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第1页Reviewl坚持两种使用方法：lpersist in doing sth/insist on/upon doing sthl没人能防止犯没人能防止犯错错。lNo one can avoid making mistakes.l不懂装懂就会不懂装懂就会闹闹笑笑话话。If you pretend to know what you dont know,youll only make a fool of yourself.l阻止做某事表示法：阻止做某事表示法：stop sb(from)doing,prevent sb(from)doing或或keep sb from doing第2页你介意把窗你介意把窗户户打开打开吗吗？lWould you mind opening the window?l你介意我把窗你介意我把窗户户打开打开吗吗？lWould you mind my opening the window?l不论你是谁，都必须恪守规则。lNo matter who you are,you must obey the rules.l不论他学习多么努力，总不能经过考试。lNo matter how hard he studies,he finds it difficult to pass the exam.l动动名名词词使用方法：接使用方法：接lesson68第3页practice:l依据所给汉语，按正确形式填空：lHe _(坚持)that he do that work alone.lThe teacher tells us that learning English must be _(坚持).lShe tried to _(逃 避)answering my questions.lShe wasnt really crying;she was only _(假装).lWhat can we do to _(阻止)the disease spreading?insists persistent avoid pretending prevent第4页Freetalk:Haveyouseenthecriminalspot?l1.If you see the thiefsteals others,what willyoudo?l2.Whenyounoticetheburglarbreakintoyourhouse,What kinds ofmeasuresyouwilltake?第5页murdermournfulsupposev.v.假设假设n.n.谋杀谋杀adj.adj.悲伤悲伤第6页tapexaminerinstruct n.n.主考人主考人v.v.轻敲轻敲v.v.命令，指示命令，指示第7页brakebrakepedalpedalreactreactn.n.刹车刹车n.n.踏板踏板v.v.反应反应第8页acquireconfidencev.v.取得，取得取得，取得n.n.信心信心第9页Lets review the words!第10页依据所给汉语意思写出单词，并用其正确形式填空。依据所给汉语意思写出单词，并用其正确形式填空。1.The teacher often _(指导；指示)us how to work out maths problems.l2.She has great _(自信)in her success.l3._(谋杀)is a terrible crime.l4.That girl _(轻敲)her fingers on the desk impatiently.l5._(考官)：Tell me about your family?l6.The _(刹车)doesnt work well.l7.A _(悲伤)voice sings,“Are we still married?”l8.Let me see your driving _(执照).第11页 Questions on the test:When did the author begin to acquire confidence and why?What was the last thing the author was asked to do by the examiner?Did the author get the driving licence in the end?第12页lI was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.Sure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.l The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.l I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly,Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal and we were both thrown forward.The examiner looked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!第13页Newwordsandexpressionsmurderm:dn.谋杀instructinstrktv.命令，指示acquirekwaiv.取得，取得confidenceknfidnsn.信心examinerigzminn.主考人supposespuzv.假设taptpv.轻敲reactriktv.反应brakebreikn.刹车pedalpedln.踏板mournfulm:nfl adj.悲伤第14页Words/phrases单词与词组drivinglicence驾照heavytraffic拥挤交通inamournfulvoice用声调bepleasedwith对满意within5feet在5英尺之内crosstheroad过马路brakepedal刹车板outoftown城外第15页murder1).n.beguiltyofmurder犯谋杀罪murderwillout纸包不住火homicidehmisaid杀人（犯）manslaughtermnslt(r)过失杀人massacremsk大屠杀assassinatessineit暗杀poison毒杀suffocatesfkeit窒息而死hang绞死2).v.murderermurderess第16页instruct1).v.指导，向下命令tell日惯用语，利用广泛，语气不强order语气较强，有权威者用来指示他人服从instruct&direct用于客观、公事场所，对需要采取行动准确说明command用于军事场所Theofficercommandedhismentofire.2).v.教授，传授instructsb.ininstructor教员，教练，指导员instructionC命令，指示U传授，指导第17页acquire1).（靠努力或行为）取得gain取得自信acquireconfidence2).学得，养成（习惯）养成抽烟习惯acquireahabitofsmokingacquisitionkwizinn.取得,所获之物,收购第18页confidencen.have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.他充满信心地回答下列问题Heansweredthequestionswithconfidence.IhaveeveryconfidencethatIcanmanageitbefullofconfidence充满信心confidentadj.有信心,有把握confidentofsth.confidentthat我必定你能得到那份工作Imconfidentthatyoullgetthejob.他确信会到达目标Hewasconfidentofachievinghisaim.第19页examinev.1).调查，检验，研讨我们行李在机场进行了安检Wehadoursuitcasesexaminedattheairport.2).测验IexaminedthestudentsinEnglishonthepreviouslessons.3).诊察（看病）examiner主考人examinee被考人第20页suppose1).假设假设你是总经理，在那种情况下你会怎么做Supposethatyourethegeneralmanager,whatwillyoudoonthatoccasion.2).