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半导体激光与全身抗生素辅助治疗重度牙周炎的对比研究_宋健.pdf

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1、中国激光医学杂志 2023 年 6 月第 32 卷 第 3 期 Chin J Laser Med Surg,June 2023,Vol 32,No.3半导体激光与全身抗生素辅助治疗重度牙周炎的对比研究宋健1#陈岭1#孙杰森2 于晓华1 邱才卿1*摘要目的全口刮治和根面平整(full-mouth scaling and root planing,FMSRP)后24 h之内,采用波长808 nm半导体激光或全身抗生素的方法治疗重度牙周炎的临床疗效。方法选择2019年1月至2021年10月重度牙周炎患者26例,根据治疗方法不同分为全身用药组(A组)和激光组(B组),每组患者13例,所有患者进行一站式

2、FMSRP前约1周进行洁治和口腔卫生宣教。刮治前行全口每颗牙6个位点的牙周专科检查,包括探诊出血(bleeding on probing,BOP)、牙周探诊深度(periodontal probing depth,PD)、临床附着丧失(clinical attachment loss,CAL)。全口超声结合手工龈下刮治和根面平整24 h之内,A组患者刮治后当天口服甲硝唑和阿莫西林,连续服用7 d;B组患者刮治后即刻进行半导体激光袋内照射,波长808 nm,功率1.5 W,1/4占空比,频率20 Hz每个位点照射时间58 s。两组治疗后3个月复诊,再次行相同的牙周专科检查,比较治疗前后各项指标的

3、变化,以评价两种方法的疗效。结果治疗后3个月,所有患牙PD、CAL、BOP阳性变化均低于治疗前(P0.05)。激光组患者治疗后3个月BOP阳性率明显低于全身用药组(P0.05)。A组1例患者出现药物不良反应,B组患者未发现明显全身及局部不良反应。结论FMSRP后24 h之内应用半导体激光、阿莫西林/甲硝唑治疗广泛型侵袭性牙周炎均可取得较好的临床效果,而激光治疗对于探诊出血位点的止血效果更为显著,应用波长808 nm半导体激光是重度牙周炎基础治疗有效的辅助方法。关键词 全口刮治和根面平整;重度牙周炎;半导体激光;附着丧失中图分类号:R616.4;R781.4+2 文献编码:A 文章编号:1003

4、-9430(2023)03-0140-04Treatment of Severe Periodontitis:Diode Laser vs.Systemic AntibioticsSONG Jian1#,CHEN Ling1#,SUN Jiesen2,YU Xiaohua1,QIU Caiqing1*1.Department of Dentistry,Yantai Hospital of Oral Cavity,Yantai 264000,China 2.Department of Pharmacy,Yantai Hospital of Oral CavityABSTRACTObjective

5、To compare the clinical efficacy to treat severe periodontitis with 808nm semiconductor laser or systemic antibiotics within 论著 DOI:10.13480/j.issn1003-9430.2023.0140基金项目:2021年烟台市重点研发计划(政策引导类)项目(2021YT06000854)作者单位:1.烟台市口腔医院牙周科(烟台市,264000)2.烟台市口腔医院药剂科作者简介:宋健(1990),女,陕西乾县人,主治医师,研究方向为慢性牙周病的临床治疗及教学。#共同

6、第一作者*通信作者140中国激光医学杂志 2023 年 6 月第 32 卷 第 3 期 Chin J Laser Med Surg,June 2023,Vol 32,No.324 hours after full-mouth scaling and root planing(FMSRP).MethodsTotally 26 patients diagnosed with severe periodontitis between Jan.2019 and Jun.2021 were divided into two groups:systemic medication group(Group A

7、)and laser group(Group B),13 patients in each group.All the patients were given oral hygiene education and professional cleaning a week before the FMSRP.A periodontal examination was performed on all teeth at six sites prior to the scaling and root planing,including bleeding on probing(BOP),periodon

8、tal probing depth(PD)and clinical attachment loss(CAL).Within 24 hours of the FMSRP,the patients of Group A were given oral metronidazole and amoxicillin,which was repeated for 7 consecutive days,and those in Group B were treated with 808 nm semiconductor laser immediately after the scaling and root

9、 planing(output power:1.5 W,pulse duration:1/4 duty cycle and frequency:20 Hz).The patients of both groups were followed up and reexamined after 3 months to compare changes in various indicators before and after treatment and evaluate the efficacy of the two methods.ResultsFor all the patients,the P

10、D,CAL and BOP positivity in all affected teeth were much lower 3 months after the treatment than before the treatment(P0.05).In addition,the BOP positivity rate was much lower in Group B than in Group A(P0.05)。治疗后3个月,所有患牙PD、CAL与治疗前比较,均明显降低(P0.05,见表1);两组间比较,PD、CAL差异无统计学意义(P0.05,见表1)。二、两组患者BOP改变治疗前,A组

11、和B组BOP阳性率分别为88.6%、84.5%,两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后 3 个月,A 组和 B 组 BOP 阳性率分别为28.3%、19.2%,明显低于治疗前(P0.05),两组间比较,治疗后3个月激光组患者BOP阳性率明显低于全身用药组(P0.05)。三、不良反应发生情况全身用药组1例患者在服药2 d后出现头晕、恶心等症状,考虑与口服甲硝唑不良反应相关,遂在药师指导下甲硝唑停药1 d后症状好转。激光组患者未见明显全身及局部不良反应发生。讨 论重度牙周炎患者非手术牙周治疗的关键之一是减少或消除龈下菌斑5,龈下刮治与根面平整术(subgingival scaling a

