1、必修一Unit 1ANNES BEST FRIENDDo you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her best friend. Anne li
2、ved in Amsterdam in Netherlands during Would War.Her family was Jewish so they had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazi .She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said ,”I dont want to
3、 set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ,but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty .”Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942.Thursday 15th June 1944Dear Kitty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors
4、 for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was here.For example, one evening when it was so warm, I st
5、ayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didnt go downstairs until the window had t
6、o be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.SadlyI am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. its no pleasure looking
7、through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Your,AnneFriday, 10 July 1942When we arrived at Prinsengracht, we went quickly upstairs and the hiding place. We closed the door behind us and we were alone. Margot had come faster on her bicycle and already waiting
8、 for us. All the rooms were full of boxes. They lay on the floor and the beds. The little room was filled with bedclothes. We had to start clearing up at once, if we wished to sleep in comfortable beds that night. Mummy and Margot were not able to help. They were tired and lay down on their beds. Bu
9、t Daddy and I, the two “helper” of the family, started at once. The whole day we unpacked the boxes, filled the cupboards and tidied, until we were extremely tired. We did sleep in clean beds that night. We hadnt had any warm food to eat all day, but we didnt care. Mummy and Margot were too tired an
10、d worried to eat, and Daddy and I were too busy.FRIENDSHIP IN HAWAIIEvery culture has its own ways to show friendship. On the islands of Hawaii, friendship is part of the “aloha spirit”. In the language of the Hawaiians who first settled the islands long ago, aloha had a very special meaning. That i
11、s “to be with happiness”. Hawaiians believe that once somebody loves the land, they are ready to love their people or community. This is the second most import sign of friendship. It is called lokahi in Hawaiian language, which means “oneness with all people”. To enjoy the land you should not be sel
12、fish. The land is for everyone who lives on it. Today many different people call Hawaii their home. Indeed, Hawaii is a place where people make one big community from many smaller communities. Each person gives kokua (help) to other people so that all fell stronger. Its believed that the islands can
13、 be a paradise when the people live in peace. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. When problems happen, people are asked to solve them with understanding. So when people of Hawaii talk about ohana (family), they are really talking about all tho
14、se who live on the islands. Living in peace, Hawaiians have developed a third sign of friendship. This personal friendship is shown by giving leis to one another. The lie, a string of flowers, is put over a friends neck. Then the friend is given a kiss on cheek. Visitors to the islands are also give
15、n lies. When they hear aloha, visitors begin to feel at home. Aloha also means “goodbye”, so visitors will hear it again when they leave. It can also mean “our hearts singing together”. Perhaps this is how most visitors will remember their new friendship.Unit 2THE ROAD TO MODERN ENGLISHAt the end of
16、 the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English begin to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak
17、English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. Look at this kind of example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. Id like to come up to your apartme
18、nt. So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different the English spoken today. It was based more on German than the English we sp
19、eak at present. Then gradually between about AD800 to 1150, English became less like germen because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider
20、 vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to American. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too. English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelli
21、ng happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a ver
22、y large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. during that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning Engli
23、sh in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.STANDARD ENGLISH AND DIALECTSWhat is standard English? Is it spoken in Britain, the US, Canada, Australia, India and New Zealand? Beli
24、eve it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. However, on TV and the radio you will hear diff
25、erences in the way people speak. When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”, it is called a dialect. American English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from neighb
26、ouring towns speak a little differently. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world. Geography also plays a part in making dialects. Some people who live in the mountains of the eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. When Americans moved
27、from one place to another, they took their dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialects as people in the northwestern USA. The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. Although many Americans move a lot, they
28、still recognize and understand each others dialects.THE OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARYYou may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. The spelling of English has always been a problem but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. Then people could spell wo
29、rd in different ways which you might find it interesting. But it made reading English much more difficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasnt made项目名称: XXXXXX农产品批发市场 改扩建项目资金申请报告建设单位:XXXX公司编写单位:XXX工程
30、咨询有限公司编写日期: XXXXXX农产品批发市场改扩建项 目 资 金 申 请 报 告目录第一章 总 论51.1 项目名称51.2 项目承办单位概况51.3 资金申请报告编制依据51.4 项目概况61.5 资金申请报告结论81.6 申请国家补助资金的主要理由和政策依据8第二章 项目立项依据102.1 项目的背景和意义102.1.1 项目背景102.1.2 项目意义112.2 项目建设的必要性11第三章 项目可行性分析与产业化发展关联度133.1 可行性分析133.1.1 农产品市场成熟度分析133.1.2 项目承担企业条件143.2 产业关联度分析143.2.1 对农产品市场发展的作用143.