认为think,expectbesupposedto理应，应该他应该按时在那Heissupposedtobethereontime第21页tap.1).v.knockgentlytapat/onsth.tapsb.ontheshoulder2).n.敲击声，水龙头turnon/offtaptapwater自来水mineral-water矿泉水第22页react1).reacttosb./sth当地居民对这一消息表示愤恨Localresidentshavereactedangrilytothenews.我花了很长时间才反应过来Ittookmealongtimetoreact.Themarketreactedbyfallingafurthertwopoints.股市反应是再下跌两个百分点2).化学反应reactant化学反应物nuclearreactor核反应堆第23页brake1).n.刹车putonthebrakes踩刹车2).v.Thedriverbrakedhardasthedogranontotheroad.Shehadtobrakehardtoavoidrunningintothecarinfront.她不得不猛踩刹车，以免撞上前面车。第24页pedal1).n.踏板abrakepedal刹车踏板Shepressedherfootdownsharplyonthebrakepedal.她猛踩刹车踏板。2).v.踩踏板，骑pedalabicycle骑自行车Aboypedaledawayonhisbicycle.第25页mournfuladj.悲恸,令人惋惜,悲伤Therewasamournfullookonherface.Hesaidinamournfulvoice.mournv.感到悲痛mournfor/oversb./sth.人民悼念他们被杀害领袖Thepeoplemournedfortheirslainleader.她为她独生子死而哀痛Shemournedoverthedeathofheronlyson.mourner悼念者第26页u I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time.驾驶执照驾驶执照课文解析课文解析第27页u I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.heavy:adj.重，阴沉，大量，密集 He put down the heavy suitcase by the door.He had a heavy,sullen face.I felt so full after the heavy meal.第28页u After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.becomeAfter I had been instructed to drive out of town,I began to become confidence.第29页u The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said,Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.表示对过去事物猜测 must have done sth.be pleased with:对满意第30页1.He was pleased with my progress.2.She seemed very pleased that he had come.3.Im so pleased to have see you again.第31页u I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.Sam didnt react in any way.I wondered how hed react to such a difficult question.第32页u The examiner looked at me sadly,Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!in a voice:以一个声调in a happy voice:开心说 in a sorrow voice:难过说in a excited voice:激动说 in a crazy voice:疯狂说第33页每句赏析每句赏析lSurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymy test.Sure,省略结构，完整形式应该是“Beingsure”,在文中作状语表示原因；almost beginning toenjoy,作者信心再次提升，考试对他来说几乎成了一个消遣。lThe examiner must have been pleased with myperformance,for he smiled and said,Just one morething,Mr.Eames.musthave对当初情况推测，很有把握；for从句点明作者作出推测依据。lLetussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.lAssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.考官设置一个情景。第34页lIcontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.loudly,声音强度很大。lThoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.though引导让步状语从句，与主句情况形成对照。作者能够很清楚地听到窗玻璃声音，可是他似乎是忘乎所以，过了很久都没有反应过来。每句赏析第35页lIsuddenlypressedthebrakepedalhardandwewereboththrownforward.suddenly,表示作者突然间反应过来；hard,用力过猛；and之后句子说明结果；wereboththrownforward,两人都被抛到前面。lTheexaminerlookedatmesadly.sadly,考官大失所望。lMr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!inamournfulvoice,考官用一个很悲伤声调说话，与前文“sadly”相对应；即使考官只是构想一个情境，不过看到作者表现，还是很煞有其事地用悲伤语气告诉他：孩子给轧死了。考官一本正经，滑稽幽默跃然之上，让文章生色不少。每句赏析第36页 Take a break第37页l【Key structures】l被动语态组成：l.被动语态由“助动词be及物动词过去分词”组成。人称、数和时态改变是经过be改变表现出来。现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中组成。普 通 现 在 时：am is are done普经过去时：wasweredone普 通 未 来 时：will shall be done现 在 进 行 时：am is are being done过 去 进 行 时：was were being done现 在 完 成 时：have has been done第38页l3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。l例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.可改为The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV.改为I am never let to watch TV by mother.第39页l4.在 被 动 语 态 中 还 能 够 用 介 词+动 名 词 结 构。介 词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。假如两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则能够用after+动名词完成式表示第一个动作；假如只表示先后次序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。After having been instructed to drive out of thetown,I began to acquire confidence.