形容词的比较级和最高级讲解.doc

形容词的比较级和最高级英语中大多数形容词是可以分级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。原级形容词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。用原级进行比较时可以使用下面两种结构：1. 表示比较的双方相等，用”asas”结构，表示“前者像后者一样”，即A + be + as + 形容词原级 + as + B.e.g. John is as tall as his brother.2. 表示比较的双方不相等，用”not asas”结构，表示“前者不如后者”，即A + be + not as + 形容词原级 + as + B. e.g. John is not as tall as his brother.比较级当把一个人或物同另外一个人或物比较时，就需要用到形容词比较级。其结构是：A + be + 形容词比较级 + than + B.e.g. Jackei is taller than Alex, but Alex is heavier than Jackei最高级三者或者三者以上的人或物进行比较时，需要使用形容词的最高级。其结构是：A + be + the 形容词最高级 + of / in + 比较范围.(Note: 形容词最高级前面要加 定冠词 the)e.g. Jackei is the tallest in our class. or Jackei is the tallest of all the students.比较级的几种用法：1，表示倍数， A+be+数词+times+形容词比较级+than+B Our room is twice larger than theirs. 我们的房间是他们的两倍大注：两倍为twice而不是two times.2，表示大多少，多多少，高多少等 A+be+数量词+比较级+than+BShe is two years older than me她比我大两岁3，用比较级表示最高级A+be+比较级+than+any other+单数名词，或者，A+be+比较级+than+the other+复数名词He is taller than any other student in the class.他比班上其他的同学都高。4，两个中比较的 A+the+比较级+of the twoHe is the cleverer of the two他是这两个中比较聪明的5，越来越More and more 注：这里的more代表比较级，而不是说一定是more,如，说，越来越聪明就该说，cleverer and cleverer.一般和动词get,become（变得）连用 He is getting more and more handsome It is becoming cheaper and cheaper 5, 越就越 The morethe more 注：此处的more和上面一样，代表比较几 The richer you are, the happier you will be 6, more than多余，超过，相当于over，less than少于，不足。He is more than(over) 80 years oldI have less than five yuan. 7, 修饰比较级的程度可用a lot, many, far,a bit,much,等，但不能用very quite等I feel much better now我现在感觉好多了。形容词不同级别的变化1. 规则形容词的变化ID构成方式原级比较级最高级1一般情况，直接加词尾 er 或者 esttallyoungtalleryoungertallestyoungest2以 e 结尾的，加 r 或 stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest3以辅音字母+y 结尾的，把 y i, 再加 er 或 esthappybusyhappierbusierhappiestbusiest4以重读闭音节(辅元辅结构)结尾的，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 er 或 est .bighotthinbiggerhotterthinnerbiggesthottestthinnest5双音节或多音节的形容词可以在形容词原级前直接加 more / less或most / least 构成形容词的比较级和最高级usefulcarefuldifficultexpensivemore usefulmore carefulmore difficultless expensivemost usefulmost carefulmost difficultleast expensive2. 不规则形容词的变化ID原级比较级最高级1goodbetterbest2wellbetterbest3badworseworst4manymoremost5muchmoremost6littlelessleast7farfarther , furtherfarthest , furthest8fewfewerfewest9oldolder , elderoldest , eldest补充用于不可数名词用于可数名词表示多muchmorethe mostmanymorethe most表示少littlelessthe leastfewfewerthe fewest须注意的：一、从结构上看，比较级前面不能用very,so,too, quite等作修饰词，但为了表示比较级的程度，可以用much,a lot,a little,a bit,even,still等作修饰词。例如：This box is much heavier than that one.这只箱子比那只箱子重得多。另外，比较级后面往往用连词than连接另一个比较的人或事物，但在上下文明确的情况下，形容词比较级可单独使用。例如：This ruler is very long,but that one is longer.这把尺子很长，那把尺子更长。形容词最高级前通常要加the。但是，当形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the。如：The Chang jiang River is the longest river in China.长江是中国第一大河。He is our best teacher.他是我们最好的老师。最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围。of短语所指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词in。例如： He is the strongest of the three.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。 He is the strongest in our class.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。二、从范围上看，如果在同一范围内，形容词的比较级必须把自己排除掉，即自己不能与自己相比，而最高级必须包含自己。例如：1.他比他班的任何一个学生都高。误：He is taller than any student in his class.(he包括在any student里面)正：He is taller than any other student in his class.(any other student里面已排除了he)2.这块手表是所有手表中最好的。误：This watch is the best of all the other watches.(all the other watches不包含前面的this watch)正：This watch is the best of all the watches.(all the watches包含前面的this watch)注意：如果不在同一范围内，比较级就不必把前面的主语排除掉。例如： Shanghai is larger than any city in Australia.上海比澳大利亚任何城市都大。(上海不属于澳大利亚，所以city前不必加other)试比较：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海比中国任何一座城市都大形容词的比较级专项 一、 变化规则； 1、 规则变化：（1）单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加er或est：bright _ _; 以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st：large; 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est:easy； 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写最后一个辅音字母再加er或est: big 以er，ow结尾的双音节词加er 或est:clever slow （2）多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the. (3) 部分形容词本身表示最高级，因此他们没有比较级和最高级形式：favourite round 2、 不规则变化： good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; old; 注：只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式：clever old far 二、 形容词各等级的用法： 1、 原级（同级）比较：asas; not as(so)as Well give you as much help as we can. She isnt as(so)active in sports as before. 