北京科技大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年北京科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年北京科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年北京科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2014年北京科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年北京科技大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解PARTI GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY|60 min|(130=30 POINTS)There are thirty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there arefour words or phrases marked,C,D.Please choose the correct answerthat best completes the sentence and mark your answers on the answer sheet.1The day is past when the country can afford to give high school diplomato all who _ six years of instruction.A.set aboutB.run forC.sit throughD.make for【答案】C【解析】句意：国家能够将高中文凭授予完成了六年指导的人的日子已经过去了。sit through一直到结束。set about 着手开始做。run for 竞选。make for 导致。因此，本题的正确答案为C。2Anderson held out his arms to_ the attack,but the shark grabbed hisright forearm and dived.A.turn offB.ward offC.trigger offD.call off【答案】B【解析】句意：安德森伸出双臂想要挡住攻击，但鲨鱼咬住了他的右前臂潜了下去。ward off 挡住。turn off 关闭。trigger off 引起。call off 取消。因此，本题的正确答案为B。3Small children are often _ to nightmares after hearing ghost storiesin the dark.A.definiteB.perceptibleC.incipientD.susceptible【答案】D【解析】在黑暗中听了鬼故事以后，小孩子们经常容易被噩梦影响。susceptible 易受影响的。definite 一定的。perceptible 可察觉的。incipient初始的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。4Automation threatens mankind with an increased number of _ hours.A.meagerB.complexC.idleD.active【答案】C【解析】句意：自动化以逐渐增加的闲暇时间威胁了人类。idle无所事事的。meager贫乏的。complex复杂的。active活跃的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。5It would be _ their hospitality to accept any more from them.A.trampling onB.treading onC.trespassing onD.trying on【答案】C【解析】句意：如果再从他们那里接受什么的话，就是侵犯他们的好意了。trespass on侵犯。trample on践踏。tread on踩踏。二者意思相近，可互相替换。try on试穿。因此，本题的正确答案为C。6We do not mean to be disrespectful when we refused to follow the adviceof our _ leader.A.venerableB.respectfulC.graciousD.famous【答案】A【解析】句意：我们没有听从我们尊敬的领导的建议并不意味着我们不尊重他。venerable值得尊敬的。respectful恭敬的。gracious高尚的。famous著名的。因此，本题的正确答案为A。7A safety analysis _ the target as a potential danger.Unfortunately,itwas never done.A.would identifyB.will identifyC.will have identifiedD.would have identified【答案】D【解析】句意：安全分析本可以确认目标是潜在危险的。但不幸的是，它没能确认。本句为过去时，同时是对过去的与事实相反的虚拟，应当用完成时。因此，本题的正确答案为D。8These proposals sought to place greater restrictions on the use andcopying of digital information than _ in traditional media.A.exist.existsC.existingD.to exist【答案】A【解析】句意：这些提议力图在数字信息的使用和复制上设置比传统媒介上更大的限制。此处为省略了which的定语从句，than的后面省略了成分“those restrictions which”，若将成分补充完整，即可根据时态得知which后应接exist。因此，本题的正确答案为A。9Despite the fact that over time the originally antagonistic response to hissculpture has lessened,to this day,hardly any individuals _ his art.A.evaluateB.applaudC.denounceD.ignore【答案】B【解析】句意：尽管随着时间推移，原本对他的雕塑作品的恶语相向已经逐渐减少，但至今几乎没人赞赏他的艺术。applaud称赞。evaluate评价。denounce谴责。ignore忽略。因此，本题的正确答案为B。10The shortcomings of Mr.Brooks analysis are _ his clarity inexplaining financial complexity.A.alleviated byB.offset byC.magnified byD.demonstrated by【答案】B【解析】句意：布鲁克斯先生的分析的缺点被他对经济复杂性的清晰解释抵消了。offset by被抵消。alleviated by减轻。magnified by放大。demonstrated by证明。因此，本题的正确答案为B。11Given the evidence of Egyptian and Babylonian _ later Greekcivilization,it would be incorrect to view the work of Greek scientists as anentirely independent creation.A.imitation ofB.ambivalence aboutC.disdain forD.influence on【答案】D【解析】有证据表明埃及文明、巴比伦文明对之后出现的希腊文明有影响，这种情况下，把希腊科学家的成果看作是完全独立的创造这一观点便是错误的。influence on影响。imitation of模仿。ambivalence about矛盾情绪。disdain for蔑视。因此，本题的正确答案为D。12Any language is a conspiracy against experience in the sense that it is acollective attempt to _ experience by reducing it into discrete parcels.A.transcribeB.complicateC.manageD.amplify【答案】C【解析】句意：任何语言都是一个反经验的阴谋，因为任何语言的使用群体都试图将人类经验简化分割成相互独立的部分，以达到对它们的操纵和控制。manage控制。