定语从句专题教育课件市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

Grammar 定语从句精讲定语从句精讲 （限制性定语从句）（限制性定语从句）第第1页页Attributive clause(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句)先行词和关系词先行词和关系词定语从句定语从句 关系代词怎样引导定语从句关系代词怎样引导定语从句 关系代词使用方法关系代词使用方法 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 附加部分附加部分习题习题第第2页页 定语定语能够由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词分词、不定式不定式、介词短语介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）例：The girl behind the tree is Kate.The man driving too fast was a drunk.定语从句定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词名词或代词代词句子句子叫定语从句。例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.第第3页页先行词和关系词先行词和关系词q先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。q关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。q先行词、关系词先行词、关系词/引导词引导词对等对等 代替代替 That is the bike which my father bought for me.先行词先行词关系词关系词 bikeq关系词作用：既引导定语从句，又在定关系词作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成份。语从句中充当某种成份。第第4页页关系代词怎样引导定语从句关系代词怎样引导定语从句q普通代词与关系代词区分普通代词与关系代词区分I have a sister.She works in Shanghai.代替 sisterI have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.q普通代词普通代词：只起代替作用（如上例只起代替作用（如上例she)q关系代词关系代词：（如上例（如上例who/which）1.除了除了代替代替先行词外，先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中它还在定语从句中担任担任一定一定成份成份，3.同时同时连接连接先行词与它引导定语从句。先行词与它引导定语从句。（把主句和从句连起来）（把主句和从句连起来）第第5页页 说明以下说明以下vThe building is our school.+The building stands by the river.=The building which/that stands by the river is our school.先行词先行词 关系词关系词 从句从句 which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building,同时担任从句中主语，也起连词作用，把两个简单句连接同时担任从句中主语，也起连词作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。起来。v 关系代词使用取决于先行词，它们关系非常亲密，因为关系代词在定语关系代词使用取决于先行词，它们关系非常亲密，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中先行词，所以它在普通情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且从句中代替主句中先行词，所以它在普通情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它它 人称、数必须和先行词一致。人称、数必须和先行词一致。The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother(从句从句)The woman is speaking at the meeting.主语是单数第第6页页 The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.(主句主句)The women are famous scientists.(从句从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.主语是复数 关系词关系词判判 断断 步步 骤骤:v 首先，要区分出先行词。首先，要区分出先行词。假如先行词是指人假如先行词是指人,关系词可能就用关系词可能就用 who,that,whom,whose。假如先行词指物假如先行词指物,关系词可能用关系词可能用which或或thatv 然后，要确定关系词在从句中成份。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中成份。请看下表先行词先行词 主格主格 宾格宾格 全部格全部格 人人who,thatwho(m),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of whichv 最终，要确定关系代词人称和数最终，要确定关系代词人称和数(请看以上例句请看以上例句)第第7页页v注意注意q 定语从句时态不受主句限制。.The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句主句)The woman is my mother.(叙述客观事实用普通现在时叙述客观事实用普通现在时)(从句从句)The woman(who/that)spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中句中yesterday表示过去时间表示过去时间)v定语从句识别（定语从句识别（思索步骤）思索步骤）找出先行词找出先行词 a.确定在从句中关系代词人称、数和性。确定在从句中关系代词人称、数和性。b.确定定语从句位置确定定语从句位置 确定关系代词在从句中成份以确定关系代词格确定关系代词在从句中成份以确定关系代词格 确定从句时态确定从句时态（定语从句时态都不受主句限制）（定语从句时态都不受主句限制）第第8页页关系代词使用方法关系代词使用方法定语从句惯用关系代词有：that、who(m)、whose、which等。1.that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词宾语。（that/which作宾语时可省.）1)A plane is a machine that can fly.A plane is a machine which can fly.1.2)Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday?Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday?3)Have you found the bike that you lost?1.Have you found the bike which you lost?Have you found the bike 省略 you lost?1.2.3.第第9页页 2.which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语能够省略。(which 与that 指物时能够相互代替，that 更常见。）1)His father works in a factory that makes TV sets.His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful.The film which we saw last night was very wonderful.The film 省略 we saw last night was very wonderful.3.who 指人(既它先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但whom 是宾格,只能作宾语。(that有时也指人.代替who,whom,可作主语或宾语)1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.The girls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.第第10页页 2)He knew the teacher who we met yesterday.He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday.He knew the teacher(that)we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词全部格形式是代词全部格形式,它既能够代人也能够代物。它既能够代人也能够代物。q I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.qIll call a person.His father knows you.Ill call a person whose father knows you.qPlease show me the book.Its cover is red.Please show me the book whose cover is red.第第11页页1)This is the hero(whom)we are proud of.This is the hero of whom we are proud.This is the hero(that)we are proud of.2)She is the girl whom I went with there.She is the girl with whom I went there.She is the girl that I went with there.She is the girl 省略 I went with there.注意:固定动介词组不可分割固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前介词不能提前.比如比如:look after,look at v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词前面时介词放在关系代词前面时,介词宾语只能用介词宾语只能用which代物代物,和和whom代人代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词能够省略关系词能够省略)第第12页页 3)The room(that)I live in is very big.The room(which)I live in is very big.The room in which I live is very big.The room where I live is very big.4).I want to find the pen(that)I wrote the letter with.I want to find the pen(which)I wrote the letter with.I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter.Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for.Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for.Here are the picture-books the children are looking for.第第13页页 定语从句中需注意事项定语从句中需注意事项 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时从句所修饰词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句.This is the most interesting story(that)I have ever heard.The first meeting(that)we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时不定代词时,只能用只能用that.Here is something(that)I will tell you.Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行词现有些人也有物时先行词现有些人也有物时,只能用只能用that引出从句引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that)I see.第第14页页4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one,或用或用little,few,no,all,any 作修饰，用作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.当当主句主句已经有已经有疑问词疑问词 who或或which时，关系词用时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v从例句中看出，从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下能够在许多情况下能够通用通用，但，但有时宜用有时宜用 用用who,而而不用不用that1.先行词是先行词是one(s),anyone,someone,those时，关系词使用时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.2.在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.第第15页页附加部分附加部分 关系副词关系副词 关系副词关系副词是用来引导定语从句，它和关系代词一样，含有是用来引导定语从句，它和关系代词一样，含有 数数种作用。种作用。o 在从句中代替先行词。在从句中代替先行词。o在句中在句中作状语作状语。o连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句复合句。连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句复合句。关系副词关系副词有有三种三种：where:在从句中作在从句中作地点状语地点状语,指代地点指代地点.(on/in/atwhich)when:在从句中作在从句中作时间状语时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/inwhich)why:在从句中作在从句中作原因状语原因状语,指代原因。指代原因。第第16页页关系副词使用方法：关系副词使用方法：1.where 使用方法：使用方法：(先行词应是地点名词）先行词应是地点名词）The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 关系词略关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean.at the hotel.We stayedthere.先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句从句从句共有五个共有五个不一样句不一样句子来表示。子来表示。第第17页页2.when使用方法：使用方法：（先行词应是表示时间名词）先行词应是表示时间名词）Ill never forget the day.+I joined the League on that day.Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语口语)Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League.Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.从从句句3.why使用方法：使用方法：(表示原因名词表示原因名词)The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party.The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party 略 在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。第第18页页 Exerc sesI.Rewrite the sentencesII.Choose the best answersIII.Translate第第19页页I.把以下单句合并成含有定语从句复合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen.2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike?3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing under the tree.4.Where is the man?The man talked with you just now.5.The watch is very nice.He gave me the watch for my birthday.6.The book is very interesting.You lent it to me yesterday.7.The teacher is our English teacher.You saw her on the playground.The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.Have you seen the bike whose colour is green.The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us.Where is the man who talked with you just now?The watch(that)he gave me for my birthday is very nice.The book(that/which)you lent me yesterday is very interesting.The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our English teacher第第20页页8.The letter is from my friend.I received it yesterday.9.Im reading a book.Its name is“Who Moved My Cheese”10.He works in a school.There is a big store near it.11.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees.12.This is the room.We lived in it last year.13.The children are very healthy.She is looking after them.14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.The letter(that/which)I received yesterday is from my friend.Im reading a book whose name is“Who Moved My Cheese”He works in a school near which there is a big store.This is the room(that/which)we lived in last year.This is the room in which/where we lived last year.The children(who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.I know the boy who/that can speak English wellHe used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees第第21页页15.The season is summer.It comes after spring.16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it.18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.19.This is the town.He was born in the town.20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?The season which comes after spring is summer.The man(whom/that)I spoke to yesterday was American.The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.I cant find the house(which/that)my friend lives in.I cant find the house in which/where my friend lives.I know the boy(whom/who/that)you are looking for.This is the town(which/that)he was born in.This is the town in which/where he was born.Do you remember the day(that/which)we arrived here on?Do you remember the day on which we arrived here?Do you remember the day when we arrived here?