C语言学生信息管理系统61.doc

一.应用程序名称：
Student.exe

二.应用程序的主题、设计目的：
应用程序的主题是管理好学生成绩，设计目的是进一步掌握和实践C语言编程。

三、应用程序简介：
1.基本结构：

2.基本内容：
编写一个成绩管理程序。每个学生的信息包含学生学号、姓名、性别和6门课程成绩。
(1)学生信息创建(顺序存储和链式存储都可)；
(2)各个信息的输入与输出；
(3)按总成绩实现升序排列；
(4)按学号查询成绩；
(5)输出各门课程成绩高于90和低于60的学生的姓名及该门课程的成绩。

3.运行环境：
　　 　本程序使用Visual C++ 2008编译器制作，在windows 7 64bit系统中成功运行，windows XP也可正常运行。

4.测试结果：
　　　　经过测试，所要求的内容基本上达到，个人认为比较好的地方是筛选和排序，不足之处是不明白存储方面的知识，以及程序流程的认识。

　5.实验心得：
　　　　参考了许多网上资料，存储方面的知识依然不懂，部分代码都不是自己写的，而且看不太懂，所以程序流程自己都不太清楚，但是，经过老师验收代码，说了很多问题之后，明白了那些不知道也不明白的问题，学到了很多东西,更好的理解了Ｃ语言的编程，明白了看代码与写代码的实际区别，以后要好好努力。

附录：

// 学生信息管理.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdio.h"
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "string.h"
#include "stdlib.h"
/*定义学生结构体*/

struct Student
{
char ID[20],Name[20],Sex[20];
float Chinese/*语文*/;
float Math/*数学*/;
float English/*英语*/;
float Physics/*物理*/;
float Chemical/*化学*/;
float Biological/*生物*/;
float Add/*总分值*/;
};

/*声明学生数组及学生数量*/

struct Student students[100];

int num=0;

/*求总成绩值*/

float Add(struct Student stu)
{
return stu.Chinese+stu.Math+stu.English+stu.Physics+stu.Chemical+stu.Biological;
}

/*通过学号返回数组下标*/

int Student_SearchByIndex(char id[])
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (strcmp(students[i].ID,id)==0)
{
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}

/*显示单条学生记录*/

void Student_DisplaySingle(int index)
{
printf("%8s%6s%6s%8s%8s%8s%8s%8s%8s%8s\n","学号","姓名","性别","语文","数学","英语","物理","化学","生物","总分");
printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("%8s%6s%6s%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f\n",students[index].ID,students[index].Name,students[index].Sex,
students[index].Chinese,students[index].Math,students[index].English,
students[index].Physics,students[index].Chemical,students[index].Biological,students[index].Add);
}

/*插入学生信息*/

void Student_Insert()
{
while(1)
{
printf("请输入学号:");
scanf("%s",&students[num].ID);
getchar();

printf("请输入姓名:");
scanf("%s",&students[num].Name);
getchar();

printf("请输入性别:");
scanf("%s",&students[num].Sex);
getchar();

printf("请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[num].Chinese);
getchar();

printf("请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[num].Math);
getchar();

printf("请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[num].English);
getchar();

printf("请输入物理成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[num].Physics);
getchar();

printf("请输入化学成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[num].Chemical);
getchar();

printf("请输入生物成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[num].Biological);
getchar();

students[num].Add=Add(students[num]);
num++;

printf("是否继续?(y/n)");
if (getchar()=='n')
{system("cls");
break;
}
}
}

/*修改学生信息*/

void Student_Modify()
{

while(1)
{
char id[20];
int index;
printf("请输入要修改的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s",&id);
getchar();
index=Student_SearchByIndex(id);

if (index==-1)
{
printf("学生不存在!\n");
}
else
{
printf("你要修改的学生信息为:\n");
Student_DisplaySingle(index);
printf("-- 请输入新值--\n");

printf("请输入学号:");
scanf("%s",&students[index].ID);
getchar();

printf("请输入姓名:");
scanf("%s",&students[index].Name);
getchar();

printf("请输入性别:");
scanf("%s",&students[index].Sex);
getchar();

printf("请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[index].Chinese);
getchar();

printf("请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[index].Math);
getchar();

printf("请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[index].English);
getchar();

printf("请输入物理成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[index].Physics);
getchar();

printf("请输入化学成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[index].Chemical);
getchar();

printf("请输入生物成绩:");
scanf("%f",&students[index].Biological);
getchar();

students[index].Add=Add(students[index]);
}
printf("是否继续?(y/n)");

if (getchar()=='n')
{system("cls");
break;
}
}
}

/*删除学生信息*/

void Student_Delete()
{
int i;
while(1)
{
char id[20];
int index;

printf("请输入要删除的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s",&id);
getchar();

index=Student_SearchByIndex(id);

if (index==-1) { printf("学生不存在!\n"); }

else
{
printf("你要删除的学生信息为:\n");

