英语中形容词的用法-(课堂PPT).ppt

1一、形容词的定义一、形容词的定义用来修饰名词或代词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的表示人或事物的性质性质,状态状态,和特征的词称为形容词。和特征的词称为形容词。二、形容词的用法：二、形容词的用法：1.作定语，一般作定语，一般放在名词放在名词之前。之前。eg.Itsasunnydaytoday.今天是个阳光灿烂的日子。今天是个阳光灿烂的日子。2eg.Shehasaredcoat.她有一件红色的外套。她有一件红色的外套。itsabeautifulbutterfly.这是只漂亮的蝴蝶这是只漂亮的蝴蝶Whatafineday!多好的天气！Thisisaninterestingstory.这是一个有趣的故事。Kittyisaclevercat.Kitty是一只聪明的猫。32.做后置定语做后置定语放在放在不定代词不定代词something，anything，nothing，everything等之后等之后Wouldyoulikesomethinghottodrink？你想喝点热的饮料你想喝点热的饮料吗？吗？我有重要的事要告诉你。我有重要的事要告诉你。电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？电影里有什么有趣的内容吗？这儿一点都不危险。这儿一点都不危险。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm?Thereisnothingdangeroushere.4Somethingserioushashappenedtohim.他发生了严重的事故。Isthereanythingnewintodaysnewspaper.今天的报纸有什么新的内容吗？Areyoudoinganythingimportanttonight?你今晚有重要的事吗？Heassomethinginterestingtotellyou.他有些有趣的事要告诉你。5与介宾短语或不定式短语配合使用时一与介宾短语或不定式短语配合使用时一起放在被修饰的名词之后起放在被修饰的名词之后。Thisisaglassfullofwater.这是一个装满水的玻璃杯。这是一个装满水的玻璃杯。Heisapersoneasytogetalongwith.他是一个容易相处的人。他是一个容易相处的人。Africaisacontinentverydifficulttoreach.非洲是一块很难到达的大陆。非洲是一块很难到达的大陆。Theoldfishermandraggedupanoldbasketfullofsand.老渔夫拖上来一只装满沙子的旧篮子。老渔夫拖上来一只装满沙子的旧篮子。6与表示长，宽，高，重，老，远离的词连用时后置。heisaman1.8metrestall.他是一位身高1.8米的男士。Beijingisacity1213kilometersawayfromhere.北京是一个离这里1213公里之外的城市。Hecrossedastreet15metreswide.他穿过一条15米宽的街道。72.形容词形容词作表语，放在作表语，放在连系动词连系动词的后面。的后面。存在存在类：类：belooksoundtastesmellfeelseemprove持续持续类类:staykeepremain变化变化类类:becometurngetgrow8eg.Helookshappytoday.他今天看起来得很高兴他今天看起来得很高兴Ifeelverytiredafterplayingfootball.踢球之后我觉得很累。踢球之后我觉得很累。YaoMingisverytall.姚明非常高。姚明非常高。Ourclassroomisbigandbright.我们的教室又大又明亮。我们的教室又大又明亮。9Thepricesoundsreasonable.这个价格听起来合理。Hislifebecomesmoreandmorebetter.他的生活变得越来越好。Pricesremainstablethroughout.物价始终保持稳定的状态。103.形容词形容词用作宾语补足语用作宾语补足语，放在，放在宾语宾语之后。之后。（在动词（在动词consider，find，believe，think，make，get，keep等词后常用形容词做宾补）eg.Dontkeepthedooropen.别让门敞着。别让门敞着。Hissuccessmadehimhappy.他的成功让他感到幸福。他的成功让他感到幸福。Dontmakeyourhandsdirty.别让你的手弄脏了。别让你的手弄脏了。Weretryingtomakeourschoolbeautiful.我们要使校园变漂亮。我们要使校园变漂亮。114.多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其顺序为多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其顺序为:限定词限定词（冠词（冠词指示代词指示代词形容词性物形容词性物主代词）主代词）描绘性形容词（大小、长短、高描绘性形容词（大小、长短、高低、形状低、形状、年龄、新旧年龄、新旧、颜色、颜色）国籍国籍地区地区出处出处物质材料物质材料用途用途类别类别+名名词词县县官官行行令令宴宴国国才才Asmallroundwoodentable一张小圆木桌一张小圆木桌Atallwhitebuilding一幢高大的白色建筑物一幢高大的白色建筑物AfamousAmericanmedicalschool一个非常著名的美国医学院一个非常著名的美国医学院12Thereisafamousfineoldstonebridgenearthevillage.村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。Iboughtacheapblueplasticpencilboxyesterday.昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒Theyhavegotaroundbrownwoodentable.他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。131.Onedaytheycrossedthe_bridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold14形容词的级别形容词的级别大多数形容词有三个级别:原级：即形容词的原形,用来说明人或事物的特征。如：small,good,pretty,big,clever,tall等。Mybrotherisclever.Todayishot.15比较级：用在两个人或物之间的比较。如：small（小的）-smaller（更小的）good（好）-better（更好）tall（高）-taller（更高）,old（旧）-older（更旧）,many/much（多）more（更多）等。TomistallerthanBob.Iamtallerthanmybrother.16最高级：用来比较三个或三个以上的人或物。