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EnglishIconicity英语中象似性文字David&MichaelZhuDMusic:（班得瑞）清晨Iconicity:象似性(Peirce/Haiman/Wittgenstein)1.音象2.形象3.位置象4.功效象近取诸身远取诸物第1页zwsDoyouknowthefollowingwords?vadornavenuebaldbeardbellybeltbucklevbuoyburstCallousCamelCardiacCatchCaterpillarCelibatechagrinCharyClimbCaptiveConserve Consort handcuffeareyeeloquentfartgulphugidoljavelinKinlancelordmaremoustachenihilismObesevOcularOglepregnantquenchraceslendertoddlervalleyvalvewaveyawnzigzag第2页zwsAdornd:nvSoundslike“adddoor”decorate.(加门装饰)第3页zwsAdornvAdorn:装饰；装扮装饰；装扮vIfsomethingadornsaplaceoranobject,itmakesitlookmorebeautiful.vHiswatercolourdesignsadornawiderangeofbooks.v他水彩设计使许多图书大为生色。vSeveralmagnificentoilpaintingsadornthewalls.v几幅恢宏油画装点着墙面。第4页zwsAghastvAghast:adj.惊呆；惊呆；吓吓呆呆vIfyouareaghast,youarefilledwithhorrorandsurprise.vDavid解字：aghasta+ghost(鬼，幽灵);所以，aghast见到一一个鬼吓呆了。vHiscolleagueswereaghastatthesackings.v他同事们对于这些辞退感到很吃惊。第5页zwsAgonyvAgony:（肉体或精神）（肉体或精神）极度痛苦，创痛极度痛苦，创痛Agonyisgreatphysicalormentalpain.vDavid解字：谐音为“爱过你（小三）”极度痛苦。极度痛苦。vHelayinagonyuntilthedoctorarrived.v在医生来到之前，他一在医生来到之前，他一直非常痛苦地躺在那里。直非常痛苦地躺在那里。第6页zwsApparition,prnvApparition:n.（特异景（特异景象等）出现象等）出现;幽灵幽灵,鬼。鬼。vDavid解字：解字：appar=appear(出现出现)；故；故apparition=（特异景（特异景象等）象等）出现出现幽灵幽灵,鬼。鬼。vHesawtheapparitionofhisdeadwife.v他看见了他亡妻幽灵。他看见了他亡妻幽灵。第7页zwsAppeasevAppease:vt.平息平息;安抚安抚;抚慰抚慰vDavid解字：解字：pease=peace(和平；安宁和平；安宁)vThegovernmenttriedtoappeasediscontentedworkers.v政府试图安抚安抚不满工人们。第8页zwsArduous:du:svArduous:adj.困难；艰巨；困难；艰巨；费劲费劲Somethingthatisarduousisdifficultandtiring,andinvolvesalotofeffort.vDavid解字：hard(艰难)h=ard+uous(形容词后缀)=arduousvalong,hotandarduousjourney.v一段漫长、酷热而又艰辛旅程v第9页zwsAvenuevinju:vavenuen.林阴道,大街v记忆：谐音为“爱吻妞”（洋妞）v联想：（洋人）林荫道上爱吻妞。vYoucanfindmyhousealongtheavenue.v沿着林阴道你能找到我家。第10页zwsbaldvBald:秃头；秃顶秃头；秃顶Someonewhoisbaldhaslittleornohaironthetopoftheirhead.vThemansbaldheadwasbeadedwithsweat.v这个男人光头上满是汗珠。vSheisgoingbald.v她开始谢顶。读音像”ball”(球)第11页zwsBasebeisvBase:卑劣卑劣；下流；无；下流；无耻耻Basebehaviourisbehaviourthatisimmoralordishonest.vDavid解字：谐音为“卑死”卑劣卑劣死了。vLovehasthepowertoovercomethebaseremotions.v爱能够战胜邪念。第12页zwsbeardvBeard:n.(络腮)胡须胡须vHesdecidedtogrowabeard.v他已经决定蓄胡子。