外文翻译=tbm隧道挖掘机仿真运动-毕业论文.doc

中国地质大学长城学院本科毕业设计外文资料翻译系 别： 工程技术系 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 姓 名： 纪珊珊 学 号： 05208302 2012年 3 月 20日TBM隧道挖掘机仿真运动虚拟现实是一种多功能性、互动性、浸没感的技术。作为一种先进的工程设计技术、虚拟现实技术(VRT)已经被广泛地应用于大型矿山机械设计和制造。该系统是基于Mockup2000i2 软件的。本文将对隧道掘进机（TBM）进行详细的分析。此外，TMB 的运动仿真（功能）已经可以在Mockup2002i2 软件上成功运行了。第一步，我们使用CATIA 软件设计出TBM 的各个部分，并在CATIA 中完成装配。第二步，使用THEOREM 软件将CATIA 环境下的TBM 转换成能在DIVISIONMOCKUP2000i2 环境中打开的格式。在传统的机械设计和制造过程中，首先要完成设计过程和制定计划，然后进行产品设计。在设计工作完成之后，需要制造实体样机进行测试。为了检验设计成果，有时这些测试甚至具有破坏性。当找到了实体样机的缺陷时，工程师们需要检查设计方案，重新制造样机。然后，工程师们可以进一步进行检验。只有通过多次周而复始的设计修正，包括设计、生产样机、测试，最终产品的性能才会满足用户的要求。设计制造的过程耗时久，该问题在设计复杂机械系统时更为突出。传统的设计过程，不仅拖延设计周期，而且也无法适应市场的快速响应机制。因此，传统意义上的机械设计制造，会增加企业设计和生产成本，并且推迟了新产品进入市场的时间。虚拟现实技术(VRT)是一门多功能、交互性强和可浸入的技术，它能形成产品的仿真图像和模型的三维图像。计算机设计出的产品模型叫做数字化实体(DMU)。通过操作者和诸多外围设备的相互配合，可现实复杂产品的显示、动态分析和装配仿真。它可以产生视觉、听觉以及其他反馈，让人感觉和真实世界一样。作为一种先进的设计理念，虚拟现实技术在机械设计与制造领域实用性强。作为大型的矿山机械设备，隧道掘进机(TBM)包含诸多领域的科学技术，例如机械、电力、液压控制等。TBM 的设计和分析涉及了机械、电子、液压和控制等技术领域，需要有一个综合的开发和分析平台。传统的样机开发模式，不能很好地满足像TBM 一样复杂的产品。用虚拟样机技术开发、设计TMB，能有效地克服传统的研究和设计方法上的缺陷，降低开发成本,缩短测试周期，加快TBM 研究和发展过程。在CATIA 软件的环境中，零件设计模块通常结合物理、几何学特性构造TBM 三维参数模型。TBM 的装配主要包括切割轮、盾尾、切割机、螺旋输送机、出泥口、切割环、驱动盒、支撑环、中心回转接头等组件。在构造TBM 模型的过程中，为了在Mockup 环境下仿真的方便，必须选择合适的坐标系，使之与TBM 装备体的大方向一致。我们在CATIA 环境下完成了TBM 各部分零件的制造，进行组装后完成TBM 完整原型的设计。图2 即为TBM 在CATIA 环境下的三维实体模型。当模型文件格式用 Theorem10.0 软件转换成Mockup2000i2 能使用的格式之后，我们就可以建立初步的虚拟原型了。为了能快速浏览TBM 的相关主视图，Mockup2000i2 软件中的摄像头和地标必须创建快捷方式。同时，我们进行材料和光线的设置以便得到更真实的效果。为了让观察者在坐标中保持方向感，我们为TBM 添加了网格背景。同时增加了运动和装配等动态效果，使得TBM 原型看起来更真实。在Mockup2000i2 工具栏中使用运动干涉检测，可以进一步显示TBM 的内部结构，并检查各部分装配体之间的干涉情况。图3为创建的TBM 的虚拟样机， TBM 的工作顺序：切割轮转动32 个圆筒活塞缸向前推进，出泥口打开，并开启螺旋运输机(一个周期之后)切割轮停止运行，关上出泥口；分部安装机械将第一个部件抬升，移动，翻转并推到正确的位置推动与第一个部件相对应的圆筒活塞向后缩进，并冲击已固定第一个部件分部安装机械开始对第二个部件进行操作(步骤同上)。当一个装配周期完成之后，支撑各个部件的圆筒活塞就开始下一个循环工作。转换过程中的日期是从CATIA 系统获得并用于Mockup2000i2 的翻译，在此期间，所有由CATIA 系统创建的约束信息是无效的。由于新的约束需要在运动仿真测试前确定，所以，我们要为所有的TBM 移动零件定义约束。 在Mockup2000i2 中创建的性能函数必须用于增加支点，以及简单运动仿真系统中旋转中心轴的旋转和直线运动的方向。同时，功能仿真能够被属性所执行、添加事件和编辑操作参数。最后，将所有的运动与接下来的动作联系在一起，以实现每个零件在工作顺序每部分的连续动作。此外，在零件属性的高级选项中预先定义的热键用来触发零件功能模拟的运动。在运动仿真中创建的简单运动部分有：切割轮的旋转，推动气缸活塞的推进运动，螺旋输送机械中螺旋叶片的旋转推进运动，驱动箱和主轴承的转动，出泥门的打开/关闭等。对于具有复杂运动关系的零件，为了实现仿真，需要在装配根目录中创建虚拟零件。根据仿真需要，许多子零件也需要创建在你刚创建的虚拟零件之下。对于刚创建的虚拟零件，为了实现零件的综合运动仿真，将添加虚拟参数和虚拟事件，并编辑好参数。这里需要注意虚拟零件并不是真正的零件，所以需要指定运动零件的初始位置路径。此外，需要在零件属性的高级选项中定义热键，来触发虚拟零件的运动。在运动仿真中的综合运动部分有: 五个片段的吊装、平移、旋转，径向运动；壁架中片段安装机器的往复直线运动；片段安装机器的快速定向圆周旋转运动；气缸活塞的提升和下降运动随着各种各样的周边设备，诸如立体眼镜、手套系统、3D 鼠标、显示器 PC和动作捕捉器，我们可以进入TBM 虚拟样机的内部任何地方进行检查。通过安装使用干涉查询工具,建立查询的名字和查询的类型, 我们可以测试各安装组件之间有无冲突。虚拟的TBM 样机中添加了“*.WAV”格式的音频文件，此外，还设置一个新的环境变量，这样虚拟样机在工作状态中的声音效果得到加强。虚拟现实技术不仅是一种多功能的互动技术，更是一种先进的设计理念。使用虚拟现实技术建立TBM 实际原型和进行数字仿真，能够为TBM 的优化设计、飞速发展和独立创新，提供一种有效的新方法来开发新的产品。作为一种新的设计技术,VRT 可大大缩短产品开发周期,提高设计质量,降低测试成本及减少开发成本和开发风险。Virtual Prototype of the Tunnel Boring Machine andMovement Simulation The virtual reality is a multi-functional, interactive and immersible technology. As an advanced engineering design technology, the virtual reality technology has been widely used in large mining machinery design and manufacturing. The system is based on DIVISION Mockup2000i2 software.Virtual prototype of the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is studied in this paper.In addition, the movement simulation of TBM is completed in DIVISION Mockup2000i2. Firstly, CATIA software is adopted to build the parts of TBM.The TBM is assembled in CATIA too. Secondly, the THEOREM software is applied to convert the assembled model of TBM to another format which can be identified in DIVISION MOCKUP2000i2 software.In order to make the TBM image living, life-like and easy to browse, the light of surface, virtual materials and landmark scenes are set up in DIVISION MOCKUP2000i2 software environment. All motion