12、nd root planning,SRP)治疗侵袭性牙周炎的长期疗效并不完全成功,因此将治疗的重点放在辅助治疗上,如激光或药物控制6,7。几十年来,经常通过使用辅助手段来增强SRP治疗,如全身或局部应用抗菌药物,效果良好。阿莫西林+甲硝唑联合应用是侵袭性牙周炎患者全身抗生素使用的首选方法,可以减少红色复合体细菌数量,且对橙色复合体也有一定的作用8,9。Guerrero等10采用随机对照的方法研究了阿莫西林+甲硝唑对广泛型侵袭性牙周炎的非手术治疗的影响,发现应用抗生素组临床指标改善更明显。Cosgarea等11则发现相比单纯FMSRP,全口24 h内的全口刮治和根面平整+阿莫西林/甲硝唑组有较低

13、程度的探诊出血,治疗效果明显优于对照组。然而,一些研究表明,由于使用抗生素,长期使用后细菌耐药性有增加的风险,以及药物不良反应的发生。近年来多项研究集中在半导体激光治疗作为辅助 SRP的非手术治疗广泛性侵袭性牙周炎(generalized aggressive periodontitis,GAgP)。几项研究表明,半导体激光作为SRP的一种辅助物,可以显著减少受2型糖尿病和贫血影响的牙周病患者的出血部位12,13。许多对中度和重度牙周炎的治疗进行了评价的对照临床试验表明,半导体激光作为SRP的一种辅助物,在GAgP期间改善了牙周治疗。Giovanni等13研究表明,在牙周病非手术治疗6周后,半

14、导体激光治疗能够提高PD和CAL值,这可能是由于半导体激光通过牙周袋去上皮化而降低 PD 的作用。Novaes等14,研究表明,当半导体激光作为SRP的辅助物应用于牙周袋时,GAgP患者在90 d的随访中,炎症减少,细菌负荷减少。通过随机、双盲、分口临床试验并进行临床、微生物学和临床分析,比较了单用SRP与SRP加半导体激光治疗GAgP的疗效。两种治疗方法都改善了临床、微生物和临床疗效。然而,激光单次治疗后,与对照组相比,SRP+半导体激光治疗 12 个月时 PD 和 CAL 有显著改善。与单用SRP治疗相比,它并没有显著降低出血部位的百分比。孙芹芹等15,通过激光辅助牙周治疗与常规牙周治疗对

15、比,探讨808 nm激光治疗对中重度牙周炎的治疗效果,发现治疗后1个月,两组龈沟液中IL-18、CCL2和ICAM-1水平较治疗前均显著降低,且激光组显著低于对照组,且激光辅助治疗可以减轻患者的疼痛度。本研究结果发现,半导体激光局部照射减少了局部牙龈出血的情况,两组患者治疗后3个月的 BOP 阳性率明显低于治疗前,且两组间比较,治疗后3个月激光组患者BOP阳性率明显低于全身用药组。治疗后3个月,所有患牙PD、CAL与治疗前比较,均明显降低,但是两组间比较,PD、CAL差异均无统计学意义。在半导体激光治疗牙周病的研究中,1.52.5 W的功率是在文献中经常提及的14,16-19。在Mehmet等

16、17的研究中,使用波长为 940 nm 的二极管激光器,功率为1.5 W。多项研究认为810 nm波长的激光比980 nm激光更容易被血红蛋白吸收,容易产生碳化,使用过程中不易控制,会对治疗效果产生影响14,20。同样,Joseph等21使用0.8 W功率,可能不表1两组治疗后PD、CAL的变化Tab.1Changes of PD and CAL after treatment in two groups组别GroupA组Group AB组Group BPD(mm)治疗前Before treatment4.431.14.551.2治疗后After treatment3.321.2*3.411.

17、3*CAL(mm)治疗前Before treatment5.342.05.412.1治疗后After treatment4.141.1*4.221.3*注 Note:*与治疗前比较 Compared with before treatment,P0.05142中国激光医学杂志 2023 年 6 月第 32 卷 第 3 期 Chin J Laser Med Surg,June 2023,Vol 32,No.3足以完全去除上皮细胞。本研究采用波长808 nm,功率1.5 W,1/4占空比,频率20 Hz,照射频率的降低可以尽量减少热损伤的产生,同时具有良好的杀菌效果。当长时间使用时,激光功率也有可

18、能降低。在这方面,强烈建议在治疗中使用激光功率计监测,以验证光纤传输系统尖端的实际功率。激光光纤的长期使用可能会有碳化污染等情况的发生,这会造成激光功率在尖端聚集,造成功率传输损耗,同时会大大降低治疗效果,建议在激光治疗术中应经常将清除光纤碳化处,以减少功率输出损耗。综上所述,针对重度牙周炎的治疗,全口刮治和根面平整24 h内联合808 nm半导体激光治疗的方法可以取得较好的临床效果,尤其是对于探诊出血位点的控制效果更为显著,可成为重度牙周炎基础治疗的有效辅助方法。参考文献1 Renvert S,Wikstrm M,Dahln G,et al.Effect of root debridemen

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