专八改错题及答案.doc

2012年3月专八真题：改错部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freelyThe argument has been going since at least the first (1) _ century B.CUp to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _ the mannerThis is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _ wanted the truth to be read and understoodThen in the turn of the 19th (5) _ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _literal as possibleThis view culminated the statement of the (9) _ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the natureof the readership, the type of the text, was not discussedToo often,writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each otherNow, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains (10) _ 参考答案： 1going后加on2certain改为a certain3rather改为not4is 改为was5in 改为 at6去掉第二个the7view后面加that8去掉 was9culminated后面加in10and 改为but2011年3月专八真题：改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four (1)I tried to abandon this idea, but I did so with the conscience (2)that I was outraging my true nature and that soon or later I should have to (3)settle down and write books. I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side(4)and I barely saw my father before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which(5)made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had the lonely childs habit of making up stories and holding conversations with imaginative persons, and (6) I think from the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with(7)the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created (8) a sort of private worldwhich I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life (9) Therefore, the volume of serious i.e. seriously intended writing which I produced (10)all through my childhood and boyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age offive, my mother taking it down to dictation. 1. grew 后加up2. conscience 改成consciousness3. soon 改成sooner4. the 和child之间加middle5. disagreeing 改成disagreeable6. imaginative 改成imaginary7. literal 改成literary8. in 去掉9. which 前加in10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless改错题出自：George Orwell的Why I Write的前两段 第1个错误出现在 grew .解析：grow 表成长，如人和动植物的成长。如果要表“长大”就要用短语：grow up。2 .句中conscience 有如下的释义：1.良心，良知 2.良知 1.良心 2.第三类法庭 而consciousness表示1.意识到,知道. 2.意识，觉悟 3.意识状态 4.清醒 句子的意思是：我意识到这是在违背我的本性。3. 第三句考固定搭配：sooner or later 迟早。难点：outrage 违背 做动词。4. 按句子意思 作者排行老二 家里上面和下面都有个小孩 因此加上 middle5. disagreeing为disagree的ing,意思是“不同意不认同”。 改为：disagreeable表 1. 不合意的;不愉快的;讨厌的 2. 难相处的,脾气坏的 6. imaginative 改成 imaginary，解析：imaginative 表示人富有想像力的;富于想像的;有创造力的。而imaginary表示想像中的;虚构的;幻想的 如： an imaginary friend 想像中的朋友7 .literal表“文字的” 改成 literary 指文学作者的文学的志向与野心8.face sth. 直面某个事实 .不用接介词 in9. 定语从句 ，修饰world， 有介词要用在which前，不能省略10. Therefore, 改成Nevertheless句子有转折的意思，作者说他一直沉溺在自己的内心世界，然而童年时代所写的东西数目不多。而非因此，童年所写的东西不多。2010年3月专八真题：改错部分So far as we can tell, all human languages are equally complete and perfect as instruments of communication: that is, (1) every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say (2) the things their speakers want to say. (3) There may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter. Certainly, not all groups of people are equally competent in nuclear physics or psychology or the cultivation of rice or the engraving of Benares brass. (4) Whereas this is not the fault of their language. The Eskimos can (5) speak about snow with a great deal further precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimo language (one of those sometimes miscalled primitive) is inherently more precise and subtle than English. (6) This example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected primitiveness. The position is simply and obviously that (7) the Eskimos and the English live in similar environments. The English language (8) will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow, presumably, if the environments (9) in which English was habitually used made such distinction as important. Similarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket (10) if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life. For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the 19th century could not talk about motorcars with the minute discrimination which is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture. But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicles which send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when we are reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguish between a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig, a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence?1 be后插入 as; 2 their改为its; 3 There改为It; 4 Whereas改为But 5 further 改为more 6 come改为bring; 7 similar改为different; 8 will改为would; 9 as important去掉as 10 the part去掉the2009年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分The previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference(1) between school lore and nursery lore. In nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener(2) has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren.(3) The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting it may be something from 20 to 70 years. (4) With the playgroundlore, therefore, a rhyme may be excitedly passed on within the very hour(5) it is learnt; and, in the general, it passes between children (6) of thesame age, or nearly so, since it is uncommon for the difference in age between playmates to be more than five years. If, therefore, a playground rhyme can be shown to have been currently for a hundred years, or (7) even just for fifty, it follows that it has been retransmitted over and over, very possibly it has passed along a chain of two or three(8) hundred young hearers and tellers, and the wonder is that it remains live (9) after so much handling, to let alone that it bears resemblance to the (10) original wording. 参考答案: (1)illustrate改为illustrated (与前文的shown保持一致)(2) the 改为a (用不定冠词表示泛指)(3)their改为his (代词与前文a little listener在单复数上保持一致)(4)something 改为anything (这里anything from.to.表示大约在.