湖南大学外国语与国际教育学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年湖南大学351英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2017年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解（回忆版）（词汇翻译、汉译英）2010年湖南大学351英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉词条互译1三个代表【答案】three representatives2与时俱进【答案】pace up with the times3自主创新能力【答案】capability of independent innovation4以德治国【答案】rule the country with virtue5科学发展观【答案】scientific outlook on development6房奴【答案】mortgage slave7“三农”问题【答案】issues on agriculture,rural areas,farmers8传销【答案】pyramid marketing9服务型政府【答案】service-oriented government10经济适用房【答案】economical affordable house11以人为本【答案】people-oriented12次贷危机【答案】subprime crisis13廉政建设【答案】the construction of a honest and clean administration14精神文明【答案】spiritual civilization15中部崛起【答案】the rise of central China16Normalization of diplomatic relations【答案】外交关系正常化17Labor dispute【答案】劳动争议；劳资纠纷18Irrenewable energy【答案】不可再生能源19Wealth gap【答案】贫富差距20Cyberterrorism【答案】网络恐怖主义21Bubble economy【答案】泡沫经济22Greenhouse gases【答案】温室气体23Think tank【答案】智囊团24Intellectual property rights【答案】知识产权25Oil-for-food program【答案】石油换粮食计划26Anthrax【答案】炭疽27Pacific Rim【答案】环太平洋地区28Soft landing【答案】软着陆29The carrot and the stick【答案】软硬兼施30Multilateral negotiation【答案】多边协商二、篇章翻译Section A English to ChineseLawrence lived his relatively short life during a period of social and politicalupheaval.His experience as a student and a teacher would not have beenpossible had the Education Act of 1870 not established compulsoryelementary schools for children of back grounds like his.The industrialismhe hated,particularly the large-scale coal mining in areas like Nottinghamshire,with the accompanying blight of surrounding countryside,wasreaching a peak during his childhood and early manhood.World War I was a shock,followed by disillusionment,to many educatedEuropeans,who had believed that material progress,equated with theadvance of civilization,had banished war forever.Lawrence had never sharedthe near universal faith in material progress.His horror of the war,forreasons more personal,proved socially and politically prophetic he sawthe war as the beginning of the conformism,the assault on authenticindividualism that has in fact characterized the twentieth century.Because Lawrence spent years in Italy during the fascist period,and becausehis“dream of leadership”often emerged in authoritarian statements or theinvention of authoritarian figures,one of the many strands of adversecriticism woven around him during his life was a charge that he had fascistleanings.The charge is absurd,as insight into the essential core of the man his hatred of conformism,insistence on singular passional being reveals.However,it is true that Lawrence,like many artists who believe in the magicof words,sometimes expressed his yearnings for power in an idiom coloredby the socialist,communist,and fascist language of the 1920s and 1930s.【参考译文】劳伦斯比较短促的一生，正处在社会和政治大动荡的时期。如果不是由于1870年颁布的教育法令规定对儿童实行初等学校义务教育制，那么像他这样出身于贫困家庭的少年，日后是不可能有上大学和当教师这段经历的。他憎恨产业主义，特别憎恨在诸如诺丁汉郡这样的地区大规模地开采煤矿，造成对周围农村的破坏。这种状况在他的儿童时代和成年早期正达到顶峰。第一次世界大战对许多受过正规教育的欧洲人是一次震动，随之他们的幻想也破灭了。这些欧洲人曾经相信物质的进步等同于文明的发展，并相信这种物质文明已永远消弭了战争的隐患。劳伦斯向来就不赞同这种几乎遍及全球的关于物质文明的信念。他对战争的恐惧，尽管更多出于个人原因，但从政治和社会的角度看，却证实是有预见性的他认为战争是因循守旧的开端，是对真正的不干涉主义（或自由放任主义）的进攻。这在事实上已成为二十世纪的特征。由于劳伦斯在意大利度过的岁月正值法西斯主义开始抬头期间，又由于他的“领袖梦”幻影往往在那些带有权力主义色彩的声明中或一些独裁主义人物的信口胡诌中露出苗头，从而在他的一生中针对他编织出的许多敌意的批评论调之一，便是指控他具有法西斯倾向。其实，透视他这个人的本质，便可看出这种指控是荒谬的。他憎恨因循守旧，坚持做人要做满腔热忱的人，这些便是他本质的流露。不过，就像许多相信言词的魅力的文学艺术家那样，劳伦斯有时确也使用二十和三十年代流行的那些带有社会主义，共产主义乃至法西斯主义色彩的惯用词语来表达自己对权力的向往。Section B Chinese to English他要出国。人没出外贸局的大门，这消息便不胫而走。回到家里，屋里早坐满了人。“哥，给我捎台带电脑的收录机！”弟弟是那么兴奋，似乎收录机唾手可得。“哥，给我捎一套高级化妆品！”妹妹是那么激动，好像高级化妆品已在她身上发挥了作用，更增添了她的妩媚。“妈，您捎点什么？”他问。“不捎别的，捎台洗衣机就行！”丈母娘也高兴得什么似的，嘴都快咧到了耳朵根底下。“娘，您老呢？”“不管咋着，把你捎回来就中！”娘的眼里闪着晶莹的光。人陆续走了。“志华，你捎点？”他柔情地扶着妻的肩。“我和娘一样？”妻深情地望着他。