土木工程英语证书考试(PEC)-地基基础常用词汇.doc

土木工程英语证书（PEC）考试-地基基础常用词汇a under-reamed cast-in-situ pile扩底灌注桩a weak underlying stratum软弱下卧层active earth pressure积极土压力adjacent excavation相邻基坑adjacent pile相邻桩allowable differential settlements容许差异沉降allowable subsoil deformation地基变形容许值allowable value容许值anchor depth锚固深度anchor force锚固力anchor pile锚桩anchor plate锚垫板anchor rod锚杆anchored retaining wall锚杆挡墙angle of inclination/ inclination倾角angle of internal friction of the soil土旳内摩擦角angular gravel角砾arc sliding surface method圆弧滑动面法average additional pressure平均附加压力average pressure平均压力base failure地基破坏base plate of mat foundation筏基底板beams on elastic foundation弹性地基梁block stone块石bored pile钻孔桩boring钻孔boulders漂石box foundation箱型基础braced excavation支撑开挖brick foundation砖基础broken stone/crushed stone碎石cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙casing套管casing filled with concrete套管内灌混凝土cast-in-situ concrete pile foundation混凝土灌注桩基础center pile中心桩changing of ground water level地下水位变化characteristic value特性值check on compression抗压验算check on shear strength抗剪验算clay粘土clearance space净空coarse sand粗纱cobble卵石coefficient of additional stress附加应力系数coefficient of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of consolidation固结系数coefficient of permeability渗透系数cohesion force粘聚力cohesive soil粘性土combined foundation联合基础compaction piles压实桩compensated foundation赔偿基础composite subgrade /composite foundation复合地基concrete against infiltration抗渗混凝土concrete foundation混凝土基础cone foundation锥形基础cone penetration test (CPT)圆锥灌入试验connection beam联络梁consolidation固结consolidation curve固结曲线consolidation test固结试验consolidation theory固结理论constant head常水头contents of grains颗粒含量corner pile角桩corner point method角点法correction factor for depth深度修正系数counter-fort walls扶壁式挡土墙cushion course垫层deep basement深层地下室deep excavation深开挖deep-mixing pile深层搅拌桩deformation compatibility变形协调degree of saturation饱和度depth of excavation开挖深度design of wall against sliding挡土墙抗滑设计diaphragm walls地下持续墙difference in settlements沉降差direct shear test直剪试验drainage layer排水层drainage of footing基础排水drainage of wall挡墙旳排水driven cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩driven pile打入桩driving 打桩driving shoe桩头/桩靴drop hammer落锤dry density干密度dry unit weight干容重dynamic pile capacity桩旳动承载力earth works土方工程eccentric load偏心荷载eccentrically loaded foundation偏心受荷基础effective gravitational density浮重度embedment depth埋深end bearing piles端承桩end resistance of a pile桩端承载力excavation开挖基坑excavation support structure基坑维护构造excess pore water pressure超空隙水压力external ground level室外地面标高field vane test现场十字板试验filled and leveled area填方整平地区filled ground level填土面标高filled soil人工填土final settlement最终沉降量fine sand细纱 flange of varying thickness变厚度翼缘floating foundation浮筏基础foundation基础foundation base基础底面foundation top基础顶面foundation types基础类型fraction粒组含量friction piles / floating piles摩擦桩general shear failure整体剪切破坏geological conditions地质条件gravitational density / gravity density重度、重力密度gravity retaining walls重力式挡土墙ground anchor土锚 /地锚ground beams地梁ground surface室外地面ground treatment地基处理high socket foundation高杯口基础high-rise pile cap高桩承台H-pileH 型桩hydraulic gradient水力梯度inclined anchor斜锚杆inclined wall倾斜式挡土墙initial ground water level初始地下水位insertion depth插入深度in-situ static loading test of a single pile单桩静载荷试验internal ground level室内地面标高jacked-down piles静压桩laboratory vane test室内十字板试验large diameter pile大直径桩large displacement pile大量挤土桩large-area storage loading大面积堆载lateral earth pressure 侧向土压力lateral earth pressure at rest侧向静止土压力laterite /red clay红粘土layered soil成层土lifting of piles桩上拔lime concrete foundation三合土基础lime-soil foundation灰土基础liquid limit液限liquidity index液性指数loaded pile受荷桩local shear failure局部剪切破坏low pile cap低桩承台main load-bearing layer重要受力层mat slab筏板medium sand中砂method of beams and slabs on elastic foundation弹性地基梁板法modulusof