v两耳之间状如“bd”毛=beard.ear第13页zwsbellyvBelly:vn.肚子，腹部；肚子，腹部；（物（物体）圆形或凸起部份；体）圆形或凸起部份；vt.&vi.膨胀膨胀vShelaidherhandsonherswollenbelly.v她把双手放在自己隆起她把双手放在自己隆起肚子上。肚子上。第14页zwsbelt与belly同在第15页zwsbeltvBelt:n.v腰带；裤带；皮带腰带；裤带；皮带vAbeltisastripofleatherorcloththatyoufastenroundyourwaist.vHeworeabeltwithalargebrassbuckle.v他系着一条带大铜扣腰带。第16页zwsblowballvBlowballn.蒲公英v记忆：blow+ball=吹+球=可随风吹散球状花”蒲公英。第17页zwsBriquettebriketvBriquette:n.ablockmadefromcharcoalorcoaldustandburnedasfuel煤饼，煤球v1.David解字：briqu=brick=砖块+ette(小)=小砖块一样东西v2.fromFrench,diminutiveofbriquebrick.第18页zwsBucklebklvBuckle:n.搭扣搭扣，扣环，扣环vvt.&vi.用搭扣扣紧用搭扣扣紧vAbuckleisapieceofmetalorplasticattachedtooneendofabeltorstrap,whichisusedtofastenit.vHeworeabeltwithalargebrassbuckle.v他系了条带有一个大（黄）铜搭扣皮带。读音与“把扣”相同第19页zwsbuoybu:i:,b标bio：浮标第20页zwsBuoyv浮标；航标浮标；航标vAbuoyisafloatingobjectthatisusedtoshowshipsandboatswheretheycangoandtowarnthemofdanger.第21页zwsBursarb:svBursar:(大学等)财务主管v1.David解字：burs=purse(bag)；sar=sirbursar=管钱袋子先生v2.frombursabag,purse(seebursa).vIworkinbursarsofficeatColumbia.v我在哥伦比亚大学财务处工作。第22页zwsburstvBurst:/b/:是个爆破音，发音时有强烈爆破声，且中、英文首字母都是v/b/:burst/bo.vBurst:vi.爆裂，炸破；使爆炸；暴发vThedriverlostcontrolwhenatyreburst.v一个车胎爆了，司机失去了控制。第23页zwsCallousvCallous:1.硬结,起老茧2.铁石心肠vAcallouspersonoractionisverycruelandshowsnoconcernforotherpeopleortheirfeelings.vDavid解字：Ca在化学里表示“钙”石头：硬。vHeiscallousaboutthesafetyofhisworkers.v他对他工人安全毫不关心。与与careless谐音谐音第24页zwsCamel骆驼第25页zwsCardiack:di,kv心脏心脏Cardiacmeansrelatingtotheheart.vDavid解字：card=heart(心脏)(二者二者读音相读音相同同）vThekingwassufferingfromcardiacweakness.v国王患有心脏病。第26页zwsCatchCatch:接住接住;抓住抓住Ifyoucatchanobjectthatismovingthroughtheair,youseizeitwithyourhands.vIjumpeduptocatchaballandfellover.v我跳起来接球，结果摔了个跟头第27页zwsCaterpillarv毛虫：毛虫：Acaterpillarisasmall,worm-likeanimalthatfeedsonplantsandeventuallydevelopsintoabutterflyormoth.vlit.“hairycat”(毛毛猫):身上满身毛，行走状如猫虫子。vCat+pilar=猫+毛发包含“hair”主要字母”air”.第28页zwsCelibateselbtCelibate:(因宗教信仰因宗教信仰)禁欲，禁欲，单身单身Someonewhoiscelibatedoesnotmarryorhavesex,becauseoftheirreligiousbeliefs.Ce=self;libliveCe+libate=一个人过=单身vImcelibateandIliveaveryserenelifestyle.v我是一个我是一个单身单身主义者，主义者，过着一个非常平静生活过着一个非常平静生活。