他的眼霎时湿漉漉了，两串珍珠似的东西滴在妻的秀发上。【参考译文】He was going abroad.The news spread rapidly even before he left theForeign Trade Bureau.When he reached home,He found a roomful of people waiting for him.“Brother,please bring me a computer-controlled radio cassette recorder,”said his younger brother,apparently in high spirits,as if he could get what hewanted right away.“Bring me a set of high-grade cosmetics,brother,”said his younger sister,filled with excitement,as if the high-grade cosmetics were taking effect onher,making her more charming.“Mother,what do you want me to bringyou?”he asked.“Oh,just bring me a washing machine,”answered his mother-in-law,grinning from ear to ear.She was mighty happy.“What about you,mom?”“No matter what happens,please do bring yourself back home,”replied hismother,her eyes glistening with tears.People left his room one after another.“Zhihua,what do you want?”his asked,gently placing his hands on hiswifes shoulders.“I have the same idea as mom?”she said softly,gazing athim with affection.At this,tears welled up in his eyes and streamed down onto her beautiful hair.2011年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉词条互译1基础设施【答案】infrastructure2低保【答案】Minimum Living Standard3低碳经济【答案】low-carbon economy4人均收入【答案】average per capita income5节能减排【答案】energy saving and emission reduction;energy conservation andemission reduction6法治社会【答案】society governed by law;society ruled by law7赈灾扶贫【答案】Poverty and Disaster Relief;poverty alleviation and Disaster Relief8兴国【答案】national rejuvenation through science and education9知识密集型产业【答案】knowledge-intensive industry10信用风险防范机制【答案】prevention mechanism against credit risk11国际核不扩散体系【答案】the international nuclear non-proliferation regime/system12中东和平进程【答案】the Middle East peace process13世界多极化【答案】world multi-polarization;the multi-polar world14国家主权和领土完整【答案】national sovereignty and territorial integrity15农副产品加工【答案】agricultural and sideline product processing16disposal income【答案】可支配收入17value-added tax【答案】增殖税18sunrise industry【答案】朝阳产业19brain drain【答案】人才流失20weapon of mass destruction【答案】大规模杀伤性武器21vulnerable group【答案】弱势群体22global warming【答案】全球变暖23transfer of intangible assets【答案】无形资产转让24wholesale and retail businesses【答案】批发和零售业务25GDP【答案】国内生产总值(Gross Domestic Product)26ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟(Association of South East Asian Nations；东盟27renewable energy【答案】可再生能源28migrant rural laborers【答案】农民工29international practice【答案】国际惯例30good-neighborly and friendly cooperation【答案】睦邻友好合作（关系.二、篇章翻译Section A English to ChineseEvery year,Fortune magazine celebrates women in the top echelons ofcorporate America by publishing a list of the 50 Most Powerful Women inBusiness.Their titles are impressive-CEO,chairman,president-and photosportray them as polished and confident.What an inspiration they could be tothe young women following them!But what if those young women dont aspire to a corner office?A week afterthe Fortune list appeared on newsstands,a major national study of teenagersrevealed a surprising finding:while 97 percent of girls polled expect to workto support themselves or their families,only 9 percent want careers inbusiness.Among boys,the figure is 15 percent.But why do girls shy away from business?The number of women applying tobusiness schools has dropped off.By contrast,women make up half thestudents in medical and law schools.Unlike boys in the study,who say they want to earn a lot of money,girlsplace great importance on helping others and improving society.But theydont see connections between those goals and business,which they equatewith finance and numbers.And theyre less confident than boys about theirbusiness-related skills.Teen girls also place a high value on having enough time to spend withfamily and friends.In describing business,Professor Wilson says,“they usedmany images involving stress-images about dads having to make conferencecalls on vacation,and moms always being tired when they got home,orcomplaining about their bad bosses.”As it happens,mothers are the primary source of career advice for daughters.But parents goals are often less well defined for girls than for boys.Wilson calls the lack of women at the top“alarming”,adding that the studydoesnt offer a lot of hope that future generations will swell the ranks ofwomen in leadership positions.