parameters of the parts are defined before the simulation. Then, the virtual movement simulation of TBM components is analyzed with the behaviors property of MOCKUP. The virtual movement of cutting wheel, screw conveyor machinery and the door of mud out are studied. The virtual movement of segments and segment erector machine are completed by setting up virtual parts and virtual event. Five segments are fixed accurately in a cycle. The relations and interference of the parts movement are examined simultaneity. The hotkey is defined before the simulation,which can trigger the continuous implementation of virtual motion.In traditional mechanical design and manufacturing process, first of all, the concept of program design and plan demonstration will be completed, and then the product design is carried out. When the design has been completed, the physical prototype usually needs to be made for test. In order to verify the design, sometimes even these tests are destructive. When the defects in physical prototype were found out by experiment,the engineers need to modify the design and to make prototype again. And then, the engineers can verify the design further. Only through much more cycles which include of design, making physical prototype and testing, the product performance would meet the users requirement. This process of design and manufacturing is too long, especially for complex machinery systems. The traditional design process not only delay the design periods, but also unable to adapt to the markets rapid response mechanism. So with this traditional concept of the design and manufacture of machinery, it will increase the enterprises cost of design and manufacturing,and postpone the time of new products to enter market The virtual reality technology is a multi-functional, interactive and immersible technology, which create a life-like image of the entire product and threedimensional figure of the whole model. The product model created in computer is called digital . With interaction between the user and a variety of peripheral equipment, it can be actualized for complex products displaying,kinematic analyzing and assemble simulation. The vision, hearing and other feedback information would be created, which make people same feeling as in real world. As an advanced design concept, Virtual reality technology is a practical means in the field of machinery design and manufacture.As one of the large-scale mining machinery and equipment, Tunnel Boring Machine(TBM) includes many areas of science and technology, such as machine, electricity,hydraulic pressure and control etc. Designing and analyzing of the TBM relate to mechanical, electronic, hydraulic and control many technology areas, and need an integrated platform for development and analysis. The traditional development model of physical prototype can not meet a complex product, such as TBM. Virtual prototyping technology is applied to development and designing of TMB, which can effectively overcome the defects of traditional research and design model of the physical prototype, reduce development costs, shorten the test period,and accelerate research and development of TBM process .Three-dimensional solid model of TBM built in the CATIA environment can be opened in the mockup2000i2 softwares virtual environment after the model file has been transformed with Theorem10.0 software. Then the preliminary virtual prototype has been created.In order to browse the relevant main view of the TBM quickly, CAMERAS and LANDMARKS in Mockup2000i2 software must be applied to establish shortcut icon of the view. At the same time, MATERIALS and LIGHTING should be selected so as to make the virtual prototype achieve