英语语法虚拟语气省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气Revision:第1页形式情况形式情况 条条 件件 从从 句句 主主 句句 与过去事与过去事实相反实相反与现在事与现在事实相反实相反 与未来事实相反 过去式过去式(be用用 were)would(should,could,might)+动词原形动词原形had+动词过去动词过去分词分词 would(should,could,might)+have+动词过动词过去分词去分词过去式过去式/should+动词原形动词原形/were to+动词原形动词原形 would(should,could,might)+动词原动词原形形第2页（1）在动词）在动词wish后宾语从句中，表示与现在或后宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去事实相反，或对未来主观愿望，从句通常过去事实相反，或对未来主观愿望，从句通常省略连词省略连词that。1 1）表示对现在情况虚拟：从句动词用表示对现在情况虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去式或过去进行式过去进行式（be动词普通用动词普通用were）。）。2 2）表示对过去情况虚拟：从句动词惯用）表示对过去情况虚拟：从句动词惯用“had过去分词过去分词”或或“would,could,might+have done”。（2）在主语在主语would rather that 宾语从句宾语从句中，中，从句谓语用从句谓语用过去式过去式表示表示现在现在或或未来未来，用，用过去过去完成式完成式表示与表示与过去事实相反过去事实相反 。2 2、虚拟语气在、虚拟语气在宾语从句宾语从句中使用方法中使用方法 第3页（3）在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等在表示提议、要求、命令、决定等动词动词如如suggest,decide,require,request,demand,propose,insist,order等）等）后宾语从句中谓语动词惯用后宾语从句中谓语动词惯用“should+动词原形动词原形”。Should常被省略。常被省略。一个坚持（一个坚持（insist）,两个命令（两个命令（order,command）,三个提议（三个提议（suggest,advise,propose）,四个要求（四个要求（ask,demand request,require）第4页1.He is not a pilot,but he wishes he _(be).2.I wish I _(meet)him yesterday.3.I wish it _(be)fine tomorrow.4.He ordered the work _(start)at once.5.Id rather you _(stay)at home all day today.were had met would be(should)be started stayedRevision:第5页 例例1 、If I were you,I to the cinema with her.(96)A.went B.have been C.had been D.would go【分析分析】经过经过if从句中谓语动词从句中谓语动词“I were”可判断出，该句是与现在事实相可判断出，该句是与现在事实相反虚拟条件句。主句用反虚拟条件句。主句用“would+动词原动词原形形”。故选答案。故选答案D。D、试题详解、试题详解第6页例例2 The doctor proposed that my brother his right hand.(97)A.avoid to use B.should avoid to useC.avoid using D.avoided using【分析分析】该题有两个考点，一是该题有两个考点，一是propose后宾语从句要用虚拟语气动词后宾语从句要用虚拟语气动词形式，二是形式，二是avoid一词后要用动名词作一词后要用动名词作宾语。故选宾语。故选C。第7页例例3 Had you not helped me with my English,I to pass the final examination.A.might fail B.might have failed C.shall fail D.would fail【分析分析】当当if从句中有从句中有were,should和和had等词时，能够省略等词时，能够省略if，同时把同时把were,should,had放到主语前面形式倒装。从句放到主语前面形式倒装。从句中中hadnot helped表明该句是与过去事实表明该句是与过去事实相反假设，所以要选相反假设，所以要选B。第8页虚拟语气在虚拟语气在主语从句主语从句中使用方法中使用方法 It is desired（suggested requested,ordered,demanded)+that;It is strange(necessary,possible,important,surprising,natural)+that;It is a pity(no wonder)+that 等结构后等结构后主语从句中谓语动词用主语从句中谓语动词用should+动词原形，动词原形，should常被省略。常被省略。例例:It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.第9页他那样说话，令人吃惊。他那样说话，令人吃惊。It is strange that he(should)say so.真遗憾，你失去了这么好机会。真遗憾，你失去了这么好机会。It has been decided that the sports meet(should)be put off till next month.已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月。已经决定了把运动会推迟至下个月。It is a pity that you(should)miss a good chance.第10页高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。高中学生掌握一门外语很有必要。It is necessary that a high school student should master a foreign language.第11页虚拟语气在虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从表语从句和同位语从句句使用方法使用方法 在在suggestion,proposal,order,idea,news,request,advice,demand,plan 等名词后面表语从等名词后面表语从句中谓语动词用句中谓语动词用should+动词原形动词原形，should常省略。常省略。第12页 例例 My suggestion is that we(should)do the experiment again.我想法是在接收前仔细想想。我想法是在接收前仔细想想。My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it.My suggestion that we(should)do the experiment again is accepted by them.我再做一次试验提议被他们所采纳。我再做一次试验提议被他们所采纳。第13页由由as if,as though 引导状语从句表示引导状语从句表示比较或方式时和表语从句时，从句谓语比较或方式时和表语从句时，从句谓语形式为形式为动词过去式（动词过去式（be用用were）或）或“had过去分词过去分词”。(和虚拟条件谓语和虚拟条件谓语动词形式一样动词形式一样)as if,as though在在状语状语从句和表语从从句和表语从句句使用方法使用方法第14页He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)第15页 eg:He treats me as if I were a stranger.eg:She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.It seems as if it _ already summer.