2007年高级(含教授级)任职资格外语考试试卷--英语(油气田工程).doc

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中国石油化工集团公司2007年工程系列高级任职资格外语考试试卷

英语（油气工程）
（120分钟内完成）

题
号
一
二
三
总分
1
2
1
2
1-3
得
分

一、 阅读理解（阅读短文，简要回答问题，共25分）
短文1（12.5分）
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. Banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits, this they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.
When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.
Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.
1. What must almost all companies involved in new production and development depend on according to the passage?
2. How is the money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects raised?
3. What do the savers do when they want their money back?
4. In what conditions are all the essential services on which we depend?
5. Why do companies invite people to lend money to them or take a share in the business?
短文2（12.5分）
Like street–corner prophets proclaiming that the end is near, scientists who study the earth’s atmosphere have been issuing predictions of impending doom for the past few years without offering any concrete proof. So far even the experts have had to admit that no solid evidence has emerged that this is anything but a natural phenomenon. And the uncertainty has given skeptics—especially Gingrichian politicians—plenty of ammunition to argue against taking the difficult, expensive steps required to stave off a largely hypothetical calamity.
Until now, a draft report currently circulating on the Internet asserts that the global-temperature rise can now be blamed, at least in part, on human activity. Statements like this have been made before by individual researchers—who have been criticized for going too far beyond the scientific consensus. But this report comes from the International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), a respected UN-sponsored body made up of more than 1,500 leading climate experts from 60 nations.
This shift in scientific consensus is based not so much on new data as on improvements in the complex computer models that climatologists use to test their theories. Unlike chemists or molecular biologists, climate experts have no way to do lab experiments on their specialty. So they simulate them on supercomputers and look at what happens when human-generated gases —carbon dioxide from industry and auto exhaust, methane from agriculture, chlorofluoro-carbon from leaky refrigerators and spray cans— are pumped into the model’s virtual atmospheres.
Until recently, the computer models weren’t working very well. When the scientists tried to simulate what they believe has been happening over the past century or so, the results didn’t mesh with reality; the models said the world should now be warmer than it actually is. The reason is that the computer models had been overlooking an important factor affecting global temperatures; sulfur dioxide that are produced along with CO2 when fossil fuels are burned in cars and power plants. Aerosols actually cool the planet by blocking sunlight and mask the effects of global warming.
Once the scientist factored in aerosols, their models began looking more like the real world. The improved performance of the simulations was demonstrated in 1991, when they successfully predicted temperature changes in the aftermath of the massive Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines. A number of studies since have added to the scientists’ confidence that they finally know what they’re talking about—and can predict what may happen if green house gases continue to be pumped into the atmosphere unchecked.
1. Why can’t scientists and experts offer any concrete proof of impending doom?
2. What does a current draft report on the Internet confirm?
3. How do climate experts do lab experiments on their specialty?
4. What important factor mentioned in paragraph four can also affects global temperatures?
5. The simulated computer models are proved reliable when__________.

二、 英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共45分）
短文1（20分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一）
A In the 21st century the Asian region will become the biggest consumer of primary energy resources. Centers of new economic growth emerging here will draw energy resources, mainly from the neighboring regions. The region’s economic growth and energy security reasons lead to stepping up the countries’ efforts to set up energy supply system of the Asian-Pacific Region, North-East Asia inclusive.
Technologically reliable, economically sustainable and ecologically safe energy supply of the region is impossible without the corresponding development of energy and energy transportation infrastructure. It requires the appropriate countries to join efforts and step up co-operation on mutually advantageous basis, to jointly implement the most effective decisions both technologically and costwise, to develop new partnership relations between governments, industry and consumers of services that are provided by energy and energy transportation systems.
Russia’s geopolitic situation and availability of considerable reserves of fuel and energy resources in Eastern Siberia and Russia’s Far East, as well as potential possibilities of their export to Asian Pacific Region, pre-determine the role of Russia in forming sustainable energy supply in this region. A major export strategy trend of the Russian fuel and energy sector is to enter the APR markets.
Special place in Russia’s energy policy is assigned to the development of Eastern Siberia and Far East and exploitation of their rich energy resources.