【参考译文】每年，财富杂志都会发布一份商界最具影响力的50位女性的榜单来祝贺美国企业界的女性。他们的头衔是“首席执行官”、“董事长”和“总裁”而且在照片中她们的形象都是光鲜和充满自信的。她们对追随她们的年轻女性是多么大的鼓舞啊！但是，如果那些年轻的女性不渴望去办公室工作呢?在财富榜单出现的一个星期后，一项针对青少年的全国性研究得到了一个惊人的发现：97%的受访女孩不想工作来养活自己或家人，只有9%的女孩希望事业成功。在男孩中，这个数字是15%。但是为什么女孩们会回避商业呢?申请商学院的女性数量有所下降，相比之下，在医学院和法学院，女性占了一半。不像研究中的男孩说他们想要挣很多钱，女孩们非常重视帮助他人和改善社会。但是她们并不认为这些目标和商业之间有联系，她们把商业与金融和数字等同起来。她们对自己的商业技能缺乏信心。年轻的女孩也很重视有足够的时间和家人和朋友在一起。威尔逊教授说，在描述商业时，他们使用了很多图片，包括关于父亲在度假时充满压力打电话的图片以及妈妈们回家后总是很累或者抱怨自己的坏老板的图片。事实上，母亲是女儿职业生涯建议的主要来源。但是，父母对女孩的目标要求往往没有对男孩的那么明确。威尔逊称商业里缺乏女性是最令人担忧的，他补充说，这项研究也表明，未来并没有带来很大希望能看到领导岗位上会有更多的女性身影出现。Section B Chinese to English有一次，几个中国人到一位比较富裕的美国人家里去做客。主人引他们参观自己的住所，中国客人说：你们的房子多好啊。非常漂亮。主人听了十分高兴，按美国习惯笑着回答说：谢谢。有些中国客人对她的回答感到意外。后来，在餐桌上谈话时，主人对大学毕业不久的中国女翻译说：你的英语很好，很流利。女翻译谦虚地说：不!不!我的英语说得很不好。主人没想到她会这样的回答，感到有些迷惑不解。那位美国主妇的回答是否像有些中国人认为的那样：不够谦虚呢？那些年轻的中国女翻译的回答是否像美国主人听起来那样不够诚恳呢？其实，美国主妇的回答并非不谦虚，中国女翻译回答也不是不诚恳。讲英语的人听到别人赞扬是诚心诚意的，所赞扬的事是值得赞扬的。因此不应假装自卑或装作谦虚。但是，对中国人来说，听到别人赞扬时，通常要表示受之有愧，做得很够；或者说自己的成就不过是由于侥幸，或者说是客观条件造成的，等等，而接受赞扬则意味着有骄傲自满情绪或缺乏教养。因此，上述两种回答引起不同反应是由于双方语言习惯不同。他都根据各自的风俗去理解别人所说的话。【参考译文】Once a group of Chinese were visiting the home of a fairly well to doAmerican.As they were shown around the house,they commented,you havea very nice home.It is so beautiful.The hostess smiled with obvious pleasureand replied in good American fashion Thank you-which caused surpriseamong some of her Chinese guests.Later,while conversing at the dinnertable,the host regarded to the Chinese interpreter,a young lady who hadgraduated not long ago from a Chinese university,your English is excellentand really quite fluent.To this she demurred,No,no.My English is quitepoor-an answer that he had not expected and found a bit puzzling.Was the American hostess reply immodest,as it seemed to some of theChinese?Was the young Chinese interpreter s remark insincere,as it sounded to theAmericans?In both cases the answer is no.To English Speaking people,praise is to beaccepted,generally with a remark like Thank you.some not unworthyachievement or thing,Therefore,there should however,the customary replyto a compliment would be to claim enough,or that success was more a matterof luck or some other circumstances.Acceptance of a compliment wouldimply conceit or lack of manners.So in the two cases above,the reason forsuch different reactions was differences in customs and habits.Each wasinterpreting what the other said according to his or her own culture.2012年湖南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Phrase Translation1中国特色社会主义【答案】socialism with Chinese characteristics2公民人身权利【答案】rights of citizens3低碳经济【答案】low-carbon economy4与时俱进【答案】keep pace with the times5同甘共苦【答案】share weal and woe6优化产业结构【答案】optimize the industrial structure7国际惯例【答案】international practice8醉驾【答案】drunken driving9节能市场机制【答案】market mechanism to promote energy-saving10新兴产业【答案】emerging industry;sunrise industry11平等互利【答案】equality and mutual benefit12基础设施建设【答案】infrastructure construction13经济发展模式【答案】economic development model14择优录用【答案】appoint people according to their merits15务实合作【答案】pragmatic cooperation16clean energy【答案】清洁能源17global climate change【答案】全球气候变化18demonstration project【答案】示范项目19greenhouse gas emission【答案】温室气体排放20poverty relief efforts【答案】扶贫21capacity building【答案】能力建设22exchange of needed goods【答案】互通有无23rule of law【答案】法治24place of historical interest【答案】名胜古迹25improvement of the peoples livelihood【答案】改善民生26incentive policy【答案】激励政策27provisional regulation【答案】暂行条例28media publicity【答案】媒体宣传29peaceful co-existence【答案】和平共处30hit-and-run【答案】肇事逃逸II.Passage translationSection A English to ChineseHomeownership has let us down.For generations,Americans believed thatowning a home was an axiomatic good.Our political leaders hammeredhome the point.Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was“unconquerable.”Homeownership could even,in the words of George H.W.Bushs Secretary of Housing and Urban Development(HUD)，Jack Kemp,“save babies,save children,save families and save America.”A house with afront lawn and a picket fence wasnt just a nice place to live or a risk-freeinvestment;it was a way to transform a nation.No wonder leaders of allpolitical stripes wanted to spend more than$100 billion a year on subsidiesand tax breaks to encourage people to buy.But the dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent:foreclosures andwalkaways,neighborhoods plagued by abandoned properties and plummetinghome values,a nation in which families have$6 trillion less in housingwealth than they did just three years ago.Indeed,easy lending stimulated bythe cult of homeownership may have triggered the financial crisis and leddirectly to its biggest bailout,that of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.Housingremains a drag on the economy.Existing-home sales in July dropped 27%from the prior month,exacerbating fears of a double-dip.And all that is justthe obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped.Thereal story is deeper and darker still.【参考译文】现在成为房主的美国人反而感到被拖累。多少代美国人都认为拥有住房是一项值得夸耀的成就。国家的政治领袖也为此平添丰富的政治寓意。富兰克林罗斯福认为，一个人人皆为房主的国家是不可征服的。前总统老布什政府的住房和城市发展部(Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment,HUD)部长Jack Kemp甚至称，房主能够拯救儿童、家庭，甚至拯救国家。拥有前院草坪和围栏篱笆的一套房屋，不仅是绝佳生活之地和无风险投资，购买住房还是一种引导国家变化的途径。这也就难怪所有政治人物都愿采用各式补贴和税收减免措施，每年拿出1000多亿美元的来鼓励人们购房。然而，争当房主的负面效果现已展现的淋漓尽致，人们耳濡目染的尽是丧失抵押房产赎回权和逃废按揭贷款债务，社区内大量充斥空荡房屋，住房价格暴跌，全国居民住房财富比3年前骤减6万亿美元类的消息。由争当房主这股风气带来的宽松贷款氛围就是引发此轮金融危机，直接导致政府对房利美和房地美两贷款企业进行史上空前的挽救行动。房市至今仍拖累着经济复苏。7月份已完工住房(existing-home)销售较前一个月下跌27%，加剧了人们对经济可能会出现二次探底的恐慌。所有这些都与住房市场泡沫和它出现爆裂后的影响有关。然而，事件对社会造成的影响更深、更广。Section B Chinese to English祥子想找个地方坐下，把前前后后细想一遍，哪怕想完只能哭一场呢，也好知道哭的是 什么；事情变化得太快了，他的脑子已追赶不上。没有地方给他坐，到处是雪。小茶馆们已都上了门，十点多了；就是开着，他也不肯进去，他愿意找个清静的地方，他知道自己眼眶中转着的泪水随时可以落下来。既没地方坐一坐，只好慢慢地走吧；可是，上哪儿去呢？这个银白的世界，没有他坐下的地方，也没有他的去处；白茫茫的一片，只有饿着肚子的小鸟，与走投无路的人，知道什么叫作哀叹。【参考译文1】Auspicious son wants to look for a place to sit down,with the ins and outsthin think of one time,what being able to only cry one know crying all righteven though wanting to be over is;Thing change has been got very quickly,his brain already has gone after being late for.Without the place,give him aseat,everywhere is snow.Small teahouses already have all have bolted thedoor,more than 10;Be that he also is unwilling to go in becoming untied,heis ready to look for the quiet place,he knows the tear that self eye socket istransferring can drop off at any time.Now that have no the local seat,be forced walk slowly bar;Where do but,mount getting rid of woolen cloth?This silvery white world,the place nothaving him sitting down,neither have his place;Only when boundless whiteslice,being starving abdomens birdie,and the people poor and utterlyhelpless,know what lets work sigh in sorrow.【参考译文2】Xiangzi wants to find a place to sit down,and think through the whole thing,even if it meant crying for awhile after thinking,at least hed know what hewas crying about;things changed too fast,his brain couldnt catch up.Therewas no place to sit,snow was everywhere.Small tea houses were all closed,it was past ten;even if they were open,he wouldnt go in,he preferred to finda quiet place,he knew the tears rolling in his eyes could fall at any time.Since there was no place t