雅思试卷问题类型.doc

雅思出题方式大解密！（上）
编辑点评： 剑桥雅思的出题方式，了解了考官的心理，做题定然锦上添花。
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一直以来，雅思试题背后的各种故事都是考生津津乐道的话题，对于多年浸淫考试文化的数十万中国考生而言，任何有关试题的内幕都是绝对不可放过的异宝 奇珍，无不想观之而后快。这其中，剑桥官方如何从无到有“变出”白纸黑字的雅思试题这一试卷开发流程更像是一位蒙着神秘面纱的美女，分外迷人却难睹真容。 今天，笔者就带领大家走进这位“美女”——雅思试卷开发流程，揭开她身上的神秘面纱。
首先来看一张图表。

这 就是今天的主题：雅思试卷开发流程。很清楚，从Commissioning of Material for Question Papers直至Live Test Release，该过程主要涉及9大基本环节，而在Pre-editing and Editing of Material以及Pretest Review两个阶段则各存在一次“检定”——通过则继续，否则弃之或推倒重来（Rejection or Revision of Material）。具体而言，雅思考题从无到有这一步步走来经过了哪些波折？接下来就为大家分别做一解读。
Commissioning of Material for Question Papers: 委托编选试题素材
There are one or two commissions each year for each of our item writing teams. These feed material into the question paper production process. To reflect the international nature of IELTS, test material is written by trained groups of item writers in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand and the USA and is drawn from publications sourced anywhere in the world. Overall test content is the responsibility of both externally commissioned language testing professionals – the chairs for each of the Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking sub-tests – and of Cambridge ESOL staff.
Item writers work from test specifications. These specifications detail the characteristics of the IELTS sub-tests, outline the requirements for commissions and guide writers in how to approach the item writing process including selecting appropriate material; developing suitable items and submitting material for pre-editing and editing.
解读：雅思考试每年有1到2次试题素材的委托编选，材料的选择体现了雅思考试的国际性， 既有来自英国、澳大利亚、新西兰及美国的专业编写人员根据考试要求完成的文章，也有从全球范围内遴选的出版物。负责人员既有对外委托的语言测试专家（他们 将担任听说读写四个分项测试开发团队的负责人），也来自剑桥考试委员会自身。
Pre-editing and Editing of Material: 试题编写
Pre-editing is the first stage of the editing process and takes place when commissioned materials are initially submitted in draft form by item writers. A meeting is held involving chairs and Cambridge ESOL staff to review the material.
The purpose of pre-editing is to ensure that test material is appropriate in terms of:
>>点击查看雅思考试专题，阅读更多相关文章！
• topic
• topicality
• level of language
• suitability for the task
• length
• focus of text
• style of writing
• focus of task
• level of task.
At this stage, guidance is given to item writers on revising items and altering texts for resubmission. This is seen as an important element in item writer training and advice is also offered on any rejected texts and unsuitable item types.
Following pre-editing feedback, material is completed and submitted for editing. Editing takes place at meetings involving Cambridge ESOL staff and chairs. Item writers are encouraged to participate in editing meetings dealing with their material. This is seen as another important part of their ongoing training.
At editing, texts and selected items are approved for pretesting or are sent back to a writer for further revision. Revised material is then re-edited at a subsequent meeting.
解读：雅思试题编写实际分为预 编写和正式编写两个步骤。听说读写每个单项组负责人与剑桥工作人员之间首先将进行一次编辑会议，就试题素材的题材、时效性、语言难度、长度、文体等9大方 面进行商讨，确定其是否适合用于试题编写；接下来，试题编写团队得到指令，正式开始题目编写及素材改编，在此期间编辑会议将不断进行。
Pretest Construction: 生成先期测试题
Pretesting: 进行先期测试
IELTS pretests are very similar to the tests that will be used in live administrations. The tasks are in their final form including task rubrics (instructions) and examples. Listening pretests are professionally recorded to ensure that they are of acceptable quality. Listening and Reading pretests are administered to IELTS candidates at selected centres or to prospective candidates on IELTS preparation courses. The pretests are marked at Cambridge ESOL and statistically analysed. Writing and Speaking pretests are administered to representative samples of candidates to assess the appropriateness of this material for use in live tests, and to establish that the tasks are capable of eliciting an adequate sample of language to allow for the assessment of candidates against the scoring criteria.