transcribe转录。complicate使复杂化。amplify扩大。因此，本题的正确答案为C。13Though science is often imagined as a disinterested exploration ofexternal reality,scientists are no different from anyone else:they are _human beings enmeshed in a web of personal and social circumstances.A.vulnerableB.rationalC.carelessD.passionate【答案】D【解析】句意：虽然科学经常被想象成对于客观现实的公正探索，但科学家们和其他人没什么不同：他们也是陷在人际社会圈子里的、会感情用事的人类。passionate充满激情的。与disinterested含义相反。vulnerable易受伤害的。rational理性的。careless粗心的。因此，本题的正确答案为D。14Not until Kentuckys Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in1972 _.A.when was its full extent realizedB.that its full extent was realizedC.was its full extent realizedD.the realization of its full extent【答案】C【解析】句意：直到1972年肯塔基州的猛犸象洞被完整探索后，洞内的全部内容才被发现。Not until置于句首时，主句应倒装。未倒装前的结构为“It is not until.that.”。因此，本题的正确答案为C。15You should have known better than _ your little sister at homeherself.A.to leaveB.leaveC.leavingD.to have left【答案】A【解析】句意：你应该知道你不该把小妹妹一个人留在家里。“to knowbetter than to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“应该知道不该做某事”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。16I cannot concentrate on my work with the prospect of the court ease_ me.A.hanging onB.hanging overC.hanging upD.hanging on to【答案】B【解析】句意：由于有来自法院的威胁的前景，我没办法专注于我的工作。hang over威胁。hang on坚持下去。hang up拖延。hang on to紧握。因此，本题的正确答案为B。17The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed atwhich scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications_ the triumph of human endeavor.A.facilitateB.lead toC.attest toD.herald【答案】C【解析】句意：现代技术的出色成就和科学发现转化为技术应用的速度证明了人类努力的成功。attest to证明。facilitate促进。lead to导致。herald预兆。因此，本题的正确答案为C。18The new conflict between Man and Nature is more dangerous than thetraditional one between man and his fellow man,_ the protagonists atleast shared a common language.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】A【解析】句意：人与自然之间出现的新矛盾比传统的人与人之间的矛盾更危险。在后面这种情况下，人们之间至少还能语言相通。where相当于in which，表示“在这种状况下”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。19Even if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run onalternative fuels,the cars wont catch on in a way _ drivers can fill themup at the gas station.A.if.whenC.unlessD.because【答案】C【解析】句意：即使汽车制造商改造商业生产的汽车，使之能用替代燃料运行，某种程度上这样的车也不会流行起来，除非司机们能在加油站给车添加这种燃料。此处根据句意，应用连词引导条件状语从句，并根据前后转折关系可判断此处应当用unless。因此，本题的正确答案为C。20Having been isolated on a remote island,with little work _ them,the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spirits.A.occupyingB.to occupyC.occupiedD.occupy【答案】B【解析】句意：被隔离在偏远的小岛上，无事可做，士兵们被无聊和情绪低落所折磨。occupy sb.with意为“忙于”，因此此处应用主动语态。“with sth to do”表示未完成。因此，本题的正确答案为B。21An institution concerned about its reputation is at the mercy of theactions of its members,because the misdeeds of individuals are often used to_ the institutions of which they are a part.A.coerceB.honorC.discreditD.intimidate【答案】C【解析】句意：关注名誉的机构取决于其成员行为，因为个人的不端行为会被用来败坏他们所在的机构的名誉。discredit败坏名声。coerce强制。honor尊敬。intimidate恐吓。因此，本题的正确答案为C。22The newborn human infant is not a passive figure,nor an active one,butwhat might be called an actively receptive one,eagerly attentive _ it is tosights and sounds.A.asB.whatC.thatD.which【答案】A【解析】句意：新出生的人类婴儿不是被动的个体，也不是主动的个体，而是所谓的主动接受者，他们表现出对光和声音的急切关注。as itis为固定搭配，意为“实际上”。因此，本题的正确答案为A。23For him _,what is essential is not that policy works,but that thepublic believe that it does.A.being re-electedB.to be re-electedC.re-electedD.to reflect【答案】B【解析】句意：对于要参与重新选举的他来说，重要的不是政策是否有效，而是让公众相信政策有效。to be re-elected为不定式，修饰him，表示“他要参与重新选举”。因此，本题的正确答案为B。24Mercurys velocity is so much greater than the Earths that itcompletes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time _ takesthe Earth to complete one.A.whenB.itC.thatD.which【答案】B【解析】句意：水星的速度比地球快得多，地球绕太阳一周所用时间足够水星绕太阳运行四周多。此处句子原本结构为“It takes the Earth+（thetime）+to complete one”，it为形式主语。因此，本题的正确答案为B。25The mother would _ her son doing his music practice if he couldfinish his assignment before supper.A.let downB.let aloneC.let offD.let out【答案】C【解析】句意：如果儿子能在晚饭前完成任务，妈妈就准许他暂停音乐练习。