中美家庭价值观对比-英文版.doc

Differences of Family Values Between China and AmericaAbstract :This paper tries to make a comparison of different family values between China and US, which appeared in many fields, for instance, the American emphasis the individualism but Chinese focus on the collectivism, the relationship between family members and their attitudes to each other are also quite different, the life style influenced by family values are varied. Reasons for these differences are complex, including different customs, cultures and social backgrounds and so on.Key words: family values, life styles, cultures, differences.Introduction Family is the most basic unit of all human society. It reflects the ethical values of a society, its cultural characteristics and the unique features of a nation. People begin to learn anything about the world and their culture through the family they are brought up in. What you think, how you act, even your language, are all transmitted through the family from the wider cultural context. Family values are the core in the research of cultural values, and it has a huge influence on peoples thoughts and behaviors. So if we want to get a glimpse of the cultures of two different countries, it is necessary to know their different family values. In this paper we will analyze family values from different aspects, including the decisive family values, the attitude to the family members and their relationships, and the influences of family values.The differences of family values.A. The individualism VS. the collectivismThe American emphasize the personal independence, while Chinese emphasize on the whole family, not any individual member. Children in America have more freedom than that in China. Their parents rarely interfere with their private affairs, and usually try to enhance childrens all-around abilities when they are young. They handle their own affairs themselves and try to get support from their colleagues or experts who work in the relevant field, and their family members only give suggestions to them. The key point of its society is freedom. Obviously, we Chinese pay more attention to the interest of whole family than that of any individuals. In China, children usually live with their parents even after they are grown-up, since Chinese people want a more united family and closer relationship between family members. The living style in China is different compared with that in America. Chinese people like to live with their parents and they think this kind of living style may help them have more opportunity to understand other family members. This kind of living style can narrow the gap between family members and when anybody faces with a problem, the others can help him effectively and efficiently. The living style also reflects that Chinese people mainly emphasize the whole family but not the individuals, which is quite different from Americans.B. The attitude to the family members and their relationships in China and America.Chinese people have a big family with variety of relatives, which may be easy to cause competition and suspicion. So in order to maintain order and family harmony, they particularly advocate showing respect to their seniority in the light of the theory of law and discipline rite of Confucius. And Act you role well is the key to a harmonious family relationship. All the family members should be ranked strictly and according to their position in the family hierarchy they would be treated separately and be required to do what they should do. So in traditional Chinese family, the elder is highly respected. Parents bring up their children, then after parents are getting old, it is their childrens responsibility and duty to care for them and give them both material and spiritual support. In the traditional Chinese family, father was always the centre. It is not because the feudal concept that man is superior to woman, but also for what man has earned is the main source of familys incoming and usually man earns more money than woman. And woman is responsible for the family house working. Though most household affairs are solved and decided by mother, the most important thing related to the whole family are determined by father. Between parents and children, parents are given more privilege and right to control their children. To most Chinese parents, a good child means to be obedient and docile. It is normal for parents to arrange everything for their children.To Americans, it is normal that parents and children are separate; reunion is abnormal. Parents bring up children and the children continue to raise the offspring, so the aged is expelled to the society. For the attitude to bring up the children, American parents consider that they have the legal liability, but in a sense, the children should take responsibility for their behaviors. Americans sniff at the concept of filial piety and think it restrains their self-awareness and ego-development. Parents and their children dont need dependency relationship. In contrast, they should establish a kind of allowance system so as to instill the basic concept of self-dignity and self-love into their children. As a result, although children would be grateful for their parents favors, they do not think they have the obligation to pay back. In America, if the parents still live together with their adult children, they should pay board wages and accommodation fee to children. And the same to their adult children who still live with their parents. The primary purpose of an American family is to advance the happiness, the equality and the freedom of every family member. Americans praise self-centered and deal with the family members and family affairs rationally. For the sake of themselves, they deem that family should make sacrifice. Familys honor and unity are less important than that in Chinese society. In an American family, the democratic idea of equality is prevalent. Father and mother have equal right to make decision on family affairs and their children are given right to vote. C. Comparison of life style influenced by family values1. Different Financial StyleIn China， family members are financially dependent， that is to say all of the family members should help each other， especially when he or she meets the financial problems，which seems that people have the responsibility for helping their family members to overcome the difficulties. During the daily life， children should take care of their old parents financially even parents have the possibility to rely on themselves. In America, family members are financially independent. Americans appreciate the individuality which requires them at first to get an independent financial freedom. That means they do not rely on their parents or family members when they grow up. Sometimes American thinks it is a kind of shame to be supported by their kind red members. That is the reason why in the case the father and the son felt at ease when they bought tickets for each other.2. Different Life StyleIn China , a stable life style is much appreciated by people. As it has already been discussed above, the strong family tie in China has been taken its shape for thousand years long. Family members and relatives prefer to live together in terms of convenience which could reflect the Chinese “guanxi” vividly. Even after the implementation of Open Policy from 1980s， though the traditional lifestyle is influences a lot，people still want to live as close as possible to their family members， relatives and friends. However，in America，there is no such a strong family tie as same as that in China，therefore，their life style are very mobile. Meanwhile, this life style is also influenced by their personal values, such as self-reliance，hard work，and a tie between achieving success in life，personal achievement etc，which encourage Americans to work all of the world for achieving their career goals and success.3. Different Public FestivalsThere are several festivals which come of family unity in Chinese official holidays, such as Spring Festival，Tombsweeping Day, Qixi Jie and Mid-autumn Festival. The most important festival is the Spring Festival existing in the history for almost over 2000 years long. During this festival, all family and relatives get together, which is the very precious chance for people to enlarge and strengthen family ties. In America，Chiristmas Day，Hallow-mas，Saint Valentines Day，Thanksgiving Day are the most important holidays coming of Christianity. The most significant festival is the Christmas Day. Before the festival，all Americans also come back from their works for this big day；however，this festival is much more religious for the family members even though they do have the activities of family reunion. Conclusion The cultural differences between China and America are reflected in almost all aspects of family life. The present study focuses on various major aspects， such as the different family decisive values，different family relationship and attitudes, and influences caused by family values. Its not just simply listing some phenomena and analyzing the cultural explanation . The intention of the study is to promote a better understanding between Chinese and American people by comparing the family values. We would like to say if we want to live peacefully and harmoniously under the same roof， the best thing we must do is to make an understanding between Chinese people and American people. Meanwhile，a good understanding of the difference will surely facilitate the cross-cultural communication of two peoples.【References】1 HALL, E, F. The Hidden DimensionM. New York:double-day. 1996.2 Stanley, Haverwas. A Community of CharacterM. Cam-bridge, 1984.