第29页zwschagringrnv懊恼懊恼;窝火窝火;失望失望Chagrinisafeelingofdisappointment,upset,orannoyance,perhapsbecauseofyourownfailure.vChagrinangryvMuchtohischagrin,hedidnotwintherace.v使他大为懊恼是他赛跑没使他大为懊恼是他赛跑没获胜。获胜。第30页zwsCharyvChary:小心小心;慎重慎重Ifyouarecharyofdoingsomething,youarefairlycautiousaboutdoingit.v解释：fromfullofcaretocareful.vChar=care(“h”常为哑音，不发音)vBecharyofcatchingcold!v当心受凉感冒！第31页zwsClimbvClimb:vt.&vi.爬上，攀爬上，攀登登vDavid解字：C（抓住）+limb（四肢）=爬，攀登vTheslopeistoosteepforustoclimb.这斜坡太陡，我们爬不上去。第32页zwsCaptivevC:形状如拇指、食指张开时形成虎口，表示“抓”。vCaptive:n.战俘，战俘，俘虏；俘虏；adj.被俘；被俘；被监禁；被监禁；被被关押关押vC在此发在此发/k/,与与“关关”（gun）中）中/g/为一一对能能够交交换清、清、浊辅音。音。Cat:catch猫显著特征：爱猫显著特征：爱“抓抓”。第33页zwsCaptivevAcaptivepersonoranimalisbeingkeptimprisonedorenclosed.vHedescribedthedifficultiesofsurvivingforfourmonthsasacaptive.v他描述了被俘4个月里挣扎求生艰难岁月。第34页zwsConservevConserve:节约节约;节约节约Ifyouconserveasupplyofsomething,youuseitcarefullysothatitlastsforalongtime.vHewritesonbothsidesofthesheettoconservepaper.他在纸张两面都写字以节约用纸。=save保全；保守第35页zwsConsortvConsort:来往来往;厮混厮混;鬼混鬼混v解字：1.fromcon-togetherwith+sors,sort：lot,destiny.v2.Con:共同+sort:种类同类相聚结交;厮混vHeregularlyconsortedwithknowndrug-dealers.v他经常与几个臭名昭著毒贩鬼混。Youshouldconsortwithyourclassmates.你应与同学你应与同学交往交往。物以类聚Consortkn,s:t第36页zwsHandcuffhnd,kfvHand+cuff:c在此发/k/,与汉语中“卡”首辅音/声母k(k)一样。Handcuff:能够了解为“把手卡住、抓住东西”“手铐”。vCuff/kf/v拷拷:ko：二者：二者辅音一音一样vHewasledawaytojailinhandcuffs.v他戴着手铐被送进了监狱。手手拷拷第37页zwsDeafdead+earvd:发音与书写次序都是从上到下(down)。vdeaf=down+eaf（ear+force）:耳力下降聋。vManyregularTVprogramsarecaptionedforthedeaf.v许多常规电视节目都为耳聋者配了字幕。第38页zwsEari谐音为“一一耳耳”第39页zwseyevMariaseyesfilledwithtears.v玛丽亚眼中噙满了泪水。vWeeyedeachotherthoughtfully.v我们若有所思地端详着对方。第40页zwsEloquentve:像一张樱桃小嘴。vO:像张开嘴。ve+o:一人拥有两张嘴雄辩，有口才vIheardhimmakeaveryeloquentspeechatthatdinner.v在那次晚宴上，我听到他作了一番非常有说服力陈词。第41页zwsfartf:tvf:气流从唇齿间轻轻吹出，给人“很轻”感觉。vFly和fart都给人这么感觉。vFart:vi.放屁放屁。vFart与放fng首辅音/声母一致：/f/.vHedbeenfartingallnight.v他整晚都在放屁。Superfart!读音与“放它”谐音第42页zwsFatuousvFatuous:complacentlyorinanelyfoolish.愚蠢;傻;笨vDavid解字：fat(肥胖),轻易致人愚蠢。vfromLatinfatuusfoolish+-ous,说明fat=fool。vWhatafatuousremark!多么愚蠢话呀！Fatuous第43页zwsfettervfetter:n.脚镣；脚镣；束缚束缚vvt.给给上脚镣，束缚上脚镣，束缚vDavid解字：fetter=(feete)+tervHesawaboyinfettersinthedungeons.v他在地牢里看见一个戴着脚镣男孩。第44页zwsGorgeg:dvGorge:n.咽喉咽喉;山峡，峡山峡，峡谷谷vG:像喉咙。像喉咙。