2. 比较级：表示两者之间比 更可用状语much, a little, even等修饰： He made fewer mistakes than I did. He is even richer than I. 3、 高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the，后面多用of， in短语表示范围： It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened. He is the tallest of the three. 4、 如果在两者之间表示“最”时要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two, of the pair短语： John is the clever of the two boys. Of the two boys, John is the clever. 三、 重点与难点： 1、 asas结构：你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。 Youre a boy as good as Tom.=Youre as good a boy as Tom. 2、 (1)tooto与 sothat sb.cant的句型转换：前者为简单句，主语只有一个，而后者为复合句，主语有两个，试比较： The man was too angry to be able to speak. The man was so angry that he wasnt able to speak. The milk was too hot to drink. The milk was so hot that we cant drink it. (2) tooto与 not enough to句型的转换： He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married. The book is too difficult for me to read.= The book is not easy enough for me to read. 3、 形容词原级表示比较级含义： 约翰不象迈克那么苯。John is not so stupid as Mike. John is less stupid than Mike. John is cleverer than Mike. 4、 用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。 John is taller than any other boy in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class. John is taller than :any other boy. any of the other boy. all the other boy. any of the others. any one else. 5、 the more. the more.表示“越越”: The more books you read, the wider your knowledge is. The more food you eat, the fatter you are. 6、 more and more.表示“越来越”: More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 四、 巩固练习： （一） 写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long_ _ wide _ _ fat _ _ heavy_ _ slow _ _ few_ _ brightly_ -_ bably _ _ far_ _ quickly _ _ happy_ -_ unhappy_ (二)用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the _ (clever). 2. Gold(黄金) is _ (little) useful than iron(铁). 3. My sister is two years _ (old ) than I. 4. Johns parents have four daughters, and she is the _ (young) child. 5. The _ (cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones. 6. The short one is by far _ expensive of the five. 7. The boy is not so _ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Dick sings _ (well), she sings _(well) than John, but Mary sings_(well) in her class. 9. She will be much _ (happy) in her mew house. 10. This dress is _ that.(twice, asas, expensive) (三)选择填空： 1 He feels _ today than yesterday. A. tired B. more tired C. more tireder D. much tired 2. Which do you like _, coffee, tea or milk? A. the worst B. worse C. the worse D. worst 3. Of the two toys, the child chose_. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them 4. The line is _ than that one. A. more longer B. not longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 5. The earth is _ the moon. A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times 6. The book is _ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest 7. She looks _ than she does. A. the more older B. very older C. much older D. more older 8. The garden is becoming _. A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler 9. They competed（比赛） to see who could work _. A. the fastest and best B. the faster and the better C. fastest and better D. faster and better 10._ hurry, _speed. A. More, less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little 11. This kind of coffee is different _. A. and it is also better B. and better than the other C. but also than others D. from the other, and better (四)翻译句子： 1 本书跟那本书一样有趣。This book is _ _ _ that one. 2 你游泳没有你弟弟好。You cant swim _ _ _ your brother. 3 今天比昨天冷的多。It is _ _ today_ it was yesterday. 4 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。This story is _ _ _ than that one. 5 他比我大两岁。He is _ _ _ than I. 6 这个故事不如那个有趣。This story is _ _ _ than that one. 7 她的身体状况一天天好起来。He is getting _ _ _ every day. 8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。He is becoming _ _ _ _ _ English. 9.他吃的越多，人越胖。The more he eats, the _ he gets. 10.你的问题四两个中比较难的那个。Your question is _ _ _ of t