解读：一旦编写工作初步完成，先期测试题就将生成并进行现场测试以检验试题是否达到标准。先期测试题和实际的考试用题非常相似，其中听读两个部分会在选定的考点或正参加雅思备考课程的潜在考生中进行，而说和写则通过代表性的考生样本群体来测试，为试题效果分析提供数据。
（未完待续）
剑6Test2听力Section1解析【雅思真题】
剑6解析：
题目见剑桥雅思6，第二套试题，听力Section 1部分：
SECTION 1 篇章结构
题型：填空题，表格填空题
考查技能：听出具体信息
场景：关于博物馆营业时间及服务范围的电话咨询
场景背景介绍
本节对话中涉及一家叫Synmouth的博物馆为顾客提供的服务和为当地居民组织的活动。在英国的大小城市中都有各种各样的博物馆，其中绝大多数是免费的。因此，在英国读书和生活期间应该好好利用这些资源。
本节必备词汇、词组
craft n.手工艺
glue n.胶水
accompany v.陪伴，伴随
decoration n.装饰
adult n.成人
cavern n.大洞穴
label v.标注，加标签
splash v.泼，溅
词汇拓展
sample n.标本，样品
buildup 建立，培养
reservation n.预定
willing heart 积极的心态
in advance 提前
文本及疑难解析
1. A friend of a friend mentioned them—the children do painting and make models and so forth.
一个朋友的朋友提到过，孩子们在那里可以画画、做模型等。
2. Well, all ages from five upwards are welcome, though we do ask that children below eight years of age are accompanied by an adult.
5岁以上的都可以，但我们要求8岁以下的孩子有成人陪同。
3. And I do need to tell you there's a security entrance, so you need to press the green button for someone to let you in.
我得告诉你，这里的进出有安全系统，你必须按一下绿色按钮叫人放你进来。
这里的let you in可以是本身就在房间内的人带你进来或者是前台管理员让你进来。
4. We're driving in from out of town.
我们从市外开车进入市内。
5. Your best bet is to leave your car at the back of the library.
你最好把车停在图书馆后面。
这里的bet指“选择”，是口语表达法。
6. Should I have rang them instead the main museum number?
我本应该给他们打电话而不是打到总机，是吗？
7. This involves quite a bit of glue.
这会用到很多胶水。
题目解析
本节1～5题没有难度，根据“所听即所得”原则，答案很容易得出。
6～10题所有核心词在原文中都做到了重现。
听力Section2
剑6Test2听力Section2解析【雅思真题】
所属专题：雅思听力下载 来源：新东方 要点：剑六听力真题 收藏
编辑点评： 本节对话涉及如何才能买到更便宜的火车票，以及头等车厢和普通车厢在服务方面的差别。在英国上学如果有一张young person card，在任何时候买火车票都能便宜1/3。如果能够提前两周甚至更早订票，则会有更多相应的优惠。
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题目见剑桥雅思6，第二套试题，听力Section 2部分：
Section2篇章结构
题型：填空，表格填空，多项选择
考查技能：听出具体信息
场景：电话咨询火车运营时间
场景背景介绍
本节对话涉及如何才能买到更便宜的火车票，以及头等车厢和普通车厢在服务方面的差别。在英国上学如果有一张young person card，在任何时候买火车票都能便宜1/3。如果能够提前两周甚至更早订票，则会有更多相应的优惠。另外，单程票和往返票的价钱相差不多；头等车厢中还提供餐饮服务。
本节必备词汇、词组
leaflet n.宣传单
excursion n.游览，短途旅行
commuter line 月票线
surround v.围绕
buffet car （火车）餐车
acclaim v.喝彩，欢呼，称赞
refreshments n.茶点，便餐，饮料
climbing wall 攀岩壁
open ticket 不限时间的票
aquarium n.水族馆
discount n./v.打折，优惠
anticipate v.期待，热望
fascinating adj.迷人的，醉人的
词汇拓展
brochure n.小册子
gymnasium n.体育馆
brunch n.早午餐
magnificent adj.壮丽的
cramped adj.拥挤的
marine adj.海洋的
energetic adj.精力充沛的
platform n.站台
expense n.开销
spectacular adj.壮观的
gallery n.画廊
sunscreen n.太阳伞
文本及疑难解析
1. Well, I can give you lots of details about all the trains going from Trebirch in the South West.
我可以给你很多关于从西南的Trebirch发车的详细信息。
2. They leave Trebirch every half hour on weekdays and every hour at weekends.
从Trebirch出发的车周一至周五每半小时一趟，周末每小时一趟。
3. Only a certain number are available and you have to make seat reservations for these.
只有少数车次的车票有折扣，而且你必须提前预订。
因为数量非常有限，一般只有尽早订票，才能够买到比较便宜的车票。上火车时，你手中的座位号对应的位置会贴着一张reserved标签，而且不可以换座位。
4. Your children will find it just as fascinating as any theme park and they can ride in the original miners’ lifts and on the coal trains.