vSoamessgorgehadrisensothathecouldhardlyspeak.索米斯喉索米斯喉咙已经堵得完全说不出话咙已经堵得完全说不出话来。来。v(常与常与rise搭配搭配)第45页zwsGulplpvGulp:vt.狼吞虎咽地吃，狼吞虎咽地吃，吞咽吞咽vGulp:未经咀嚼直接从咽喉里进去。vShequicklygulpedhertea.v她将茶一饮而尽。第46页zwsHedgevHedge:n.树篱Ahedgeisarowofbushesorsmalltrees,usuallyalongtheedgeofagarden,field,orroad.vDavid解字：H形，处于花园或道路边缘（edge）=树篱vThehedgeofstonesismuchstrongerthanawoodhedge.v石头围墙比竹篱笆坚固多了。第47页zwshugvhug:vt.&vi.热烈地拥热烈地拥抱，抱，抱住，抱住，紧抱紧抱vh:像大拇指与其它四个手指之间形成“握”姿势或伸开两手臂形成姿势握住抱住。抱住。v汉字汉字“拥抱拥抱”都有表示都有表示“手手”“提手旁提手旁”。v第48页zwshughvhug:vt.&vi.热烈地拥抱，热烈地拥抱，抱住，抱住，紧抱紧抱vh:像大拇指与其它四个手指之间形成“握”姿势或伸开两手臂形成姿势握住抱住抱住vTheyhuggedeachotherlikeacoupleoflostchildren.v他们相互紧抱在一起，就他们相互紧抱在一起，就像一对迷路孩子。像一对迷路孩子。合h第49页zwsidolaidlvidol:偶像vAgreatcheerwentupfromthecrowdastheycaughtsightoftheiridol.v一看到他们偶像,人群暴发出热烈欢呼声。vidol=i+do+l=我要做我要做长人长人姚偶像！姚偶像！第50页zwsIndolentndlntvIndolentadj.懒惰懒惰;怠怠惰惰;好逸恶劳好逸恶劳Someonewhoisindolentislazy.vDavid解字：indol读音像“indoor”（室内）整天呆室内懒惰。vIdontwanttomakefriendswithindolentpersons.v我不喜欢和懒惰人交朋友。第51页zwsIndulgevIndulge:v.(使自己使自己)沉迷沉迷;放纵放纵(自己自己)vDavid解字：Indulge读音像“淫荡子淫荡子”放纵。vOnlyrarelywillsheindulgeinaglassofwine.v她只是偶然才喝杯红酒,让自己享受一下。第52页zwsjavelindvlinvjavelin:体育比赛中）标枪体育比赛中）标枪Ajavelinisalongspearthatisusedinsportscompetitions.Competitorstrytothrowthejavelinasfaraspossible.vj:如古代狩猎用“标枪、投枪”，给人“投、射、喷、蹦”感觉。第53页zwsKinvK:如在“I”我身上长出了更多手和脚我家人、家族。vKin:家眷，亲属，亲戚家眷，亲属，亲戚Yourkinareyourrelatives.Kid第54页zwslancevl:表示“长”。vLance:旧时骑兵用）长旧时骑兵用）长矛矛Alanceisalongspearusedinformertimesbysoldiersonhorseback.第55页zwsleervLeer:v.&n.tolookatsomeoneinanunpleasantwaythatshowsyouaresexuallyinterestedinthem.vi.抛媚眼，送秋波；斜睨vDavid解字：l脸颊；ee=两眼。谐音“来啊!”vWhenIaskedtheclerkformyroomkey,hegaveittomewithaleer.v我向接待员要房间钥匙时候，他边给边露出一个不怀好意笑。第56页zwslookvHelookedaway,apparentlyenraged.v他眼睛看向别处，似乎极为愤恨。第57页zwsLordl:dvLord:n.主；主；领主；领主；上帝；上帝；（英国用以称呼法官、主（英国用以称呼法官、主教或一些男性贵族组员，教或一些男性贵族组员，表示尊敬）大人表示尊敬）大人v解字：lord=老大（lod，读音也很像）。词义中人都是“老大”。vSheprayednow.Lord,helpmetofindcourage.v她马上祈祷道：“上帝呀，请赐我勇气吧。”v第58页zwsLunglvLung:n.肺；肺；呼吸器官呼吸器官vDavid解字：解字：lung读音像读音像“浪浪”。用汉语词语。用汉语词语“浪费浪费”能够帮助记忆。（浪费能够帮助记忆。（浪费浪肺）浪肺）vLung=light(轻轻)vYourlungsarethetwoorgansinsideyourchestwhichfillwithairwhenyoubreathein.v第59页zwsMare第60页zwsMonolithicvMonolithic:adj.