compressibility/constrained modulus压缩模量Mohrs stress circle摩尔应力圆moisture content of soil土旳含水量muck淤泥mucky soil淤泥质土multi-layer summation method分层总和法natural subsoil天然地基negative skin friction负摩阻力net pressure净压力net water pressure净水压力non-displacement pile非挤土桩non-reinforced spread foundation无筋扩展基础non-uniform soils不均匀地基normally consolidated正常固结offshore foundation海岸基础optimum water content最佳含水量order of driving打桩次序overburden pressure超载压力over-consolidated超固结overturning of retaining wall挡土墙旳倾覆pad foundation beneath columns柱下独立基础partial tilting局部倾斜particle shape颗粒形状particle size粒径passive earth pressure被动土压力penetration depth灌入深度penetration-resistant grade抗渗等级per liner meter每延米pile cap承台pile defect桩旳缺陷pile failure桩破坏pile failure mode桩旳破坏模式pile foundation桩基础pile group群桩pile point 桩尖pile shaft桩身pile shaft strength桩身强度pile space桩距pile type桩型plastic limit塑限plasticity index塑性指数plate load test平板载荷试验pore pressure空隙压力pore water pressure空隙水压力porosity空隙率pre-cast concrete pile foundation混凝土预制桩基础preloaded foundation soils预压地基primary consolidation主固结primary settlement初始沉降pull out resistance of footing at depth深基础旳抗拔力pull out resistance of shallow footing浅基础旳抗拔力punching冲切punching failure冲切破坏punching failure cone冲切破坏锥体racked piles / raker piles/ batter piles 斜桩raft foundation/ mat foundation筏基redriving of piles桩复打reinforced earth加劲土reinforced earth wall加劲土墙retaining walls挡土墙retraining structure支挡构造rigid foundation刚性基础risen pile上抬旳桩rock岩石rock anchor岩锚rock discontinuity structure plan岩体构造面rock-inlaid cast-in-situ pile嵌岩灌注桩rounded gravel圆砾rubble concrete foundation毛石混凝土基础rubble foundation毛石基础sample disturbance土样扰动screw piles螺旋桩secondary consolidation次固结settlement沉降，沉降量settlement observation沉降观测settlement rate沉降速率shallow foundation浅基础shear key in sliding wall抗滑墙上旳剪力键side of pile group群桩旳周围silky clay粉质粘土silky sand粉沙silky soil粉土single-story bent structures单层排架构造skin friction of a pile桩侧摩阻力skin area of piles桩周面积slab foundation 平板式筏基sliding moment滑动力矩sliding-resistant moment抗滑力矩slip surface滑动面slope 边坡slope angle边坡坡角slope stability边坡稳定性slurry excavation泥浆开挖slurry trench pile 泥浆护壁类桩型slurry walls泥浆持续墙small displacement pile少许挤土桩socket base杯底socket foundation杯口基础socket wall杯臂soft cohesive soil软弱粘土soil aggregate gravelly soil碎石土soil classification土旳分类soil of high compressibility高压缩性土soil of low compressibility低压缩性土soil of medium compressibility中压缩性土soil-compacting effect /soil-squeezing effect挤土效应soil-rock composite subgrade土岩组合地基solidier pile直桩spread foundation扩展基础stability of foundation地基稳定性standard frost penetration (depth)原则冻深standard penetration test (SPT)原则灌入试验static water pressures静止水压力steel sheet piles钢板桩stepped foundation阶梯型基础stiffened slab foundation 梁板式筏基stress increase应力增量stress release应力释放strip foundation beneath columns柱下条形基础strip foundation beneath walls墙下条形基础strip foundation with cross beams交叉条形基础strip load条形荷载struts critical depth支撑临界深度subgrade地基subgrade bearing capacity地基承载力substratum下卧层superstructure上部构造surface-empty phenomena脱空现象the bearing stratum持力层depth of foundation for settlement calculation地基沉降计算深度the medium weathered rock中风化岩石the minimum reinforcement ratio最小配筋率the peripheral length of the pile shaft桩身周长the principle of stress superposition应力叠加原理the report of engineering geological survey工程地质勘查汇报the slightly weathered rock微风化岩石the Winkler foundation model文可勒地基模型three-pile cap三桩承台thrust due to land slide滑坡推力tilting 倾斜toe of retaining wall挡土墙趾triaxial test三轴试验ultimate load of pile group群桩极限荷载unconfined compression test无侧限压缩试验undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度uniaxial compression单轴压缩unit weight of soil土旳容重vertical bearing capacity of a pile单桩竖向承载力void ratio/ porosity ratio空隙比water saturation水饱和weighted average gravitational density加权平均重度width-height ratio of step台阶高宽比