small(小的)-thesmallest(最小的)tall(高的)-thetallest（最高的）new(新的)-thenewest（最新的）good(好)-thebest（最好）Maryistheyoungestinmyclass.17规则变化规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词单音节词和少数双音节词 1)1)一般情况加一般情况加 er 或或 est fast faster fastest high higher highest clever cleverer cleverest 18talltallertallestnarrownarrowernarrowestsmallyoungNewlongyoungersmallestsmalleryoungestnewernewestlongerlongest19 2)2)以字母以字母 e 结尾加结尾加 r 或或 st fine finer finest late later latest nice nicer nicest20widewiderwidestrudebraveableablerablestbraverbravestruderrudest213)3)以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结尾变结尾变 y 为为 i 加加 er 或或 est early earlier earliest easy easier easiest lucky luckier luckiest 22heavyHappyeasyheavierheaviesthappierhappiesteasiereasiest234)4)以一个元音字母以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母一个辅音字母且词尾音节重读时，且词尾音节重读时，双写双写词尾辅音词尾辅音字母加字母加 er 或或 est fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest hot hotterhottest24规则变化规则变化大多数双音节词和多音节词大多数双音节词和多音节词在词前加most（程度加深）或less（程度减弱）变为比较级、加most（程度最深）或least（程度减弱）变为最高级。25slowly-more/lessslowlymost/leastslowlyeasily-more/lesseasilymost/leasteasilycarefulymore/lesscarefullymost/leastcarefulyinteresting more/lessinterestingmost/leastinteresting26 不规则变化不规则变化 good/well better best many/much more most little less least bad/badly/ill worse worst 侧重点不同的不规则变化，侧重点不同的不规则变化，P67271.Birdscanfly_,eagles（鹰）canfly_thanbirds.Theyfly_intheworld.(high,higher,highest)2.Iam_thanmybrother,butmylittlesisteristhe_ofus.(fat,fatter,fattest)3.Whichcanswim_,fishorsharks?(well,better,best)4.Thegreenbookisa_book,buttheredoneismuch_thanthegreenone.Itsthe_bookinthebookshop.(nice,nicer,nicest)5.Lookatthatboy,heisrunning_(fast,faster).6.Ithinkthatbookis_(good,better)foryou.练习练习highhigherhighestfatterfattestbetternicenicernicestfastbetter287.Thenewlibraryhas_(many,more)booksthantheoldone.8.Sallyis_(tall,taller)thanhercousin.9.Ourschoolismuch_(large,larger)thanyours.10.Look,Janetisjumping_(high,higher)thanMike.moretallerlargerhigher29副词：用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。30副词副词的词形:与形容词同形，如:fastearlylonghighThiscarrunsfast.Theywenttoschoolearlyyesterday.在形容词后加词缀ly转化成副词，如：quietquietlyperfectperfectlyfirmfirmlyhappy-happily31副词的用法副词在句中可用作：1)状语(这是副词在句子中的主要功用)Itisraininghard.雨下得很大。(副词hard作状语，修饰动词israining。)Dontdrivetoofast.车子不要开得太快。(fast是副词，作状语，修饰动词drive，副词too又修饰副词fast。)HespeaksEnglishquitewell.他英语讲得相当好。(well修饰动词speaks，quite又修饰副词well。)Thisisafairlyusefultool，这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly修饰形容词useful)Hehasalwayshelpedhissisterwithherhomework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always修饰动词hashelped)Sheoftenwentthere.她常到那儿去。(often和there均是副词，修饰动词went。)Perhapshewilltelephonelater.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词，用以修饰全句。322)表语Isheup?他起床了没有?Sheisout.她出去了。3)定语Lifehereisfullofjoy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here修饰名词life)331.副词的作用副词的作用:用来修饰动词用来修饰动词.形容词形容词.其它副词其它副词.全句或全句或 名词词组及句子名词词组及句子用用法法例例句句作表语作表语Mymotherisout作定语作定语Thegirlthereismyfriend作状语作状语Herunsfast作宾补作宾补Ifoundhimoutside二、副词342、副词在句子中的位置以及作用作状语：时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：WewillvisittheGreatWalltomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城)/TheyhavealreadybeentotheUKtwice.(他们去过英王国两次)/Soonthelostboyfoundhiswaybackhome.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、threetimes等一般放在句尾。如：SometimesIgetupearly.