独块巨石独块巨石；整体；整体；庞大庞大vDavid解字：mon=one(Monday);lithic砾（石）（谐音）vMonolithic=一块砾石一块砾石vAmonolithicsculpture.独块巨石雕塑独块巨石雕塑Monolith独块巨石独块巨石第61页zwsMorbidvMorbidadj.毛病，病,由病引发,病态；恐怖vDavid解字：谐音为解字：谐音为“毛病毛病”。vamorbidfearofmen.v对男人产生病态恐惧。爱看骷髅爱看骷髅？Morbid!第62页zwsmoustachemst:vMoustache:(较长时较长时称作称作moustaches)髭，髭，八字胡，八字须八字胡，八字须vAmansmoustacheisthehairthatgrowsonhisupperlip.Ifitisverylong,itissometimesreferredtoashismoustaches.Mouth:嘴巴Mouth嘴巴之上毛moustache第63页zwsMigratema,retvM:如“移动”毛毛虫或蚯蚓移动。Migrate:vi.迁移，移往；迁移，移往；移动移动;移居移居vFarmershavelearnedthattheyhavetomigrateiftheywanttosurvive.v农民们已经认识到，想要生存就必须外出打工。第64页zwsMovevm第65页zwsmelodymeldivmelody:n.旋律旋律,曲调曲调;美妙音乐;婉转婉转;悦耳悦耳vAmelodyisatune.vMelodyisthequalityofhavingapleasanttune.v谐音“美乐迪”美妙音乐vHervoicewasfullofmelody.v她声音非常悦耳。移动动音符第66页zwsnihilismvNihilism:na,lzmv虚无主义虚无主义Nihilismisabeliefwhichrejectsallpoliticalandreligiousauthorityandcurrentideasinfavouroftheindividual.vWhyshouldagreatcommunitylikeauniversitybeafraidofnihilism?v为何像大学这么人才济济小区要害怕虚无主义呢？M变成变成n，少了二，少了二分之一：分之一：n表示表示“消失消失”或或“否否定定”。nil:零第67页zwsNocturnalvNocturnal：adj.夜，夜间夜，夜间;（动物）夜间活动；（植（动物）夜间活动；（植物）夜间开花；物）夜间开花；乐乐夜曲夜曲vDavid解字：解字：noct=night;turn=turnortune(曲调曲调)vNoct+turn+al=夜间；夜间；夜曲夜曲vStarsareanocturnalsight.星星是夜间景观。星星是夜间景观。v第68页zwsObesebi:svObese:过分肥胖；臃肿；过分肥胖；臃肿；虚胖虚胖vIfsomeoneisobese,theyareextremelyfat.vThetendencytobecomeobeseisatleastinparthereditary.v发胖最少有一部分是源于遗传。vObesepeopletendtohavehigherbloodpressurethanleanpeople.v胖人经常比瘦人血压高。谐音：“噢，必死！“O:圆形、球形第69页zwsOcularvOcular:adj.眼睛；眼睛；适于适于眼睛；眼睛；用眼；用眼；视觉视觉vOcularmeansrelatingtotheeyesortheabilitytosee.vOcu:o+c+u=oh,seeyou!eyes.vO:如眼球；see:witheyes.第70页zwsOgleglvvt.&vi.(向向)抛媚眼，抛媚眼，送秋波送秋波vn.秋波，秋波，媚眼，媚眼，眼眼vIfyousaythatonepersonisoglinganother,youdisapproveofthemcontinuallystaringatthatpersoninawaythatindicatesastrongsexualinterest.Oh,girl!Ogle!海军招待所见！海军招待所见！第71页zwsOrbitvOrbit:n.轨道；轨道；势力范势力范围围vMarsandEarthhaveorbitswhichchangewithtime.v火星与地球运行轨道伴随时间而改变。第72页zwsOrificev（尤指身体上）口，孔，洞（尤指身体上）口，孔，洞Anorificeisanopeningorhole,especiallyoneinyourbodysuchasyourmouth.vFORMAL正式正式vAfteramassiveheartattack,hewasstrappedtoabed,withtubesineveryorifice.v经历了一次严重心脏病发作之后，他被绑在床上，全身都插着导管。第73页zwsParepvParevt.v剥,削,修,削减,毁灭v记忆：p=皮（谐音）+are（是）v联想：皮是是能够剥或削。