第第22页页II.单项选择。1.This is the job _they laughed at.A.which B.as C.it D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.he B.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.which6.This book is for the students _native language isnt English.A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D/10.The man_is smoking is a tailor.A.whom B.who C.which D.what _ACBDBCCAAB第第23页页11Which animal is your favourite?The one _has a long neck.A.which B.that C.it D.who12.Is this the factory _produces colour TV sets?A.what B./C.which D.where13.The high building _is a big hotel.A.that he is looking B.which he is looking C.we are looking at D.at that we are looking14Is there anyone _ can answer this question?A.which B.whom C.who D.he15.In the afternoon well visit the high school _is very famous here.A.which B.where C.it D./16.The fox _ the chickens were killed was shot.A.that B.which C.for that D.by which17.The computer _can store a lot of information is widely used today.A.in which B.that C.with which D.where18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one19.Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _ran after each other on the road.A.who B.which C.that D.as20.Shanghai is the place in _he was born.A.which B.what C.whose D.thatBCCCADBACA第第24页页21.Do you know the man _is painting the house?Of course.Hes my uncle.A.whom B.who C.which D.whose22.The hospital _was built last year will open soon.A.where B.which C.who D./23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot.A.who B.that C.its D.whose24.The hospital _his father works in is a new one.A.that B.in that C.in which D.where26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the police.A.his B.who C.whos D.whose27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be found.A.which,in B.which,with C.that,by D.that,for28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cover is broken？A.which B.that C.who D.whose 29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked？A.who B.whom C.that D.whose30.This is the book_Im looking for.A./B.which C.that D.all the aboveBBDADBDBD第第25页页31This is the only book _I bought last year.A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B32.All_Im going to do is good.A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital.A.whose B.which C.whos D.at which34.This is the best book_I have read.A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B35.This is the school_ I worked seven years ago.A.in which B.in that C.which D.that36.All the books_I put on the desk are yours.A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth.A.which B.the one C that D.the one what38.Is this the river_I can swim?A.which B.that C.in which D.the one39.Watch the old lady and her dog_are crossing the street.A.which B.that C.who D.they40.Can you lend me the dictionary_the other day?A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it BAAAAABCBA第第26页页41.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago.A.where B.which C.what D.in which42.Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south?A.whose B.which C which of D.its43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A.which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree44This is the last time _Ill give you a lesson.A.when B.that C.what D.as45.I dont think the number of people_ this happens is very large.A.who B.to whom C.to which D.that46.Here is the dress_in the shop window.A.You saw it B.that you saw it C.that saw it D.you saw47.I was the only person in my office_was invited.A.who B.whom C which D.what48.The man _hair is yellow is the thief.A.who B.whose C.that D.which49.This is the most beautiful bird _I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.who D.whose50.The person to_you talked is our maths teacher.A.which B.whose C.that D.whomBACABBDBBD第第27页页 依据汉语完成句子：依据汉语完成句子：1.This is the engineer_ (给我们作关于计算机汇报)the other day.2.My necklace is not _(唯一不见东西）3.The man_(在这间房子里工作)is a chemist.4.The old building_(我们住)has been here for 30 years.5.The history book _(封皮是黄）was lost.6.Her is the pen _(你昨天丢失）7.This is the best book_(我读过）8.I have lost the pen_（我父亲给我买）9.Wheat is a plant _（中国北方 种植）10.I dont like the people_(说得多可 做得少）who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing thats missingwho works in the room(that/which)we live inwhose cover is yellow(that)you lost yesterday.(that)I have read(which/that)my father bought me which/that is grown in the north of Chinawho talk too much but do little第第28页页猜猜看,下面句子明白了吗?1.不懂装懂，一事无成.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything,is indeed a good-for nothing.2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼.He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.3.万事开头难 Its the first step that costs.4.千里之行，始于足下。He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.5.自满人腹中空.He who is full of himself is very empty.6.闪光未必都是金子 Not all that glitters is gold.第第29页页 Thank you第第30页页