在接到把车开出城指令后，我就开始有信心了。The man called the police after being robbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话He killed a child before being arrested他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子On/After being told that her mother was seriously,she hurried back to England.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。l被动语态用于介词+动名词结构普通不用于口语，比较正式。第40页I for a driving license for the third time.I to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.重点整理重点整理for表目for+次数动名词与现在分词做定语区分：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行动作。a walking stick 拐杖（动名词，a stick for walking）a sleeping car 卧铺车厢（动名词，a car for sleeping）the rising sun 正在升起太阳（现在分词）the changing world 改变中世界（现在分词）lightwas being testedhad been asked第41页 to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.SureSure that I had passed,I was almost beginning to enjoy my test.现在完成时被动形式；Having been+过去分词After I had been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.介词短语作时间状语，主从句主语一致时，可简化从句。在句首中省略了being,这个分词结构在句中是状语，表原因。-Worried about his child,he didnt sleep last night.-As he was worried about his child,he didnt sleep last night.重点整理重点整理After having been instructed第42页The examiner must have been pleased with my performance,for he smiled and said.Just one more thing,Mr.Eames.Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you.As soon as I tap on the window,you must stop within five feet.must have been表示对过去事情猜测pleased是个形容词，惯用词组是be pleased withsuppose(supposing):惯用于一个句子或从句前，意思是what would happen if,用来假设一个条件或某种情况。动词要用普通现在时或普通过去时。假如用过去时，所假设情况可能性会很小。Supposing we miss the trainwhat will we do then?Wed love to attend the party,supposing(if)we dont have to work late that day.重点整理重点整理第43页l2)bepleasedwith对.满 意 besatisfiedwithbecontentwithle.g.My boss is pleased（satisfied content）with my workperformancel老板对我工作表现很满意l3.performancen.表现，演出，工作情况lPerformvt.执行；完成；演奏lvi.执行，机器运转；演出lperformanoperation动手术；做手术lperformon演出；上演；演奏lopportunitytoperform实践机会；表现机会lperformmaintenance修理lperformacontract执行协议第44页I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and weThe examiner looked at me sadly.Mr.Eames,he said,in a mournful voice,you have just killed that child!in avoice以.声调she told us the news in a low voice.have just killed用是现在完成时，是想强调结果。重点整理重点整理I continued driving and after some time,the examiner tapped loudly.Though the sound could clearly,it took me a long time to react.be heardwere both thrown forward.第45页语法学习语法学习做状语形容词结构做状语形容词结构做状语形容词结构做状语形容词结构l示例1：I was sure that I had passed.I was almostbeginningtoenjoymytest.l我们把这两句话合并成一个句子：lSurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.l所以，我们看得很清楚：两个句子主语（1）都是一致，所以，能够进行简化处理。l示例2：Iwaspleasedwithmysonswords.Igavehim100yuan.l合并：lPleasedwithmysonswords,Igavehim100yuan.第46页l我们再回顾一下ing结构和过去分词结构：l示例3：Itriedtoavoidmeetinghim.Isetout10minutesearlierthanusual.l合并：Tryingtoavoidmeetinghim,Isetout10minutesearlierthanusual.l示例4：Hehadeatentheapple.Heaskedforanotherone.l合 并：Having eaten the apple,he asked foranotherone.l示例5：Theratwaskilledbyalittleboy.Itwasburiedinahole.l合并：Killedbyalittleboy,theratwasburiedinahole.第47页将以下句子变成被动语态：lTheymadethepianoinGermanyin1681.lItoldyouhecoulddoit.lIcantfindmybag.Hemusthavestolenit.lThepolicewerequestioningtheman.lHeneverexpectedtheyfoundthebicycle.lIfoundhehadsenttheparcletothewrongplace.第48页l l被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态语法学习语法学习I was being tested for a driving license for the third time.I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully.After having been instructed to drive out of town,I began to acquire confidence.I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward.Though the sound could be heard clearly,it took me a long time to react.第49页a)a)用所给动词正确时态和语态填空。用所给动词正确时态和语态填空。