Student_DisplaySingle(index);

printf("是否真的要删除?(y/n)");

if (getchar()=='y')
{
for (i=index;i<num-1;i++)
{
students[i]=students[i+1];
}
num--;
}
getchar();
}
printf("是否继续?(y/n)");

if (getchar()=='n') { system("cls"); break; }
}
}

/*按学号查询*/

void Student_Select()
{
while(1)
{
char id[20];
int index;

printf("请输入要查询的学生的学号:");
scanf("%s",&id);
getchar();

index=Student_SearchByIndex(id);

if (index==-1) { printf("学生不存在!\n"); }

else
{
printf("你要查询的学生信息为:\n");
Student_DisplaySingle(index);
}
printf("是否继续?(y/n)");

if (getchar()=='n') { system("cls"); break; }
}
}

/*按总分值排序*/

void Student_SortByAdd()
{
int i,j;
struct Student tmp;

for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
for (j=1;j<num-i;j++)
{
if (students[j-1].Add<students[j].Add)
{
tmp=students[j-1];
students[j-1]=students[j];
students[j]=tmp;
}
}
}
}

/*显示学生信息*/

void Student_Display()
{
int i;
printf("%8s%6s%6s%8s%8s%8s%8s%8s%8s%8s\n","学号","姓名","性别","语文","数学","英语","物理","化学","生物","总分");
printf(" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");

for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
printf("%8s%6s%6s%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f%8.1f\n",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex, students[i].Chinese,students[i].Math,students[i].English,students[i].Physics,
students[i].Chemical,students[i].Biological,students[i].Add);
}system("pause");
system("cls");
}

/*选出优秀学生信息*/

void Student_90A()
{
int i;
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","科目","学号","姓名","性别","分数");
printf(" -----------------------------------------------\n");

for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Chinese>=90)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","语文",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Chinese);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_90B()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Math>=90)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","数学",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Math);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_90C()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].English>=90)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","英语",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].English);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_90D()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Physics>=90)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","物理",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Physics);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_90E()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Chemical>=90)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","化学",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Chemical);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_90F()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Biological>=90)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","生物",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Biological);
}
printf("\n");
}

/*选出不及格学生信息*/

void Student_60A()
{
int i;
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10s\n","科目","学号","姓名","性别","分数");
printf(" -----------------------------------------------\n");
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Chinese<60)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","语文",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Chinese);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_60B()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Math<60)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","数学",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Math);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_60C()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].English<60)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","英语",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].English);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_60D()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Physics<60)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","物理",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Physics);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_60E()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Chemical<60)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","化学",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Chemical);
}
printf("\n");
}

void Student_60F()
{
int i;
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (students[i].Biological<60)
printf("%10s%10s%10s%10s%10.1f\n","生物",students[i].ID,students[i].Name,students[i].Sex,students[i].Biological);
}
printf("\n");
}

/*将学生信息从文件读出*/

void IO_ReadInfo()
{
FILE *fp;
int i;
if ((fp=fopen("Database.txt","rb"))==NULL)
{
printf("不能打开文件!\n");
return;
}

if (fread(&num,sizeof(int),1,fp)!=1)
{
num=-1;
}
else
{
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
{
fread(&students[i],sizeof(struct Student),1,fp);
}
}
fclose(fp);
}

/*将学生信息写入文件*/

void IO_WriteInfo()
{
FILE *fp;
int i;
if ((fp=fopen("Database.txt","wb"))==NULL)
{
printf("不能打开文件!\n");
return;
}
if (fwrite(&num,sizeof(int),1,fp)!=1)
{
printf("写入文件错误!\n");
}
for (i=0;i<num;i++)
{
if (fwrite(&students[i],sizeof(struct Student),1,fp)!=1)
{
printf("写入文件错误!\n");
}
}
fclose(fp);
}

/*主程序*/

int main()
{
int choice;
IO_ReadInfo();
while(1)
{
/*主菜单*/

printf("\n\t\t-------- 学生成绩管理系统--------\n\n");
printf("\t\t\t1. 增加学生成绩记录\n");
printf("\t\t\t2. 修改学生成绩记录\n");
printf("\t\t\t3. 删除学生成绩记录\n");
printf("\t\t\t4. 按学号查询学生成绩记录\n");
printf("\t\t\t5. 按总分值排序\n");
printf("\t\t\t6. 各科优秀人(不低于)数\n");
printf("\t\t\t7. 各科不及格(低于)人数\n");
printf("\t\t\t8. 退出\n\n");

printf("请选择(1-8):");
scanf("%d",&choice);
getchar();

switch(choice)
{
case 1:system("cls");
Student_Insert();
break;
case 2:system("cls");
Student_Modify();
break;
case 3:system("cls");
Student_Delete();
break;
case 4:system("cls");
Student_Select();
break;
case 5:system("cls");
Student_SortByAdd();
Student_Display();
break;
case 6:system("cls");
Student_90A();
Student_90B();
Student_90C();
Student_90D();
Student_90E();
Student_90F();
break;
case 7:system("cls");
Student_60A();
Student_60B();
Student_60C();
Student_60D();
Student_60E();
Student_60F();
break;
case 8:system("cls");
return 0;
break;
}
IO_WriteInfo();
}
}

第一：程序运行主界面

第二：各项目外观