看起来好象到夏天了。看起来好象到夏天了。were他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似。他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。第16页He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似。他说起英语来好像他是个英国人似。They talked about the city as if they had been there before.他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那他们谈论那座城市好像他们以前真去过那儿似。儿似。注意：注意：假如表示事情可能会发生，那么假如表示事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中谓语动词可用陈说语气。方式状语从句中谓语动词可用陈说语气。第17页虚拟语气在一些虚拟语气在一些句型中应用句型中应用第18页在在It is(high)time(that)句型中，定句型中，定语从句虚拟形式语从句虚拟形式惯用过去式或惯用过去式或should动动词原形（词原形（should不能省略）不能省略），表示，表示“现在现在该该”1、在、在It is(high)time(that)句型中句型中 我们该走了。我们该走了。It is time we left/should leave.第19页【分分析析】It is(high)time that这这一一句句型型用用虚虚拟拟语语气气动动词词形形式式用用动动词词过过去去式式，表表示示“提提醒醒”或或“催催促促”等意。故选等意。故选D。例例 It is time we .(98)A.start B.to start C.starting D.started第20页2、在、在If only 句型中句型中 if only表示一个假设情况，意思是表示一个假设情况，意思是“要是要是就好了就好了”，相当于主语，相当于主语wish。要是今天是星期天就好了。要是今天是星期天就好了。If only it were Sunday today.要是我没有丢掉我车就好了要是我没有丢掉我车就好了。If only I _my car.hadnt lost第21页3.用介词短语代替条件状语从句。惯用用介词短语代替条件状语从句。惯用介词由介词由with,without,but for等。等。What would you do with a million dollars?We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.=if you had a million dollarsif we hadnt got your helpBut for rain,we would have finished the work.=If it hadnt been for the rain第22页4.用在含有用在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 条件句中。条件句中。If it were not for the rain,the crops would die.If it had not been for your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.第23页5.5.含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 有时为了表示需要，在虚拟语气中有时为了表示需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是并不总是出现出现if引导引导条件句，而经过其它伎俩代替条条件句，而经过其它伎俩代替条件句。件句。I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词）（副词）He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.（连词）（连词）=If I had not been ill that day If he had not telephoned to inform第24页Everything taken into consideration,they would have raised their output quickly.A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.=If everything had been taken into consideration,they would have raised their output quickly.=If a man stopped drinking water,he would be dead in about seven days.定语从句定语从句:独立主格结构独立主格结构:第25页E.ExercisExercises es第26页1.It is strange that he _(make)such a mistake.Thats unexpected.2.It was required that each student _(bring)enough food on the trip.3.My demand is that you _(get)up at six.4.Even if he _(be)here,he couldnt solve the problem.5.Without air,there _(be)no living things.should make bring(should)get werewould be第27页1.Our teacher insisted that we _ in class.A.no talk B.dont talk C.could not talk D.should not talk2.It is suggested that the experiment _ made in another way.A.be B.must be C.may be D.would be第28页3.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.A.drove;didnt get B drove;wouldnt get C.were driving;wouldnt get D.had driven;wouldnt have got4.I do _ I could give you a hand.A.hope B.wish C.expect D.think第29页5.His doctor suggested that he_ a short trip abroad.A.will take B.would take C.take D.took6.I enjoyed the movie very much.I wish I _ the book from which it was made.A.have read B.had read C.should have read D.am reading第30页7.I would rather she _ tomorrow than today.A.come B.cameC.should come D.has come8.Its necessary that you _ be present at the meeting.A.should B.could C.may D.will第31页1.1.假如你用功话，你上学期考试就不会不假如你用功话，你上学期考试就不会不及格了。及格了。2.2.假如明天下雨，会议就推迟。假如明天下雨，会议就推迟。3.假如他早点出发，他现在已到家了。假如他早点出发，他现在已到家了。If you had studied harder,you would not have failed in the exam last term.If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.Homework :If he had set out earlier,he would be home now.第32页第33页