河北大学外国语学院823英语语言知识综合历年考研真题汇编.pdf

目 录 2007 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.5 2008 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.11 2009 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.18 2010 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.24 2011 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.30 2013 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.36 2014 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.40 2015 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.44 2016 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题.47 说明：往年科目代码是 815，科目名称是“英语知识综合”或者“英语语言知识综合”，本书采用近年科目代码和名称，即“823 英语语言知识综合”。2007 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题 Part I.English and American literature(50 points)I.Choose the best answer that completes the question.(20%)1.Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the _ from their continental homes.A.Romans B.Celtic C.Anglo-Saxons D Britons 2.Utopia was written by _.A.Geoffrey Chaucer B.Thomas More C.Philip Sidney D.Edmund Spenser 3.Among the following novels which is not written by Daniel Defoe?A.Moll Flanders B.Robinson Crusoe C.Captain Singleton D.School for Scandal 4.Emersons _ was a plea for laying aside European models and confronting life as free men in a new world,and it was called the“Intellectual Declaration of Independence”.A.Nature B.Self-Reliance C.The Over-Soul D.The American Scholar 5.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a piece of literary works by _.A.Edgar Allan Poe B.Henry David Thoreau C.Herman Melville D.Mark Twain 6.Of all F.Scott Fitzgeralds novels,_ is by far the finest.A.The Side of Paradise B.The Great Gatsby C.Last Tycoon D.The Beautiful and the Damned 7._ are the two most outstanding critical realists in 19th century British literature.A.George Eliot and Thomas Hardy B.Charles Dickens and William M.Thackeray C.Virginia Woolf D.James Joyce 8._ is,as Dreiser once noted,not only a tragedy,but an American tragedy.A.An American tragedy B.Sister Carrie C.Jennie Gerhardt D.The Genius 9.Jack London is not the author of _.A.The Call of the Wild B.The Octopus C.Martin Eden D.White Fang 10.John Milton wrote the following works except _.A.Paradise Lost B.A Red,Red Rose C.Samson Agonists D.Paradise Regained II.Give the author and the genre of the following literary works:(10%)11.The Merchant of Venice 12.Of Studies 13.The Solitary Reaper 14.Ode to the Nightingale 15.An Ideal Husband 16.Common Sense 17.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 18.The portrait of a lady 19.Mending Wall 20.U.S.A.III.Briefly define the literary terms listed below:(20%)21.Transcendentalism 22.American Naturalism 23.Imagism 24.Renaissance 25.Romanticism in England Part II.Linguistics(50 points)IV.Term defining(10 points)Directions:Define the following terms,giving examples for illustration if necessary.26.Phoneme 27.UG parameters 28.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 29.Lingua Franca 30.Diglossia V.Choose the best answer(20 points)Directions:The following are questions or incomplete sentences with four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentences or answer the question.31.The _ study of language studies the historical development of language over a period of time,it is a historical study.A.synchronic B.descriptive C.prescriptive D.diachronic 32.When a speech sound changes and becomes more like another sound which follows or precedes it,it is said to be _.A.nasalized B.assimilated C.aspirated D.voiced 33._ can be used independently without being combined with other morphemes.A.Free morphemes B.Bound morpheme C.Affixes D.Roots 34.We can make an infinite number of sentences and sentences with infinite length.This is due to _.A.combinational rules B.phrase structure rules C.recursive property of phrase structure rules D.X-bar theory 35.The meaning of a language form is as the“situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer”is proposed by _.A.Plato B.Firth C.Chomsky D.Bloomfield 36._ act expresses the intention of the speaker.A.Locutionary B.Illocutionary C.Perlocutionary D.Speech 37.The words such as“hi-tech”“zoo”are _.A.acronyms B.clipped words C.formed by blending D.coined by back formation 38.It is the _ differences that have often been used to illustrate the“illogic”of Black English.A.phonological B.morphological C.syntactic D.all of the above 39.Childrens language acquisition is _ of language.A.the memorization of words B.chiefly the internalization of individual sentences C.primarily the acquisition of the grammar system D.a bunch of utterances 40._ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered.A.Sentence-meaning B.Utterance-meaning C.The reference D.The meaning VI.Questions(20 points)Directions:Answer the following questions,giving examples for illustration if necessary.41.Why is Saussure described as the father of modern linguistics?42.How does phonetics differ from phonology?43.What is X-bar theory?44.What are the advantages and disadvantages of semantic triangle?45.What are the important causes of regional dialect?Part III.Culture and translation(50 points)VII.Choose the best answer(20 points)46.In England,Australia,New Zealand etc.the first week day after Christmas is _.A.Boxing Day B.Thanksgiving Day C.Easter D.St.V alentines Day 47.English is often referred to as a _ language because it uses frequently connectives to indicate the relation between linguistic elements.A.paratactic B.hypotactic C.branching D.linear 48.