let off准许暂停工作。let down使失望。let alone更不用说。let out放出。因此，本题的正确答案为C。26When the streets are full of melting snow,you cant help but _ yourshoes wet.A.gettingB.getC.to getD.got【答案】B【解析】句意：当街道上全是融化的雪时，你无法避免弄湿你的鞋。cant help but为固定搭配，意为“不得不”，后接不带to的不定式。因此，本题的正确答案为B。27She could sing these songs _ a moments notice whenever she wasasked.A.withB.toC.onD.at【答案】D【解析】句意：她能随时在被要求的时候唱这些歌。at a momentsnotice为固定搭配，意为“随时”。因此，本题的正确答案为D。28As we see _ political and national movements,language is used asa badge or barrier depending on which way we look at it.A.in aspects ofB.in view ofC.in consideration ofD.in relation to【答案】A【解析】句意：就像我们看到的那样，在政治民族运动方面，语言被用作徽章或是屏障，这取决于我们怎么看待。in aspects of在方面。inview of鉴于。in consideration of鉴于。二者可互换。in relation to和有关。因此，本题的正确答案为A。29The emergence of mass literacy coincided with the first industrialrevolution;_ the new expansion in literacy,as well as cheaper printing,helped to nurture the rise of popular literature.A.as a resultB.in turnC.thereforeD.in other words【答案】B【解析】句意：大众文学出现在第一次工业革命时期；反过来，这次文学领域新的扩展和成本更低的印刷一同滋养了流行文化的出现。in turn反过来。as a result结果。therefore因此。in other words换句话说。因此，本题的正确答案为B。30The notion that a parasite can alter the behavior of a host organism is notmere fiction;indeed,the phenomenon is not even _.AprehendedC.rareD.observable【答案】C【解析】句意：寄生虫能改变宿主行为的说法并非单纯的幻想；实际上，这个现象并不罕见。rare稀少的。real真实的。comprehended理解的。observable看得到的。因此，本题的正确答案为C。PART II READING COMPREHENSION|60 Min|(40 POINTS)Section One Multiple Choice(2x10=20 points)Directions:In this section there are two reading passages followed bymultiple choice questions.Read the passages and then murk your answers onyour answer sheet.Passage AOn Aug.14,2007 a computer hacker named Virgil Girlish unleashed a cleverlittle program onto the Internet that he dubbed WikiScanner.Its a simpleapplication that trolls through the records of Wikipedia,the publicly editableWeb-based encyclopedia,and checks on who is making changes to whichentries.Sometimes its people who shouldnt be.F example,WikiScannerturned up evidence that somebody from Wal-Mart had punched up Wal-Marts Wikipedia entry.Bad retail giant.WikiScanner is a jolly little game of Internet,but its really about somethingmore:a growing popular irritation with the Internet in general.The Net hasanarehy in its DNA;its always been about anonymity,playing with yourown identity and messing with other peoples heads.The idea,such as it was,seems to have been that the Internet would free us of the burden of our publicidentities so we could be our true,authentic selves online.Except it turns outwho couldve seen this coming?that our true,authentic selves arent thatfantastic.The great experiment proved that some of us are wonderful andinteresting but that a lot of us are hackers and pranksters and hucksters,which is one way of explaining the extraordinary appeal of Facebook.Facebook is a“social network”:a website for keeping track of your friendsand sending them messages and sharing photos and doing all those otherthings that a good little Web 2.0 company is supposed to help you do.It wasstarted by Harvard students in 2004 as a tool for meeting at least discreetlyoglingother Harvard students,and it still has a reputation as a hangout forteenagers and the teenaged-at-heart,which is ironic because Facebook isreally about making the Web grow up.Whereas Google is a brilliant technological hack,Facebook is primarily a featof social engineering.