你的孩子会觉得这（Merthyr Mining Museum）和主题公园一样令人兴奋，而且他们还可以坐那些煤矿工人使用的电梯和运送煤矿的火车。
5. Alternatively, you can be in Birmingham in only an hour and a half, where there's lots to see and do including the new and internationally-acclaimed climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium.
或者，你可以在伯明翰待一个半小时，那里有很多可以观光的地方，也有很多可以做的事情，比如你可以到老水族馆旧址去看看新建的、得到国际赞誉的攀岩墙。
本句在上下文中是指到布里斯托尔的火车如果在伯明翰中转停留的话，价钱会更便宜。为了说服购票者，售票方经常会以本句内容当作说辞。
题目解析
11～14题为填空题。
11题注意替换原文中的regional和题干中的local。12题题干中的national在原文中重现，本题没有难度。13题出现混淆性信息，离站时间分为weekdays和weekends，题目中问的是each day during the week。14题核心词出现在答案之后，如果注意力不集中很容易错过答案。
15～17题为表格填空。
l5题的special出现后有答案。16题原文中强调了advance，之后提到的是题目中给出的至少提前6天。17题没有难度。
18～20题对应一个题干，只要能听明白原文中的意思就能够判断除。
C、D、G以外的信息均为混淆信息。火车站工作人员用这些地方和当地可看的景点进行比较。注意听题时反应要快。
>>点击查看雅思听力下载专题，阅读更多相关文章！
剑6Test2听力Section3解析【雅思真题】
所属专题：雅思听力下载 来源：新东方 要点：剑六听力真题 收藏
编辑点评： 本节中的对话发生在学生Sandy和她的个人辅导老师之间。讨论的内容从论文的数据分析，使用软件到参考书目及章节题目的设定。在英国大学中，每个学生都会有个人辅导老师，在学习或生活中的任何问题都可以寻求辅导老师的帮助。
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剑6解析：
题目见剑桥雅思6，第二套试题，听力Section 3部分：
SECTION 3篇章结构
题型：表格填空
考查技能：听出具体信息
场景：论文
场景背景介绍
本节中的对话发生在学生Sandy和她的个人辅导老师之间。讨论的内容从论文的数据分析，使用软件到参考书目及章节题目的设定。在英国大学中，每个学生都会有个人辅导老师，在学习或生活中的任何问题都可以寻求辅导老师的帮助。一些中国学生在学习方面遇到的压力和问题比较多，比如论文的写作方式、结构以及自己做独立论文的方法。此时可以尝试先征求导师的意见，否则可能在第一次写论文时得不到理想的分数。
本节必备词汇、词组
dissertation n.论文
discipline n.知识领域；（尤指大学的）学科、科目
tutorial n.导师辅导
target n.目标
loan n.借出，贷款
analysis n.分析
statistics n.数据
catalogue n.目录
draft v.打草稿
survey n.调查
embark v.着手
词汇拓展
abbreviation n.缩写
drawback n.缺点
handwriting n.书写
paperclips n.纸夹子
historian n.历史学家
paperwork n.报告
manilla folder 牛皮纸文件夹
plagiarism n.抄袭
margin n.书页边的空白处；利润
pledge v.保证
marketplace n.市场
practical adj.现实的
memo n.便笺，备忘录
precision n.精确度
methodology n.方法（学）
pressure n.压力
observation n.观察
professor n.教授
opportunity n.机遇
proficiency n.熟练
overflow n.溢满
protection n.保护
critical adj.批判式的
reflective adj.熟虑的；反光的
criticize v.批评
representative adj.具代表性的
deadline n.最后期限
reproduce v.再生
decoration n.装饰
respondent n.受访者
demanding adj.有难度的
responsibility n.责任
domesticate v.使本土化
roundabout adj.曲折的
文本及疑难解析
1. How have you been getting on with you dissertation?
你的论文写得怎么样了？
How have you been…是口语中经常使用的问别人某事最近进展如何的说法。
2. Do you want to talk me through what you've done?
你是否想跟我说说你都做了些什么？
talk sb. through指“把……给……人说一遍”；
talk sth. through，指“把……给串一遍”。
3. But I also thought it'd be worthwhile talking to a lecture.
我也觉得和导师谈一下是非常值得的。
be worthwhile doing sth.意为“值得做……”。
4. She's the new Head.
她是新的主管。
5. I'd say your first two sections are spot on.
我觉得你的前两个部分非常切题。
spot on可以用来形容人的想法非常好，说到了重点上。
6. Well，short and to the point.
简洁并且切题。
7. I would aim for the end of term.
我的目标是在期末时完成。
aim for sth./aim to do sth.目标是……
题目解析
本节所有的题目均为表格填空题。
事实上表格填空题在雅思考试中是相对简单的题型，因为大量的信息在表格中都已经给出，需要做的是利用表格中的信息定位答案，题目答案一般按原文中的叙述顺序给出。21～30题基本没有难度。26题要注意大小写，其余题目都有核心词提示。
>>点击查看雅思听力下载专题，阅读更多相关文章！
剑6Test1口语Part2真题及解析 【雅思真题】
所属专题：雅思口语考试 来源：新东方 要点：雅思剑6口语真题 收藏
编辑点评： 剑6第一套试题口语部分Part 2真题:Describe someone in your family who you like.how this person is related to you？what this person looks like?what kind of person he/she is?explain why you like this person.