(我有时起得早)/Theworkersusuallyhavelunchatthefactory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭)/Takethismedicinetwiceaday.(这种药一天吃两次)方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Oldpeoplecanhardlywalkasquicklyasyoungpeople.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快)/Suddenlyhesawalightinthedarkcave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)35地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：Thereyoucanseethousandsofbikesrunninginalldirections(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动)/Thefrightenedwolfranaway.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/Hewalkedoutquietlyandturnedbacksoon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：Inearlyforgotallaboutitifhedidnottellmeagain.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了)/ItwassostrangethatIcouldhardlybelievemyears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵)/Shegottothestationearlyenoughtocatchthefirstbus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：Whenandwherewereyouborn?(你何时何地出生？)/WhydidlittleEdisonsitonsomeeggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/Howdoyoudo?(你好！)36连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,在从句中作状语。HowIamgoingtokillthecatisstillaquestion.(我打算怎样杀死那只猫还是个问题)/Thatiswhyeveryoneisafraidofthetiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因)/Hewonderedhowhecoulddoitthenextday.(他不知道第二天怎样做那事)关系副词：用来引导定语从句,在从句中作状语。如：ThisistheplacewhereMrZhangoncelived.(这就是张先生曾经住过的地方)/PleasetellmethewayhowyouhavelearnedEnglishsowell.(请告诉我你的英语是怎样学得这么好的方法)其它副词：too“也”,用在句尾；also放在动词前；either“也不”,放在句尾；nor“也不”,放在句首；so“如此,这样”,放在形容词、副词前；on/off“开/关”放在动词之后；not放在be之后、助动词之后、不定式或动名词之前；maybe/perhaps放在句首；certainly放在句首或动词之前。如：HewenttothePalaceMuseumandIwentthere,too.(他去了故宫博物院,我也去了)/Maybeyourticketisinyourinsidepocket.(也许你的票就在你的里边衣袋里)/-Tomdoesnthaveacomputer.NordoI.(汤姆没有计算机,我也没有。)372.6副词的比较等级和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容词完全相同。但以词尾-1y结尾的副词(注意early一词的-1y不是副词的词尾)须用more和most。另外，须注意下面例词中well，badly的不规则变化。如：原级比较级最高级hard努力地harderhardestfast快fasterfastestwell好betterbestbadly坏worseworstearly早earlierearliestquickly快morequicklymostquicklyhappily快乐地morehappilymosthappily382.有许多副词是对应的形容词有许多副词是对应的形容词加加ly构成构成realreally如如:strong strongly词尾是词尾是y的要把的要把y变为变为i再加再加 ly,如如:busy busily happy happily39有几个特殊的要去有几个特殊的要去e后再加后再加-ly或或y,如如:truetrulyterrible-terribly以以e结尾的结尾的,大部分直接加大部分直接加-ly,如如:widewidelybravebravely40good的副词是的副词是well.well也可作形容也可作形容词用，但只有唯一的意思词用，但只有唯一的意思healthy健康的健康的hard既是形容词也是副词既是形容词也是副词,作形容词作形容词是是“困难的困难的”difficult，作副词是，作副词是“努力地努力地”。hardly的意思是的意思是“几乎不几乎不”它和它和hard没关系没关系41用词的适当形式填空用词的适当形式填空1 He works very _.He _ has a rest on Sunday.(hard)2 _,he didnt fail in the exam.(luck)3 He was so _ that he couldnt believe this _ news.(surprise)4 He wont do it.I wont do it,_.(too)hardhardlyLuckilysurprisedsurprisingeither425 Mr.Green is feeling _ enough to go to work.(good)6 The old man looks very _ than you think.(friend)7 This box is not so _ as that one.(heavy)8 Lucy jumped _ of the four.(high)wellmore friendlyheavyhighest43形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成比较级和最高级的构成44形容词和副词形容词和副词比较级和最高级的用法比较级和最高级的用法45五as+形容词或副词原级+as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用soas。例如：Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.