2021考研知识点总结归纳英语二真题分析.pdf

中业考研中业考研 英语二英语二真题合集真题合集主编：中业考研教研中心主编：中业考研教研中心（内部资料，翻印必究）（内部资料，翻印必究）目录目录2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题.12016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案及解析.132017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题.472017 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案及解析.602018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题.882018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案及解析.1012019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题.1292019 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析.1422020 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题.1622020 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题解析.174第 1 页 共 182 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座2016 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）（二）试题试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following texts.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Happy people work differently.Theyre more productive,more creative,and willing totake greater risks.And new research suggests that happiness might influence_1_firms work,too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more,according to a recentresearch paper._2_,firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking_3_for makinginvestments for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the_4_and inclination for risk-taking that come withhappiness would_5_the way companies invested.So they compared U.S.cities averagehappiness_6_by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in thoseareas._7_enough,firms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness ofthe area in which they were_8_.But is it really happiness thats linked to investment,or couldsomething else about happier cities_9_why firms there spend more on R&D?To find out,theresearchers controlled for various_10_that might make firms more likely to invest like size,industry,and salesand for indicators that a place was_11_to live in,like growth in wagesor population.The link between happiness and investment generally_12_even afteraccounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for youngerfirms,which the authors_13_to“less codified decision making process”and the possiblepresence of“younger and less_14_managers who are more likely to be influenced bysentiment.”The relationship was_15_stronger in places where happiness was spreadmore_16_.Firms seem to invest more in places where most people are relatively happy,rather than in places with happiness inequality._17_ this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take alonger-term view,the authors believe it at least_18_at that possibility.Its not hard toimagine that local culture and sentiment would help_19_how executives think about the第 2 页 共 182 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座future.“It surely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward-thinking andcreative and_20_R&D more than the average,”said one researcher.1.A whyB whereC howD when2.A In returnB In particularC In contrastDIn conclusion3.A sufficientB famousC perfectD necessary4.A individualismB modernismC optimismD realism5.A echoB missC spoilD change6.A imaginedB measuredC inventedD assumed7.A SureB OddlyC UnfortunatelyD Often8.A advertisedB dividedC overtaxedD headquartered9.A explainB overstateC summarizeD emphasize10.A stagesB factorsC levelsD methods11.A desirableB sociableC reputableD reliable12.A resumedB heldCemergedD broke13.A attributeB assignC transferDcompare14.A seriousB civilizedC ambitiousDexperienced15.A thusB insteadC alsoD never16.A rapidlyB regularlyC directlyD equally17.A AfterB UntilC WhileD Since18.A arrivesB jumpsC hintsD strikes19.A shapeB rediscoverC simplifyD share20.A pray forB lean towardsC give awayD send outSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C orD.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science incollege.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses,said TomCortina,the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.第 3 页 共 182 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座However,Cortina said,early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computerscience,they learn that its not just a confusing,endless string of letters and numbers but atool to build apps,or create artwork,or test hypotheses.Its not as hard for them to transformtheir thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sizedchunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training couldincrease the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap,Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college,where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim,which can drive theless-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School,where people pay to learn programming,started as one of the manycoding boot camps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,but“we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interestedin,”said Victoria Friedman,an instructor.For instance,one of the apps the students aredeveloping suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build thenext Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover,so the“Ruby on Rails”language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But theskills they learn how to think logically through a problem and organize the results applyto any coding language,said Deborah Seehorn,an education consultant for the state of NorthCarolina.Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army ofcoders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded bycomputers in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes for the rest of their lives.Theyounger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what theywant the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to_.A complete future job trainingB remodel the way of thinkingC formulate logical hypothesesD perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers,Flatiron has considered their_.