(It wouldnt be a bad idea for Google to acquireFacebook,the way it snaffled YouTube,but its almost certainly too late inthe day for that.Yahoo!offered a billion for Facebook last year and wasrebuffed.)Facebooks appeal is both obvious and rather subtle.Its awebsite,but in a sense,its another version of the Internet itself:a Net withina Net,one thats everything the larger Net is not.Facebook is cleanlydesigned and has a classy,upmarket feel to it a whiff of the Ivy Leaguestill clings.People tend to use their real names on Facebook.They alsodeclare their sex,age,whereabouts,romantic status and institutionalaffiliations.Identity is not a performance or a toy on Facebook:it is a fixedand orderly fact.Nobody does anything secretly:a news feed constantlyupdates your friends on your activities.On Facebook,everybody knowsyoure a dog.Maybe thats why Facebooks fastest-growing demographic consists ofpeople 35 or older:theyre refugees from the uncouth wider Web.Everycommunity must negotiate the imperatives of individual freedom andcollective social order,and Facebook constitutes a critical rebalancing of theInternets founding vision of unfettered electronic liberty.Of course,it ispossible to misbehave on Facebookits just self-defeating.Unlike theInternet,Facebook is structured around an opt-in philosophy;people have toconsent to have contact with or even see others on the network.If youreannoying folks,youll essentially cease to exist,as those you annoy drop youoff the grid.Facebook has taken steps this year to expand its functionality by allowingoutside developers to create applications that integrate with its pages,whichbrings with it expanded opportunities for abuse.No doubt Griffith is hard atwork on FacebookScanner.But it has also hung on doggedly to its coreinsight:that the most important function of a social network is connectingpeople and that its second most important function is keeping them apart.1Which of the following is INCORRECT about WikiScanner?A.It can change or revise some entries of Wikipedia.B.It can trace the origin of some information on the Internet.C.It expresses peoples irritation with the Internet.D.It reveals peoples real selves on the Internet.2The advantages of Facebook are mainly presented by comparing thedifferences between Facebook and _A.WikiScanner.B.Google.C.the Internet.D.FacebookScanner3What does the last sentence of Paragraph Four really mean?A.You are looked down upon by people on Facebook.B.If you misbehave on Facebook,everybody will know.C.You can pretend to be a dog on Facebook.D.Everybody knows who you are on Facebook.4What is Facebooks real appeal according to the passage?A.Only well-educated people can be allowed to register.B.People can do something different from what they do on the Internet.C.It is cleanly designed and has very powerful and diverse uses.D.Its real name registration system makes it difficult to misbehave.5If you misbehave on Facebook,you will be_A.forbidden to use Facebook forever.B.criticized by other people on Facebook.C.dropped out of other peoples lists of friends.D.cut network connections.【答案与解析】1A 原文第一段第二句说WikiScanner这个程序的功能是“trolls throughthe records of Wikipedia.and checks on who is making changes to whichentries”。WikiScanner的功能是检测谁修改了词条，但它本身并不具备修改词条的功能。故选A。2C 原文第二段主要说明了互联网的一些特点（混乱性、匿名性等），而根据该段最后一句可知，正因如此才凸显了Facebook的非凡吸引力。同时在文章最后一段也提到了Facebook不同于互联网的地方。因此Facebook的优点主要由和互联网的对比凸显。故选C。3D 原文第四段的主题是Facebook的特点真实性，人们在Facebook上使用真实信息，而不像在广义的互联网上一样隐藏自己。“On Facebook,everybody knows youre a dog.”是一个暗喻，意味着在Facebook上人们都知道你的真实身份。故选D。4B 原文第四段第三句提到，Facebook是另一个版本的互联网，是“网中之网”，但又与互联网不同在这里人们使用的是自己的真实身份，什么都不是秘密。而这就是Facebook吸引人的地方。因此Facebook真正的吸引力在于和互联网的不同。故选B。5C 原文倒数第二段最后一句提到“If youre annoying folks,youllessentially cease to exist,as those you annoy drop you off the grid”，如果你在Facebook上表现不端，你最终将会被迫脱离这个群体，即无法再与别人成为朋友。故选C。Passage BClancy Martin knows a lot about lying.Hes now an associate professor ofphilosophy at the University of Missouri,Kansas City,specializing in 19th-and 20th-century continental philosophy and business ethics,and he wrote hisdissertation on deception.But he really learned how to lie in his youth,whenhe was a crackerjack jewelry salesman.Not as good as his brother,perhaps,but good enough to turn a fake Rolex into the real thing.“I do mi