vParethebrownskinfromthemeatwithaverysharpknife.v用一把非常尖锐刀将褐色皮从肉上剥去。第74页zwsPeekv瞥；偷看；窥视瞥；偷看；窥视Ifyoupeekatsomethingorsomeone,youhaveaquicklookatthem,oftensecretly.（快速、诡秘地“看”）vOntwooccasionsshehadpeekedathimthroughacrackinthewall.v她曾两次透过墙缝窥视他。第75页zwspeep第76页zwsPimplevPimple:（尤指脸上）丘（尤指脸上）丘疹，粉刺疹，粉刺Pimplesaresmallraisedspots,especiallyontheface.v.spotsandpimples.v斑点和丘疹vHisfacewascoveredwithpimples.v他满脸粉刺。P:发音时，轻发音时，轻轻爆破，一股轻爆破，一股微力往外冒。微力往外冒。第77页zwsPonderousvPonderous:havinggreatmassandweightandunwieldinessvadj.沉重；笨重；呆板v1.David解字：ponderpound（磅，重量单位）v2.frompondus,ponder-weight.Thefatwomansmovementswereponderous.v这个胖女人体态很这个胖女人体态很粗笨粗笨。Ponderous第78页zwsPoutpatvPout:vvt.&vi.撅嘴；撅嘴；发脾气发脾气vYourenofun,shepouted.v她撅着嘴说：“你一点都不幽默。”+Out:嘴外突第79页zwsPregnant谐音：谐音：“扑扑来个男来个男”怀孕了！怀孕了！prennt第80页zwsPregnantprenntvfromLatinpraegnant-,probablyfrompraebefore+thebaseofgnascibeborn.vPre=beforevGn=gen=bornvPregnant=孩子出生前状态孩子出生前状态vSheisapregnantwoman.她是一名孕妇。她是一名孕妇。第81页zwsQuenchvQ:伸出舌头向下“压压”形象。vQuench:vt.解（渴）；解（渴）；用水）扑灭（火焰等）；用水）扑灭（火焰等）；将（热物体）放入水中急将（热物体）放入水中急速冷却速冷却vHestoppedtoquenchhisthirstatastream.v他停了下来，在小溪边饮水止渴。第82页zwsRamvRam:n.公羊；公羊；(R-)白羊白羊(星星)座座vVt.和和相撞相撞;猛撞猛撞;撞击撞击v(雄性动物特征雄性动物特征)vThethievesfled,rammingthepolicemanscar.v小偷撞了警车后逃走了。vTheyusedalorrytoramthemaingate.v他们用卡车猛撞大门。v第83页zwsram：公羊羊Ramnam=man第84页zwsramv中国“甲骨文”中“羊”。中国“甲骨文”中“羊”。巧合？第85页zwsR:“力量力量”象征第86页zwsRacevRace:vt.&vi.和和比速度，比速度，（使）参加比（使）参加比赛赛n.比赛比赛vAraceisacompetitiontoseewhoisthefastest,forexampleinrunning,swimming,ordriving.第87页zwsRipripvRip:v.（使）撕开（使）撕开;（使）（使）扯开扯开;（使）撕裂（使）撕裂;（使）（使）划破划破n.裂口裂口vDavid解字：读音像“裂”(粤语更像)。vItriednottoripthepaperasIunwrappedit.v我把纸打开时候，尽可能不把它撕破。第88页zwsRotvRot:n.v.(使）腐烂，腐烂，（使）腐朽（使）腐朽v解字：被老鼠解字：被老鼠“rat”咬咬了以后就开始了以后就开始“腐烂腐烂”了。了。“O”形如形如“孔、孔、洞、口洞、口”腐烂腐烂了。了。vSugarycanneddrinksrotyourteeth.v罐装甜饮料会罐装甜饮料会腐蚀腐蚀牙齿。牙齿。v第89页zwsSeek查找查找查找查找=用眼用眼“see+kn”(看)第90页zwsSeekvfromanIndo-EuropeanrootsharedbyLatinsagireperceivebyscent.vTheyhavehadtoseekworkaslabourers.v他们只好找体力活儿干。第91页zwsSerenesiri:nvSerene:adj.沉静，宁沉静，宁静，安宁；静，安宁；安详安详vDavid解字：解字：serene读音与读音与silent相同。相同。vThesoundwassoserenethatitseemedunearthly.v那种声音听起来是那么宁静，好像天外之音。第92页zwsShackle(shuko)vShackle:n.