“Good-bye”is derived from the expression _.A.good luck for you B.God be with you C.looking forward to seeing you again D.God bless you 49.“Our garden didnt do very well this year.By contrast,the orchard looks very healthy”demonstrates _ relation between the two sentences.A.an additive B.an adversative C.a causal D.a temporal 50.The fact that“伯父”、“舅父”、“姑父”collectively correspond to“uncle”implies that the distinction between _ is often ignored in English culture.A.paternal and maternal relatives B.male and female relatives C.kinship and spouse relatives D.old and young relatives 51.The ancestors of the English and the founders of England were _.A.the Anglo-Saxon B.the Normans C.the Vikings D.the Romans 52.Which of the following did not belong to Romanticism?A.Keats B.Shelley C.Wordsworth D.E.M Foster 53.The United States was rated _ in the world in terms of band area and the size of population.A.second B.third C.fourth D.fifth 54.“黄色电影”can be translated into _.A.a yellow film B.a blue film C.a red film D.a sexual film 55.Deductive argumentation has been related to _.A.the circular thinking pattern B.the branching thinking pattern C.inductive reasoning D.deductive reasoning VIII.Answer the following questions(20 points)56.How do you explain the relationship between language and culture?57.How can we interpret word meaning?Which part of it is closely related to culture?58.What is the difference between English and Chinese on the position of modifiers?How do you explain this phenomenon from cultural perspective?59.What is the relationship between cohesion and coherence of text?60.Discuss the cross-cultural contrasts between English and Chinese compliments and responses.IX.Study the following translations of a Chinese poem and make some comments on it.(10 points)2008 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题 I.英美文学部分（共 60 分）1.Define the following terms(25%)1)Neoclassicism 2)Metaphysical poetry 3)Modernism 4)American Realism 5)The Lost Generation 2.Give the author and the genre of the following literary works(15%)1)The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock 2)Pygmalion 3)Because I could not stop for death 4)Araby 5)My Last Duchess 6)Vanity Fair 7)To The Lighthouse 8)Young Goodman Brown 9)Of Truth 10)Waiting for Godot 11)The Sound and the Fury 12)The Pilgrims Progress 13)The Hairy Ape 14)She Walks in Beauty 15)A Modest Proposal 3.Choose the best answer from A,B,C or D.(20%)1)The protagonist of“The love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”is a kind of tragic figure caught in a sense of deafened idealism and tortured by satisfied desires.Of the following descriptions of him,which isnt suitable for him?A.He is erotic.B.He is self-important.C.He is illogical.D.He is a man of action.2)_ is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modem civilization in which human life has lost its meaning,significance and purpose.A.Ulysses B.The Waste Land C.The Confidential Clerk D.Dubliners 3)_ is a story about the three generations of the Brangwen family on the Marsh Farm.A.The Rainbow B.Women in Love C.Sons and Lovers D.The Plumed Serpent 4)The following comments on George Bernard Shaw are true except _.A.Shaws career as a dramatist began in 1892,when his first play Widowers Houses was put on by the Independent Theater Society B.Shaw began his literary career by writing novels soon after his settling down in London C.Shaws writing reflect the combination of realism and naturalism D.Shaws plays can be termed problem play 5)John Galsworthys The Forsyte Saga appears in the form of _.A.epic B.trilogy C.collection of short stories D.ballad 6)The sentence“And now he stared at her so earnestly that I thought the very intensity of his gaze,would bring tears into his eyes;but they burned with anguish,they did not melt”are found in _.A.Wuthering Heights B.Jane Eyre C.Gullivers Travels D.Pride and Prejudice 7)Most of Thomas Hardys novels are set in Wessax,_.A.a crude region in England B.a fictional primitive region C.a remote rural area D.Hardys hometown 8)After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice,we may come to know that Mrs.Bennet is a woman of _.A.simple character and poor understanding B.simple character and quick wit C.intricate character and quick wit D.intricate character and poor understanding 9)The statement“Beauty is truth,truth beauty”is quoted from _.A.Ode on Melancholy B.To Autumn C.Ode to Psyche D.Ode on a Grecian Urn 10)William Wordsworth,a romantic poet,advocated all the following except _.A.the use of everyday language spoken by the common people B.the expression of the spontaneous overflowing of powerful feelings C.the use of humble and rustic life as subject matter D.the use of elegant wording and inflated figures of speech 11)As the representative of the Enlightenment,Pope was one of