l1.Manystarscan_(see)atnight.l2.Thereportis_(write)byoneofthebeststudents.l3.Upon_(rob),themancalledthepoliceatonce.l4.Hekilledachildbefore_(arrest).l5.On _(tell)that her mother was seriously ill,shehurriedbacktoEngland.第50页l6.Shewassentabroadto_(train).l7.Thehugebridge_(damage)beforetheWorldWar.l8.He_(hear)tomoveaboutinherroomupstairslastnight.l9.After_(cheat)byaclient,hechangedhiswayofdoingbusiness.l10.Thedrivermust_(punish)bythepolice,helookedsounhappy.第51页SpecialdifficultieslPracticeandAdvicelpracticen.（重复）练习，实践，实施lpractisevt.&vi.练习，经常做lJimmyusedtopractise(playing)footballeveryafternoon.lShepractisesonthepianoforthreehourseveryday.lHestillneedsalotofpractice.lHepractisesthepianoeveryday.第52页Specialdifficultiesladvicen.忠言,劝说,提议(不可数名词)lShegavemesomegoodadvice/apieceofadviceaboutjobs.ladvisevt.&vi.劝说，向提供提议Sheadvisedmeagainstgoingtotheparty.l她提议/劝我不要去参加聚会lIwanttogiveyousomeadvice.lWhatdoyouadvisemetodo?第53页SpecialdifficultieslEnjoy,EntertainandAmuselenjoyvt.观赏，喜爱，享受之乐（后跟名词、l动名词，用于主动语态）lIenjoyswimminginsummer.lWerereallyenjoyingourselves.lentertainvt.款待，招待，请客；使高兴，给娱乐（=amuse）Weoftenentertainfriendsatweekends.l第54页SpecialdifficultieslUncle Sam entertains/amuses the children forhoursatatime.l萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。lMy children can entertain/amuse themselvesforhourswithtellingstoriestoeachother.amusevt.逗乐，逗笑（惯用于被动语态）lShe was amused by her fathers funnystories.lHisstoryamusedthechildrenverymuch.第55页Specialdifficultiesl过去进行时wasalmostbeginningl1过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行动作，常和表示过去时间状语then，atthis（that）time，yesterday，atnine，lastnight等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间状语，这时需要经过上下文来表示。第56页lWhat were you doing at nine last night？l 昨晚九点时，你在做什么？l l I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.l 昨天下午我打电话给你，不过没有些人接电话。l l I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.l 我昨天下午大部分时间，都在一个朋友家里。第57页l2 当两个一长一短动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。l It was raining hard when I left my office.l 当我离创办公室时，雨下得正大。l When you called，I was eating.l 你打电话时，我正在吃饭。第58页l When I was cleaning the windows，my brother was sweeping the floor.l l （当）我在擦窗户时候，我弟弟在拖地。l l Some students were playing football，while others were running round the track.l l 一些学生在踢足球，同时别学生正在跑道上跑步。第59页lWe were walking along the river when（suddenly）It rained.l l 我们沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来。l l They were watching TV when the lights went out.l l 停电时，他们刚好在看电视。（注意：同上例）第60页3 过去进行时表示过去未来动作 现在进行时能够表示未来动作，一样，过去进行时也能够表示从过去某时间看来将要发生动作。惯用在间接引语中。l l She went to see Xiao Li.He was leaving early the next morning.l 她去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。l l She asked him whether he was coming back to lunch.l 她问他晚饭是否准备回来吃。第61页回顾Keypoints学习关键点1.请同学们看下面几个句子,试分辨它们时态与语态:1)Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.2)Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytraffic3)Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown第62页Keypoints学习关键点1)Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.wasbeingtested是过去进行时+被动,你对了吗?我们曾经学过一个句子:Itisbeingrepairedbyafriendofmyfathers.isbeingrepaired是现在进行时+被动Thebicyclewasbeingsenttohishomebytrain.第63页Keypoints学习关键点2)Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytraffic.hadbeenasked是显著过去完成时+被动完成:hadbeen被动:beasked这么句型我们已经学了不少:Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneyto第64页Keypoints学习关键点3)Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftownhavingbeeninstructed是完成时+被动因为在介词after后面,后面动词需要动名词形式.After having been told that her mother was seriously ill,shehurriedbacktoEngland.第65页Keypoints学习关键点2.Ibegantoacquireconfidence.acquire通常表示经过努力“取得”,“学到”,也能够表示“养成(习惯)”等:Mary acquired a good knowl
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