31、2.2 对“菜篮子工程”发展的作用143.2.3 对农民创收的作用153.2.4 对农产品企业的作用153.2.5 对区域经济发展的作用15第四章 建设规模与内容164.1 项目建设内容164.2 项目建成后拟达到的交易规模和检验检测样本数量16第五章 场址选择185.1 场址所在位置现状185.2 场址建设条件19第六章 建设方案236.1 总体规划236.2 主体建筑工程236.3 市场信息系统和检验检测系统236.4 设备方案256.5 工程方案276.6 配套设施28第七章 节能317.1 项目能耗分析317.2 节能、节水分析317.3 节能措施337.4 节水措施33第八章 环境保
32、护348.1 场址环境质量现状348.2 项目建设和运营对环境的影响348.3 环境保护措施388.4 环境保护结论40第九章 劳动安全卫生与消防429.1 劳动安全卫生429.2 消防42第十章 组织机构与人力资源配置4410.1 组织机构4410.2人力资源配置45第十一章 项目实施进度46第十二章 项目招标4712.1 编制依据4712.2招标投标的基本原则4712.3 招标内容4812.4招标方案48第十三章 投资估算及资金筹措5213.1 投资估算依据及说明5213.2 建设投资估算5313.4 项目总投资估算5413.5 资金筹措方案5513.6 资金落实情况56第十四章 财务分析
33、与经济评价5714.1 评价说明5714.2 经营费用5714.3 营业收入的估算5714.5 敏感性分析5914.6 项目风险分析5914.7 财务评价结论60第十五章 社会效益分析61第十六章 项目存在的风险及应对措施6316.1 项目面临的主要风险6316.2 风险程度分析6416.3 防范和降低风险措施65第十七章 结论与建议67附 件68第一章 总 论1.1 项目名称XXXXXX农产品批发市场改扩建项目。1.2 项目承办单位概况单位名称:XX公司地 址:XXX东风路10号1.3 资金申请报告编制依据(1)建设项目环境保护管理条例1998年11月29日日国务院令;(2)建设项目环境保护
34、设计规定(87)国环字第002号;(3)关于做好2010年中央投资计划草案编报和中央投资项目储备工作的通知(发改投资【2009】1425号);(4)关于做好2010年中央投资计划草案编报和中央投资项目储备工作的通知(粤发改投资【2009】1456号);(5)农产品批发市场中央预算内投资专项资金(国债)项目建设的实施意见(发改经贸【2004】927号)(6)关于做好2010年流通领域中央投资项目储备工作的通知(广东省发展改革委经贸处【2009】)(7)关于XXXXXX农产品批发市场项目的批复(龙发改【2009】121号);(8)关于XXXXXX农产品综合批发市场建设用地审核意见(X国土资(规保)
35、字【2009】21号);(9)关于印发经济评估方法的通知及附件(中国国际工程咨询公司:咨经199811号);(10)农产品批发市场建设与管理指南农市发200410号(11)工程建设标准强制性条文2002版(12)商店建筑设计规范JGJ48-88(13)建筑工程抗震设防分类标准GB50223-2004(14)建筑桩基技术规范JGJ94-94(15)公用建筑节能设计标准GB50189-2005(16)国家发改委、建设部发布的建设项目经济评价方法与参数(第三版);(17)国家计委发布的投资项目可行性研究指南(试用版)。(18)项目建设单位提供的有关基础数据、资料。1.4 项目概况1.4.1 改扩建地
36、点项目位于XXX新城开发区3号小区(水贝狸猫洗面地段),土地为XXX附城镇XX村村委会留用地,现租赁给XXX公司使用,详见租地合同。1.4.2主要建设内容与规模 XXXXXX农产品批发市场改扩建项目用地面积29017.42平方米,建筑占地面积11362.81平方米,总建筑面积23536.25平方米,总投资5379.83万元,其中建设投资5293.43万元,建设期利息86.40万元,主要包括以下建设内容:1、蔬菜肉类市场,建筑面积2825.41平方米;2、干货市场,建筑面积3697.00平方米;3、水果市场,建筑面积6019.75平方米;4、家禽市场,建筑面积3441.26平方米;5、农贸市场,