B The winning, production, transport and refining of oil can be hazardous. The first thing which should be taken into consideration is the terrible flammability of petroleum and petroleum products. All hydrocarbons that boil at less than 250℃ are volatile; i.e., at normal temperatures they will produce, or exist at, vapor. Together with air, this vapor can easily form a mixture which is explosive within the limits of proportion, just one spark, in the wrong place at the wrong time, and lives may be lost. For this reason, oil companies provide detailed safety regulations concerning the use of lights, smoking materials. Welding equipment, etc, and employees who do not obey these regulations run the added risk of being dismissed.
Petroleum is frequently won under physical conditions which can endanger the workers involved. The workers who are most vulnerable are those who are inexperienced or untrained, but even old hands may be seriously injured in a moment of carelessness. Oily and muddy floors, fast moving items of equipment, high-powered tools and sudden overhead hazards all demand constant alertness, especially in the extreme conditions of such places as Siberia or the North Sea. Extremes must also be considered relative to the upper working limits of machinery such as power units, pumps and compressors.

短文2（25分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一）
A In the process of exploitation, minor mistakes can have serious results arising from drilling tools, mud fluid cementing and well completion job. The information’s real-time transmission is especially important in where the transport is inconvenient such as the desert, the Gobi or the ocean. The traditional telephone report and daily fax can’t reflect the oil field’s dynamic information exactly, which may delay to control complex accidents. There must be some reforms in the communication between the local and the headquarters. For the subjective and objective reasons, the level of information technology in drilling engineering is far behind other industries. It is the general trends to build up the real time information transfer system integrating the data acquisition, transfer and processing. At present, computer and network technologies are developing rapidly which makes the commercial productions become more perfect and effective. All of these are the dependable guarantee to realize high effective and credible oil field information network system.
The IT offers a good chance to improve exploitation efficiency and decrease the cost. Drilling and completion in the upstream of petroleum industries is a high venture, high investment, capital and technology denseness project; in order to achieve the ultimate aim of speediness, safety, low cost and environment protection, each phase in the oil field exploitation should be optimized and harmonized. In the process of oil field development, we can transfer the well site information to the base for making out instructive decision to guide the drilling and completion engineers.

B Petroleum was formed by nature in very ancient times. Most of the petroleum that oilmen drill for was formed between 20 and 500 million years ago. Outside of the petroleum industry, many people believe that oil and gas are contained in large under-ground lakes or caves. This belief is, of course, false. Petroleum is contained in the pores of reservoir rocks, rather in the same way that water is contained in the pores of a sponge. The most common reservoir rocks. Sedimentary rocks may be porous and permeable to oil, gas, and water. They can therefore act as reservoir rocks.
Places where oil has reached the surface are called ‘seeps’ or ‘shows’. In Trinidad in the West Indies there are a number of active seeps. Notice the cap rock at the top of each trap. Cap rock is nonporous and impermeable to the fluids below. Therefore, underground pressure cannot force the reservoir fluids through the cap rock and up to the surface.
How do oilmen know where to drill. That’s the job, generally, of the petroleum geologist. He can use the results of aerial and seismic surveys to get information about rock features beneath the surface. Rocks at the surface also supply information, and fossils can help him to calculate the age of the rocks.
The term “trap” was first applied to a hydrocarbon accumulation by Orton: “stocks of oil and gas might be trapped in the summits of folds or arches found along their way to higher ground”.

三、 汉译英（将下列句子、段落译成英语，共30分）
1. 句子翻译（10分）
（1）从另一方面说，可供选择的替代燃料也有其缺陷。
（2）我们利用变化取得优势，而且我们本身也变成变化过程的一部分。
（3）世界各国政府都认为，人民的福利主要依赖于本国的经济实力和财富。
（4）由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

2. 段落翻译（10分）
技术对我们生活的影响值得作深入的研究。几乎没有什么技术成就比计算机革命对我们的生活产生的影响更大。科学家和工程师已经设计出专门的机器，这些机器能够承担那些以前只有人能够承担的任务。
3. 段落翻译（10分，A、B两段，只翻译一段，任选其一）
A 南美地区是石油资源丰富的地区之一，随着勘探的不断深入，还会有更多的储量发现，随着各种石油技术的进步，原油产量会大幅度提高。发展同南美地区石油贸易关系是中国石油安全的需要，今后15年必将得到发展。

B 世界上大部分石油都出现在600~3000米的深度范围内。天然气的埋藏深度一般比油层的埋藏深度要大，而且在较高温度下，其稳定性要比石油好。而且在某些情况下，天然气也可能成为主要产品。

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