第 4 页 共 182 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座A experienceB academic backgroundsC career prospectsD interest23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will _.A help students learn other computer languagesB have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC need improving when students look for jobsD enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph,Flatiron students are expected to _.A compete with a future army of programmersB stay longer in the information technology industryC become better prepared for the digitalized worldD bring forth innovative computer technologies25.The word“coax”(Line4,Para.6)is closest in meaning to_.A challengeB persuadeC frightenD misguideText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickensa kind of bird livingon stretching grasslandsonce lent red to the often gray landscape of the Midwestern andsouthwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today,occupying about 16%ofthe specieshistoric range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided toformally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,”saidUSFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists,however,were disappointed.They hadpushed the agency to designate the bird as“endangered,”a status that gives federal officialsgreater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened”tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new,potentially lessconfrontational conservation approaches.In particular,they called for forging closer第 5 页 共 182 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座collaborations with western state governments,which are often uneasy with federal action andwith the private landowners who control an estimated 95%of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan,for example,the agency said it would not prosecute landowner orbusinesses that unintentionally kill,harm,or disturb the bird,as long as they had signed arangewide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS andthe states,the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of theiroperations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitablehabitat.The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat.USFWSalso set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and WildlifeAgencies(WAFWA),a coalition of state agencies,the job of monitoring progress.Overall,theidea is to let“states remain in the drivers seat for managing the species,”Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block theplan,and at least a dozen industry groups,four states,and three environmental groups arechallenging it in federal court.Not surprisingly,industry groups and states generally argue itgoes too far,environmentalists say it doesnt go far enough.“The federal government is givingresponsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,”says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is _.Athe insistence of private landownersBthe underestimate of the grassland acreageCa desperate appeal from some biologistsDits drastically decreased population27.The“threatened”tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_.Awas a give-in to governmental pressureBwould involve fewer agencies in actionCgranted less federal regulatory powerDwent against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted ifthey_.Aagree to pay a sum for compensation第 6 页 共 182 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座Bvolunteer to set up an equally big habitatCoffer to support the WAFWAmonitoring jobDpromise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe,the leading role in managing the species is_.Athe federal governmentBthe wildlife agenciesCthe landownersDthe states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support _.Athe plan under challengeBthe win-win rhetoricCenvironmental groupsDindustry groupsText 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich.But one specific complaint is madeespecially mournfully：Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dontseem sufficient.The webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read:“Give up TV”or“Carry a book with you at all times”But in my experience,using such methods to free up theodd 30 minutes doesnt work.Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keepsspinning-or else youre so exhausted that a challenging books the last thing you need.Themodern mind,Tim Parks,a novelist and critic,writes,“is overwhelmingly inclined towardcommunicationIt is not simply that one is interrupted;it is that one is actually inclined tointerruption”.Deep reading requires not just time,but a special kind of time which cant beobtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact,“becoming more efficient”is part of the problem.Thinking of time as a resource tobe maximized means you approach it instrumentally,judging any given moment as well spentonly in so far as it advances progress toward some goal immersive reading,by contrast,depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,goallessness,even time-wasting.Try to slot it as ato-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful,sometimes,but not themost fulfilling kind.“The future comes to us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and第 7 页 共 182 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座nearly infinite conveyor belt,”writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time,and“we feel apressure to fill these different-sized bottles(days,hours,minutes）as they pass,for if they get bywithout being filled,we will have wasted them”.No mind-set could be worse for losingyourself in a book.So what does work?Perhaps surprisingly,scheduling regular times for reading.Youdthink this might fuel the efficiency mind-set,but in fact,Eberle notes,such ritualistic behaviourhelps us“step outside times flow”into“soul time”.You could limit distractions by readingonly physical books,or on single-purpose e-readers.“Carry a book with you at all times”canactually work,too-providing you dip in often enough,so that reading becomes the default statefrom which you temporarily surface to take care of business,before dropping back down.On areally good day,it no longer feels as if youre“making time to read,”but just reading,andmaking time for everything else.31.The usual time-management techniques dont work because_.A what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what people often forget is carrying a book with themC what challenging books demand is repetitive readingD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32.The“empty bottles”metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to _.A update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps _.A promote ritualistic readingB encourage the efficiency mind-setC develop online reading habitsD achieve immersive reading34.“Carry a book with you at all times”can work if _.A reading becomes your primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after reading第 8 页 共 182 页总部地址：北京市西城区西直门南大街 2 号成铭大厦 C 座D time can be evenly split for reading and business35.The best title for this text could be _.A How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Set Reading GoalsC How to Find Time to ReadD How to Read ExtensivelyText 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure,youngerAmericans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success,a latest poll has found.Across generational lines,Americans continue to prize many of the same traditionalmilestones of a successful life,including getting married,having children,owning a home,andretiring in their sixties.But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish lineof a fulfilling life,they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults toprioritize personal fulfillment in their work,to believe they will advance their careers most byregularly changing jobs,to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace oflife,to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children,and to maintain that