37、建筑面积4079.27平方米;6、小商品市场,建筑面积2923.56平方米7、市场信息系统和检验检测系统配套建筑,550.00平方米。1.4.3 各项建设条件落实情况1、XXXXXX农产品批发市场改扩建项目场址是XXX附城镇XX村村委会留用地,位于新城经济开发区3号小区,该宗土地目前已办理有编号为X地规字(93)32号的建设用地规划许可证。2、该项目已通过县发改委的核准立项,并取得环评批复。3、项目建设资金总投资5379.83万元,企业自筹资金3379.83万元,已下达投资2000万元,贷款部分2000万元已获银行同意并与银行签订了贷款意向书,资金来源有保障。4、项目建设单位资金雄厚,具有房地
38、产开发资质及经验,旗下有一支经验丰富的施工和管理队伍,为项目的实施提供了保障。本项目是县委、县政府招商引资重点项目之一,享受XXX招商引资的相关优惠政策,得到XXX相关部门的大力支持。1.4.4 项目投入总资金及效益情况项目总投资5379.83万元,其中建设投资5293.43万元,建设期贷款利息86.40万元。资金来源于企业自筹3379.83万元,申请银行贷款2000万元。项目建成后经营期期预计每年可实现营业收入720万元以上,项目投资回收期为14.38年,财务内部收益率为15.95,财务净现值为212.25万元。1.4.5主要技术经济指标表1-1 主要经济技术指标表项 目单 位指 标总用地面
39、积平方米29017.42建筑占地面积平方米11362.81总建筑面积平方米23536.25其中蔬菜肉类市场平方米2825.41干货市场平方米3697.00水果市场平方米6019.75家禽市场平方米3441.26农贸市场平方米4079.27小商品市场平方米2923.56市场信息系统与检验检测系统配套建筑平方米550.00容积率0.81建筑密度39.16%绿化面积平方米4238.00 绿地率15%建筑栋数栋10建筑层数层21.5 资金申请报告结论本项目用地属XXX附城镇XX村村委会留用地,原为水贝农贸市场。因原市场规模小,设施简陋落后,管理不规范,不能满足作为粤北地区交通枢纽(XXX火车站是华南地
40、区最大的编组站)的XXX城农产品批发流通需要。为完善XXX农产品批发市场,提高农产品批发集散能力,故拟拆除原旧市场,在原址进行改扩建。本项目建成后,XXX将整合农产品市场,把XXX城分散的农产品交易集中起来,并吸引周边农产品到XX市场集散,扩大交易量,形成集农产品的储藏、加工、运输、配送、批发、销售为一体的上规模经营,配备现代化的市场信息系统和检验检测系统,保障农产品质量,提高管理水平,促进XXX农产品流通,加快XXX经济发展。本项目符合国家产业政策、行业发展规划及地方的发展需要,建设及经营条件成熟,社会和经济效益显著;开发公司管理规范,资金实力雄厚,能够保证该项目顺利实施。所以,本项目建设条
41、件成熟,经济上合理,项目建设是必要的、可行的。 1.6 申请国家补助资金的主要理由和政策依据本项目依托XXX良好的自然和资源条件,项目完成后,将建成一个集农产品的储藏、加工、运输、配送、批发、销售为一体的批发市场。XXX2008年全县现货农产品种植面积年84.2万亩,水产品、畜禽产品、水果等农产品达到40万吨以上。原水贝农产品批发市场(现名为XXXXXX农产品批发市场)是全县农副产品的集散地,其交易量达7.1亿元/年,约占全县农产品总量的35%,项目的实施将为农产品批发交易提供更大的交易平台,对促进XXX农产品乃至华南地区农产品集散起到重要作用。项目符合国家和地区产业发展规划,项目的实施有利于
42、促进和提高XX地区蔬菜、水果、家禽、小商品等农产品产业化经营水平和市场竞争力;有利于降低农产品生产成本,增强XXX农产品的市场竞争力;有利于带动更多农户进行绿色环保农产品的生产,把分散的小生产同国内大市场直接联系起来,创造就业岗位,增加税收。项目的实施对促进农产品市场调整和振兴具有明显的带动作用。项目符合国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要提出的发展方向和目标,是国家重点鼓励发展的项目。项目同时符合关于加快农产品流通设施建设的若干意见支持的方向和流通领域专项资金重点支持的范围。目前项目已经XXX公司立项并开工建设,现已进入基础土建工程阶段,由于前期投资较大和目前经济形势严峻,企业希望在后续项