手铐，脚镣；手铐，脚镣；束缚束缚(n.v.)vDavid解字：解字：Shackle发音与发音与“手铐手铐”相同相同。vHeunboltedtheshacklesonBillyshands.v他打开了比利手铐。第93页zwsSlothsl:,slSloth:n.1.懒惰，怠惰懒惰，怠惰(尤尤指工作方面指工作方面)2.树懒树懒(见见于中美洲和南美洲于中美洲和南美洲)David解字：解字：sloth=slow+thvSlothisthemotherofpoverty.v懒惰是贫穷原因。第94页zwsSoothesu:vS:表示“柔和”。vSoothe:vt.安抚安抚;抚慰抚慰;使平使平静静Ifyousoothesomeonewhoisangryorupset,youmakethemfeelcalmer.vHewouldtakeherinhisarmsandsootheher.v他会把她揽在怀中抚慰她。美女姐妹大、小“s”，都很”柔和“。来自smooth:平滑第95页zwsSlimvSlim:adj.苗条，纤细；细长苗条，纤细；细长(可用于不一样性别)vS（美女美女）+lim(=line:线条)=slimvAslimpersonhasanattractivelythinandwell-shapedbody.vJeanispretty,ofslimbuild,withblueeyes.v珍妮非常漂亮，身材苗条，有一双蓝色眼睛。thin,slight,slender第96页zwsSlendervSlender:修长(指身体细长、体态优美、苗条适中，多用于指女性。)vS（美女美女）+lender(=length:长)=slendervAslenderpersonisattractivelythinandgraceful.vHegazedatherslenderneck.v他凝视着她优美颈部。C14slendre,ofunknownorigin第97页zwsSlumvSlum:贫民窟贫民窟vAslumisanareaofacitywherelivingconditionsareverybadandwherethehousesareinbadcondition.vS+lum=s+room=破房子=贫民窟v谐音为“死烂”贫民窟！ofunknownorigin第98页zwsSnakesneikvSnake:n.蛇；蛇；奸险人；奸险人；卑鄙人卑鄙人vS+nake(裸露)=s形不穿衣服爬行动物=蛇vAtthesightofthesnake,thegirldrewback.一看到蛇，那女孩就往后一看到蛇，那女孩就往后退缩。退缩。第99页zwsSerpents:pntvn.蛇；蛇；狡猾人狡猾人vAserpentisasnake.vfromPIE*serp-:creep（爬）v记忆1：serp读音与“蛇”相同；ent表示名词词尾。v记忆2：谐音为“蛇棚”满是蛇。vtheserpentintheGardenofEden.v伊甸园里那条蛇伊甸园里那条蛇第100页zwsSneak第101页zwsSneakvSneak:v.潜行,偷偷溜走；偷偷地做(拿、吃)vS+neak来自“snake”vSometimeshewouldsneakoutofhishouselateatnighttobewithme.v有时候，他会在深夜里偷偷溜出家与我相会。蛇显著蛇显著特点特点第102页zwsSpectaclesvSpectacles:n.眼镜；眼镜(spectacle名词复数)Glassesaresometimesreferredtoasspectacles.vDavid解字：spec=pec=peek=窥视;spectacles=看工具=眼镜。Glasses=glass+es=玻璃(眼镜主材料）+es第103页zwsToddlervToddler:学步孩童学步孩童Atoddlerisayoungchildwhohasonlyjustlearnedtowalkorwhostillwalksunsteadilywithsmall,quicksteps.vT:站立、竖立vd:向下（down）vToddler:站站起来又倒下倒下人第104页zwsValleyv山谷山谷;（尤指）溪谷（尤指）溪谷Avalleyisalowstretchoflandbetweenhills,especiallyonethathasariverflowingthroughit.vIwatchedtheclimberscomedownintothevalley.v我注视着爬山者下到山谷里去了。第105页zwsValvevV:表示“缝隙/道路”。vValve:阀门挡在缝隙出调解水流进出装置。vAvalveisadeviceattachedtoapipeoratubewhichcontrolstheflowofairorliquidthroughthepipeortube.第106页zwsVinegarvinivVinegarn.醋
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