他没你跑得快。2）当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式：as+形容词+a+单数名词/as+many/much+名词。例如：Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.这个例子和另外一个一样好。Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan.你能搬多少纸，我也能。3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。例如：Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.你的房间和我的一样大。4）倍数+as+adj.+as倍数+the+of。例如：Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.你的房间是我的两倍大。Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.46六比较级形容词或副词+than。例如：YouaretallerthanI.你比我高。Theylightsinyourroomarebrighterthanthoseinmine.你房间的那些灯比我房间里的亮。注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。（错）Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.（对）Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.47十和more有关的词组，1）themorethemore越就越。例如：Theharderyouwork，thegreaterprogressyoullmake.越努力，进步越大。2）moreBthanA=lessAthanB与其说A不如说B。例如：Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.他工作时，与其说是反应慢不如说是懒。3）nomorethan与一样，不比多。例如：TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。nolessthan与一样。例如：Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.他和你一样勤勉。48 1)1)表示两者（人或事物）的比较时表示两者（人或事物）的比较时用比较级，通常用连词用比较级，通常用连词 than 引导，引导，表示表示“较较”或或“更更一些一些”的的意思意思 *This cake is more delicious than that one.*Li Lei jumped farther than Jim(did).49 2)2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词加定冠词the，后面可带，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围）短语来说明比较的范围 *Shanghai is the biggest city in China.*Lucy sings(the)best of all.*He is the most careful among us.50 3)3)在表示在表示 “和和一样一样”和和 “不及不及”这类概念时，可以用这类概念时，可以用 “as+原级原级+as”和和 “not as（so）+原级原级+as”的句型的句型 *Our teacher is as busy as before.*He does not run so(as)fast as I.514)4)可用可用much,still,a little,even,far,three years等表示程度的状语来等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级修饰比较级 *She is much taller than Mrs.Liu.*He is three years older than I.*This problem is a little more difficult than the other one.525)5)几种比较级的使用句型几种比较级的使用句型 1.1.“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级 ”表示表示“越来越越来越 ”*Your English is getting better and better.你的英语越来越好了。你的英语越来越好了。*These days more and more people are learning English.现在学英语的人越来越多了。现在学英语的人越来越多了。53 2.2.“the+比较级，比较级，the+比较级比较级”表示表示“越越就越就越 ”*The more,the better.越多越好。越多越好。*The busier he is,the happier he feels.他越忙越高兴。他越忙越高兴。54 3.3.“more(less)than ”表示表示 “不止，不到不止，不到”*She is more than thirty.她三十多岁了。她三十多岁了。*The lightest weighs less than 50 kilograms.最轻的不到五十公斤。最轻的不到五十公斤。55 4.4.“more or less”表示表示“差不多，差不多，或多或少或多或少”*The problem is more or less solved.这个问题差不多已经解决了。这个问题差不多已经解决了。*Is it straight?More or less.它直吗？它直吗？差不多吧。差不多吧。566)6)注意点注意点1.1.形容词最高级前一定要用形容词最高级前一定要用the，副，副词最高级前可省略词最高级前可省略2.2.在比较级中为了避免重复，在在比较级中为了避免重复，在the后后常用常用one，that，those等词来替代前等词来替代前面提到过的名词面提到过的名词 *This pen is shorter than that one.*The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.57 3.3.用用or连接两项需作比较的内容连接两项需作比较的内容时，须用比较级；若时，须用比较级；若or连接三项或连接三项或三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级三项以上的内容时，则须用最高级 *Who is taller,Mary or Jane?*Which is biggest,the sun,the moon or the earth?58 7)7)掌握几种同义句转换掌握几种同义句转换 1.He is taller than any other student in his class.=He is taller than the other students in his class.=He is taller than any of the other students in his class.