之间)(5)therefore改为however (根据上下文逻辑关系)(6) in the general去掉the (in general是习惯用法)(7) currently 改为current (这里起的是表语的作用，需要形容词而不是副词)(8) it has passed改为 it has been passed (主动改为被动，与前文保持一致)(9) live 改为 alive （活跃的，仍然存在的） (live作形容词讲为“现场直播的”意思)(10) to let alone 改为 let alone (let alone 为习惯搭配，意思是“更不用说”)2008年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one, (1) _ and in result language has played a prominent part in national moves. (2) _Men have often felt the need to cultivatea given language to show that they are distinctive from anotherrace whose (3) _ hegemony they resent. At the time the United States (4) _split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a (5)_different language from those of Britain. There was even one (6)_proposal that Americans should adopt Hebrew. Others favoredthe adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things wouldcertainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English (7)_and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone (8)_knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution of carrying with the same language as before. (9)_Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown the world (10) _that political independence and national identity can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual advantages of a common language.参考答案: 1.one改为thing2.result改为fact3.distinctive改为distinct 4.at the time后加when5.by改为with6.those改为that7.on去掉8.At改为In9.carrying 后加on10.now改为ago2007年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分From what has been said, it must be clear that no one canmake very positive statements about how language originated.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest (1) andorrecords of ancient languages show us language in a new and (2) showshowingemerging state. It is often said, of course, that the language (3) theoriginated in cries of anger, fear, pain and pleasure, and the (4) andbutnecessary evidence is entirely lacking: there are no remotetribes, no ancient records, providing evidence ofa language with a large proportion of such cries (5) largelagerthan we find in English. It is true that the absenceof such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in (6) inonother grounds too the theory is not very attractive.People of all races and languages make rather similarnoises in return to pain or pleasure. The fact that (7) returnresponsesuch noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmenand Malaysians whose languages are utterly different,serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference （8）onbetween these noises and language proper. We maysay that the cries of pain or chortles of amusementare largely reflex actions, instinctive tolarge extent, (9) awhereas language proper does not consist of signsbut of these that have to be learnt and that are (10) thesethose2006年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分We use language primarily as a means of communication with other human beings. Each of us shares with the community in which welive a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions as (1)to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular (2)message: the English speaker has iii his disposal at vocabulary and a (3)set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his (4)thoughts and feelings, ill a variety of styles, to the other English (5)speakers. His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses active-y and that which he recognises, increases ill size as he growsold as a result of education and experience. (6)But, whether the language store is relatively small or large, the systemremains no more, than a psychological reality for tike inpidual, unlesshe has a means of expressing it in terms able to be seen by another (7)member of his linguistic community; he bas to give tile system aconcrete transmission form. We take it for granted rice two most (8)common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by ourvocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing). And these are (9)among most striking of human achievements. (10)1.agreeing -agreed2.words-these/those words3.in the disposal -at the disposal4.enables-enable5.delete “the” before “other English speakers”6.old- older 7.seen - perceived, understood, comprehended8.delete “it” before “for granted”9.And - Yet; However10.most - the most striking2005年3月专八真题参考答案：改错部分The University as Business A number of colleges and universities announced steep tuition increases for next yearmuch steeper than the current,very low , rate of inflation. They say the increases are needed because of a loss in value of university endowments heavily investing S1_in common stock. I am skeptical. A business firm chooses the pricethat maximizes its net revenues, irrespective fluctuations in income: S2_and increasingly tile outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of business firms. The rise in S3_tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the S4_ demand for education. The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing S5_income from a job (this is primarily a factor in graduateandprofessionalschool tuition): the poor ones job prospects, the more S6_sense it makes to reallocate time from the job market to education,in order to make oneself more remarkable.The way which universities make themselves attractive to S7_students include soft majors, student evaluations of teachers, givingstudents a governance role, and eliminate required courses. Sky-high S8_tuitions have caused universities to regard their students ascustomers. Just as business firms sometimes collude to shorten the S9_rigors of competition, universities collude to minimize the cost tothem of the athletes whom they recruit in order to stimulate alumnidenotations, so the best athletes now often bypass higher education inorder to obtain salaries earlier from professional teams. And until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy leagueschools collude to limit competition for the best students, byagreeing not to award scholarships on the basis of merit rather than purely of needjust like business firms agreeing not to give discounts on their best customers. S10_invested / irrespective of / thosethat / fact that / in the school / poorpoorer / in which / eliminating / shorten-lessen / on-to2004改错One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for a specific (1)_purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)_Investigations are held to gather infor