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剑6第一套试题口语部分Part 2真题:
You will have to talk about the topic for one to two minutes.
You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.
You can make some notes to help you if you wish.
Describe someone in your family who you like.
You should say:
how this person is related to you?
what this person looks like?
what kind of person he/she is?
explain why you like this person.
剑6第一套试题口语部分Part 2解析:
考官给考生一张话题卡(Cue Card)。考生有1分钟准备时间，并可以做笔记。之后考生要做1～2分钟的陈述。考生讲完后，考官会就考生的阐述内容提一两个相关问题，由考生做简要回答。
点题：I guess off the top of my head I would say my older brother is someone who I really like.
外貌和特质：Although he is five years older than I am, he will always be my hero. He is pretty tall and thin although he eats quite a bit. He is one of those people that can eat what they want and not gain any weight. He is pretty athletic and loves to run and play football and row boats, and just pretty much challenges himself to succeed in any sport. You should see when he jumps how high he gets in the air.
原因: Even though he is a good sportsman, there are other qualities that I admire about him, for instance, he is also a good student and gets good grades in school. I think that's because he is the older brother he feels he has to set a good example. I know that my brother is not perfect and he has his faults but I still admire just everything about him. One thing that I really like about him is that he is loving and kind and considerate of others’ feelings. When he got married I was his best man and had a very good time at the wedding, but at the same time it was hard to let him go, knowing that now he was going to have different responsibilities, and I wasn't going to see him that much. All in all, I have many good memories of my older brother and we still see each other now and again and are able tocatch up on what is happening in each other's life.
off the top of my head马上想到
best man伴郎
athletic喜欢运动的
now and again有时
set a good example做个好榜样
catch up on补做某事
considerate of others’ feelings考虑他人的感受
>>点击查看雅思口语考试专题
剑6Test1口语Part3真题及解析【雅思真题】
所属专题：雅思考试真题 来源：新东方 要点：剑六口语真题 收藏
编辑点评： 剑6第一套试题口语部分Part 3真题: In what ways can people in a family be similar to each other?Do you think that daughters are always more similar to mothers than to male relatives?
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剑6第一套试题口语部分Part 3真题:
Family similarities
In what ways can people in a family be similar to each other?
Do you think that daughters are always more similar to mothers than to male relatives?
What about sons and fathers?
In terms of personality, are people more influenced by their family or by their friends? In what ways?
Genetic research
Where can people in your country get information about genetic research?
How do people in your country feel about genetic research?
Should this research be funded by governments or private companies? Why?
剑6第一套试题口语部分Part 3解析:
考官与考生围绕由第二部分引申出来的一些比较抽象的话题进行讨论。第三部分的话题是对第二部分提示卡内容的深化和拓展。
Family similarities
1. In what ways can people in a family be similar to each other?
Well, there are many ways that people in a family are similar. One way is that they have the same blood; they are all related to each other physically. I think that the other way they are similar is that they live with each other, so they begin to pick up habits and traits that each other has. They can begin to talk alike and react in the same ways.
2. Do you think that daughters are always more similar to mothers than to male relatives? What about sons and fathers?
Daughters and mothers are naturally closer to each other just because they are of the same sex. They just seem to understand each other better than a father would. Of course there are things about their mothers that some daughters do not want to be like, but usually they are able to come to grips with this issue and develop close bonds. A father and a son can be close; a lot depends on how much time a father is able to spend with his son and how much respect they are able to show to each other.
come to grips with处理，解决
close bonds亲密的联系
3. In terms of personality, are people more influenced by their family or by their friends? In what ways?
Well, of course people's personalities are influenced first by their families, and then later on, when they are attending school, they are much more influenced by their friends.
Genetic research
1.Where can people in your country get information about genetic research?
I suppose, like in most countries, if you want information about anything, the place to look would be on the Internet. You start your search there and see where it takes you. Genetic research is not the kind of thing that you might find at the comer store in any neighborhood.
genetic research基因研究
2.How do people in your country feel about genetic research?
Well, I don't kn