=He is the tallest(student)in his class.59 3.I prefer maths to English.=I like maths better than English.4.The box is too heavy for him to carry.=The box is so heavy that he cant carry it.=The box is not light enough for him to carry.60 Exercisesc61 选择选择()1 Who gets home usually _ in your family?A.the latest B.later C.early D.as late()2 The more we looked at the picture,_.A.we like it less B.the less we liked it C.better we liked it D.it looked better()3 What a pity.Lucy ran _ than Lily.A.a few more slowly B.a little more slowly C.much more slowly D.little slowlierABB62()4 Dont worry.Your baby is looked after _ here,the nurse are very _.A.careful,carefully B.carefully,careful C.care,careless D.careless,care()5 The idea became _.He wanted to try _.A.strangly,it out B.strangly,out it C.strange,it out D.strange,out it()6 Beijing is _ biggest cities in China.A.the first B.one of C.the second D.secondBCC637、Thebreadis_thanthesecakesA、verydeliciousB.muchdeliciousC.moredeliciousD.asdelicious8.LinTaojumped_inthelongjumpintheschoolsportsmeetingA.farB.fartherC.farthestD.quitefar9.Whentheymetinthehotel.Theytalkedandlaughed_A.happilyB.happyC.happierD.happiest10.whichis_seasoninBeijing?A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebestCCAD6411.I think Yao ming the famous basketball player,he will be _ new Star in NBAA.hot B.hotter C.hottest D.the hottest 12.In our city its _ in July,but it is even _ in August A.hotter hottest B.hot hot C.hotter hot D.hot hotter13.Hainan is a very large Island.It is the second _ island in chinaA.large B.larger C.largest D.most largest 14.An elephant is _ than a tiger A.heavy B.very heavy C.the heaviest D.heavierDDCD6515.A horse is _ than a dog A.Much heavy B.more heavier C.much heavier 16.Emma always makes a lot of mistakes.She is _A.Care B.careful C.carefully D.careless17.Which subject is _,physics or chemistry?A.Interesting B.most interesting C.More interesting D.the most interesting CDC6618.He is _ enough to carry the heavy box A.strong B.stronger C.much stronger .D.the strongest 19.Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy A.less more B.few much C.more little D.little many 20.When the famous singer started to sing,everyone began to shout very _ A.loudly B.loud C.heavily D.high AAA67形容词练习形容词练习：21.Thiscoatisabittooforme.Doyouhaveasizeinblue.?A.small,bigB.small,biggerC.small,biggerD.small,big22.Heissotiredthathefellassoonashelaydown.A.sleepB.sleepingC.sleepyD.asleep23.IfIhad,IdgotoEgyptandhaveabookattheGreatPyramid.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough24.Heworksvery.HehasarestonSundays.A.hard,hardlyB.hardly,hardC.hard,hardD.hardly,hardly25.JulyandAugustarethemonthsinayear.A.hotB.hotterC.hotestD.hottest26.Whatdoyouthinkofthebridge?Ihaveneverseenbefore?A.soalongoneB.solongoneC.suchalongoneD.asuchlongBDAADC6827.30,000dollarsisalargeamountofmoney,butitisthanweneed.A.farmoreB.verymuchC.farlessD.verylittle28.Itskindyoutogivemesuchgreathelp.A.forB.ofC.withD.to29.Americaisoneofthecountriesintheworld.A.mostdevelopB.mostdevelopingC.mostdevelopedD.mostdevelopment30.Johndidhisbrotherintheexam.A.sobadlyasB.asgoodasC.morecarefulthanD.muchmorecarefullythan31.Hearingthegoodnews,Marylookedandlookedatus.A.happyhappilyB.happilyhappyC.happyhappyD.happilyh