effect of unfeigned image. To avoid spectators wildering position and direction in the infinite frame of axes, we must add grid to be the background of TBM as reference objects. Adding moving segments and assemblied segments, it could improve view and unfeigned sense of TBM. Using moving sections and interference query in Mockup2000i2 Tools can achieve dynamic section and interference checking, showing internal structures of TBM further, and checking components interference of sub-assembly. The working sequence of TBM: the cutting wheel running pushing 32 cylinder pistons going ahead, door of mud out opening and screw conveyor machinery turning at 530 L. Li et al.The same time (after one cycle)the cutting wheel stop running; then shutting the door of mud out; the segments erector machinery catches the first segments, hoisting,moving, turning and pushing it to the proper positionpushing cylinder pistons which are matching with the first segment fixed just going back, elongating and impacting the first fixed segmentsthe segment erector machinery fixes the second segment (go on in turn). After a cycle of segments been fixed, the pushing cylinder pistons supporting the segments just have been fixed, going ahead, starting another cycle. During the conversion process where date is taken from the CATIA system and translated for use in Mockup2000i2, all constraint information created by the CATIA system is forfeited. New constrains will need to be placed before any movement simulation can be tested. So, we have to define all constrains for moving parts of TBM.For the parts which have complex relations of motion, the virtual parts need to be created at the root directory of assembly in order to realize simulation. According to the needs of simulation, many children virtual parts would be created under the virtual parts you just created too. For the virtual parts just created, virtual behavior property and virtual event are added, and parameters are edited to realize composite motion simulation of parts. Notice the virtual parts are not real parts, so the initial position path of moving parts needs to be designated. Furthermore, the hot key must be defined to trigger movement of virtual parts in the advanced options of the parts property.The composite motion parts in motion simulation are: the hoisting, translation,rotation, radial movement of the five segments; the linearity alternate motion of segment erector machinery in bracket; slewing ring rotary motion of segment erector machinery; the cylinder piston hoisting and down-turn movement. The following picture is the motion simulation of TBMs virtual prototype in Mockup environment. With a variety of peripheral equipment, such as stereo glasses, glove system, 3Dmouse,i-glasses PC and Flock of birds, we can enter the virtual prototype of TBM inside anywhere to inspect. Using interference queries in MOCKUP tools, setting up query name and query types, we can test collisions between sets of assemblies.Audio files,”*.WAV”format, is added to the virtual prototype of TBM. In addition,a new Environment Variable is set. They enhance the sound effects of the virtual prototype in the working state.Virtual Reality technology is not only a multi-functional interactive technology, but also an advanced design concepts. Using virtual reality technology to build TBM virtual prototype and doing digital simulation, can provide an effective new method to develop of new products for TBMs optimal design, rapid development, and independent innovation. As a new designing technology, VRT can greatly shorten the product development periods, improve design quality, decrease test costs, and reducedevelopment costs and development risk.