the first to introduce _ to England.A.criticism B.romanticism C.rationalism D.realism 12)Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels is the greatest _ work in English literature.A.realistic B.satiric C.romantic D.poetic 13)English Renaissance Period was not an age of prose,but Thomas More wrote his famous prose work _.A.Utopia B.Songs and Sonnets C.Of Studies D.The Shepherds Calendar 14)Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his _ plays.A.47 B.27 C.37 D.52 15)_ holds that the nature of love is the union of soul and body.A.John Bunyan B.John Donne C.Samuel Johnson D.Daniel Defoe 16)Most of the poems in Whitmans Leaves of Grass sing of the“en-mass”and the _ as well.A.nature B.life C.self D.self-reliance 17)_ is a novella about a young American girl who gets“killed”by the winter in Rome,and it brought Henry James international fame for the forest time.A.The American B.The Europeans C.Daisy Miller D.The Portrait of a Lady 18)From Eugene ONeills works,we can see he is a man of _.A.optimism B.pessimism C apathy D.inactivity 19)_ wrote about the society in the South of the United States by inventing families which represented different social forces:the old decaying upper class;the rising,ambitious,unscrupulous class of the“poor Whites”,and the Negroes who labored for both of them.A.Faulkner B.Fitzgerald C.Hemingway D.Steinbeck 20)Most of the writers in the modem period were able to probe into the inner world of human reality oil the base of _.A.William Jamess“stream of consciousness”B.Carl Jungs“collective unconscious”and“archetypal symbol”C.Sigmund Freuds“interpretation of dreams”D.all of the above II.语言学部分（共 60 分）1.Define the following terms(15%)1)Regressive assimilation 2)Free morpheme 3)Co-occurrence 4)Social dialect 5)Spoonerism 2.Choose the best answer from A,B,C or D.(20%)1)Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A.tree B.crash C.typewriter D.bang 2)An aspirated p,an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _ of the p phoneme.A.analogues B.tagmemes C.morphemes D.allophones 3)What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating?A.V oiceless B.V oiced C.Glottal stop D.Consonant 4)The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by _.A.blending B.agree C.disagree D.disagreement 5)The term _ is used in a narrow sense to conclude only reflexives like myself and reciprocals like each other.A.pronominal B.anaphor C.r-expression D.binding 6)_ is a type of control over the form of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions and in terms of certain category.A.Concord B.Government C.Binding D.C-command 7)Murder=INTEND(x,(CAUSE(x,(BECOME(y,(alive(y)is an example of _.A.componential analysis B.predication analysis C.compositionality D.selection restriction 8)_ deals with how language is acquired,understood and produced.A.Sociolinguistics B.Psycholinguistics C.Pragmatics D.Morphology 9)_ found that natural language had its own logic and conclude cooperative principle.A.John Austin B.John Firth C.Paul Grice D.William Jones 10)The language error such as“He has already trunked two packs”is called _.A.spoonerism B.Morpheme-exchange error C.Exchange error D.Anticipation error 3.Answer the following questions briefly(25%):1)Whats the difference between etic and emic?2)What is IC analysis?Draw two types of internal structures of the following clause with IC analysis:Leave the book on the shelf.3)What are the metafunctions of language?4)How many subtypes of the sense relation of antonymy?Illustrate them with examples.5)What is Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?III.文化部分（共 30 分）1.Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.(20%)1)The Britain Empire was replaced by the Britain Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nation in _.A.1921 B.1931 C.1945 D.1950 2)Among the following,which did not happen in the year of 1006 in England?A.English ceased to function in society.B.The nation was conquered by the Normans.C.William,the Duke of Normandy,was crowned as the king of the country.D.French became the official language.3)Britain was a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the _ century.A.17th B.18th C.19th D.20th 4)Trinity is the union of the following except _.A.God B.Jesus C.Holy Spirit D.Holy Bible 5)British habits of politeness are on the whole very _.A.formal B.informal C.complicated D.strict 6)Which of the following cities is not located in the Northeast,U.S?A.Huston B.Boston C.Baltimore D.Philadelphia 7)The largest river in the U.S is _.A.the Missouri River B.the Mississippi River C.the Ohio River D.the Colorado River 8)Now the largest software company is _.A.IBM B.Microsoft C.Apple D.Pentium 9)The most numerous minority in the US is the _.A.yellow people B.Indian people C.black people D.European people 10)The statement“All men are created equal”appears in _.A.I have a Dream B.the Constitution C.Bill of Rights D.the Declaration of Independence 2.Answer the following questions briefly.(10%)1)What is image transfer?Name some basic methods of image transfer used in translation and give examples for illustration.2)What is“cultural creativity”?2009 年河北大学 823 英语语言知识综合考研真题 I.英