43、目建设和运营资金方面得到扶持。依据农产品批发市场中央预算内投资专项资金(国债)项目建设的实施意见的通知和关于做好2010年流通领域中央投资项目储备工作的通知以及中央预算内投资补助和贴息项目管理暂行办法(国家发改委第31号令)中的相关要求,本项目申请给予农产品批发市场投资补助资金的扶持,以尽快完成建设和投入经营,满足XXX农产品市场的迫切需求。第二章 项目立项依据2.1 项目的背景和意义2.1.1 项目背景 XXX位于广东省东北部,x江和韩江上游,东连梅州、汕头,西邻韶关,北接江西,南近珠江三角洲。XXX历史悠久,始设于秦始皇33年(公元前214年),至今有2200多年历史,是广东最早立县的四个
44、古邑之一。全县属亚热带季风气候,气候温和,雨水充沛,阳光充足,全县面积3089平方公里,辖25个镇,356个行政村,总人口约90万,海外华侨和港、澳、台同胞32.7万人,其中县城XX镇约有25万人。XXX是XX市的农业大县,2008年全县农业总产值20亿元,至今以来,农产品一直保持强劲的增长势头。但是相对于农产品的发展形势,XXX的农产品流通市场建设落后,在XXX为数不多的农贸市场中,专门为农产品批发服务的市场尚未有。XXX现有市场设施落后,交通不畅,严重阻碍了农产品市场的发展。XXX农产品市场现状及存在问题如下:第一,县内农业快速发展。2002年以来,XXX农业快速发展,一年一个台阶。200
45、8年XXX农林牧渔业总产值20亿元。近年来,县委、县政府积极进行招商引资,大力推进农业产业化,扎实新农村建设,逐步形成基地产业、“三高农业”、特色农业,树立“一镇一品”格局。至今,XXX已成功开发了柿子基地、万亩茶油基地、柑桔基地、毛竹基地、蔬菜基地以及现代生态农业园区等一批畜牧、水产、蔬菜、水果基地,取得了明显经济利益和社会效益。第二,落后的农产品市场建设。XXX农产品交易主要集中在县城区域,目前XXX城约有25万人口,但仅有3个“小、乱、差”的农贸市场,农产品批发市场尚没有,缺乏健全、科学的流通平台,与作为粤东北地区交通枢纽、商品集散地的XX相差甚远。总体而言,XXX内农贸市场建设落后,设
46、备缺乏,导致农产品市场信息收集困难,质量监管受制,阻碍了放心“菜篮子工程”建设,不利于县区农业产业化、集约化发展。故XXX建设一个为农产品储藏、加工、运输、配送、批发、销售服务,与生产力发展相适应的批发市场迫在眉睫。本项目的建成将可以为XXX农产品交易提供一个完善、科学的平台,同时方便市场信息采集,保证农产品质量,促进农产品市场繁荣,推动农产品产业化、集约化建设。2.1.2 项目意义第一,通过项目实施,将直接改善XXX农产品交易市场“小、乱、差”情况,完善XXX农产品批发市场,有利于市场信息采集和质量安全监督管理,推动放心“菜篮子工程” 建设。第二,通过项目实施推动XXX农产品产业化、集约化经
47、营,促进农业的结构调整和升级改造,增强科技创新能力,提高市场竞争力水平,增加农民收入,扎实推进新农村建设,具有显著的社会效益。第三,项目的实施建设可以推动XXX经济发展,项目在建设和经营期间可以创造大约1000多个就业岗位,同时项目的建成可以推动县内农业发展,带动相关产业发展,创造更多的就业机会,促进市场经济繁荣,更有利于促进XX形成成粤东北地区农产品集散基地,发挥交通枢纽的作用。2.2 项目建设的必要性 1、符合国家和地区产业发展规划。中央十一五全国农产品市场体系的建设规划、关于做好2010年流通领域中央投资项目储备工作的通知中,农产品批发市场被列为重点发展领域。XXX是XX市农产品的重要产区之一,大力发展无公害、绿色有机农产品,是XX市农业产业的重点。完善农产品市场等基础设施,推进新农村建设,符合国家和地区产业发展规划。本项目属2010年流通领域中央投资储备项目中的“农产品批发市场”。项目的建成实施将为XXX农产品流通建设做出积极的贡献。2、有利于促进和提高XX地区蔬菜、水果、茶叶、家禽等农产品产业化经营水平和市场竞争力。XX的蔬菜、水果产业已经初具规模,但产业化经营水平还不高,由于市场体系滞后,对外信息不通,