2023年专八改错技巧总结.docx

英语专八改错解题思绪 1. 宏观层面分析
（1）句子结构（理顺整个句子的结构，必要时检索上下文）
（2）逻辑关系（关联词选择：并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等）
（3）时态和语态（完毕时和虚拟语气是考察重点） 2. 微观层面分析
（1）缺漏（介词、代词、引导词） （2）冗余（两个主语、同义反复）
（3）误用（词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别）
（4）一致性（名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词） （5）词义与固定搭配 3. 注意事项
（1）即使按照语感不久找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，也许会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。
（2）分两次改比较合理，由于毕竟只有少数人可以在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。
（3）常考题型，高度警惕。 1 冠词：the变a, a变the，补the补a，删a删the，每年都玩的把戏。
2 单复数：无非是his变their之类的，关键是细心。 3 近义词：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests…
4 反义词：特别看到dis, un, im，in，non之类的，更要琢磨一下。
5 关联词：几乎是保存节目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore…
6 非谓语动词：见了ing想ed，见了ed想ing, 就是这么贱。
7 形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级。考的频率也蛮高的。 8 虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。
9 It：有时要加，有时要删，有时要变itself，总之多盯“它”几眼。 10动词词组：其实重要是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累.

改错：
1、改错虽然为主观题，但错误类型相对集中，可分为以下几种情况：
定冠词：a, an, the误用，甚至多余来；解决办法：分析定冠词的主语及上下文有无指代；
级：分两类错误，第一种是原级用成比较级，比较级用成最高级，反之亦然。有一种除外，是两者比较谁最佳，可以用最高级；第二种是意思相反，如most改为least；
连词错误：也分两种，第一种为连词误用，应当表达转折的用成了并列，比如while改为and；第二种为近义词。在不同语境中用However, Nonetheless, 比用but更合适，更合乎语法；（与逻辑关系也有关，看上下文，联系语境）
词性错误：多余现为形容词转变为副词，反之亦然；也有也许是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所说；形容词改为动词或名词等，多余现在一词多性的情况下；
形容词限定错误：出现在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1个adj.是限定第2个adj.还是限定n.；若是限定第2个adj.，大多改为副词adv.；
搭配错误：多为介词搭配错误，如in some extent改为to，rely in改为on等；也有搭配词没有给出，需要自己添加，比如define...as；
词义错误：比如：rather than改为other than；（此项比较难）
近义形容词错误：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected；（此项比较难）
缺失：例如the fact 后面直接接了句子，中间缺少that，表白同位关系；
多余：有的地方莫名其妙多余一个词，多为介词，是没有用的；
词义相反：多余现在形容词，需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-, ir-, un-等否认前缀；
积极被动：分析主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是积极还是被动，多余现在分句中；
三单：主语与谓语是单数还是复数，主语是否为不可数名词，是的话如何判断谓语动词是单数还是复数，还是有特殊用法；
时态：现在时用为过去式，或者进行时用成了现在时等；
定语从句用错先行词：which用成了that；难点儿的比如：for which用成了which，要知道for which=why, in / at which=where；尚有什么情况下必须用that，比如人和物搭配，序数词，the one, the only,不缺任何成分，有否认词，有all等；

以下八大高频考点的分类出自《华研·专八人文知识与改错》，现将八大类错误整理如下，重要涉及：1.短语搭配错误；2.易混词错误；3.逻辑关系错误；4.代词错误（一致错误）；5.冠词错误；6.形容词和副词使用错误；7.成分残缺或冗余；8.动词时态或语态错误。 笔者认为这八类错误基本涵盖了改错考试中出现的错误，一方面了解错误类型，相应对改错具有重要意义。 此外，笔者在总结《华研·专八人文知识与改错》和《星火·专八改错满分突破60篇》两本练习册中近100篇改错题的基础上，搜集其中出现的所有典型错误例子（语法词汇类错误居多），并根据所属错误类型整理如下。
（注意：带—>的表达前边的是错误的，后边的是改正之后的；其他的没有对的错误之分）
1.短语搭配错误 （大部分为介词错误）
carry/get with things –> carry/get on with things to let alone –> let alone
in return to –> in return for the need of –> the need for
substitute A with B –> substitute A for B account 70% --> account for 70%
under the grounds of/that –> on the grounds of/that
attitude on life –> attitude towards/to life
in a quick speed –> at a quick speed with many respects –> in many respects
at the face of –> in the face(s) of considerations to… –> considerations for…
become victims of … --> become victims to … ride in a train –> ride on a train
the problems with the government –> the problems for the government
resistive against –> resistive to resistance of –> resistance to
embark sth –> embark on sth with the belief that –> in the belief that
at advance of sth –> in advance of sth interpret… to –> interpret… as
in line to –> in line with to varing degrees –> in varing degrees
take pride of –> take pride in leap out to me –> leap out at me
inject them lethal strains –> inject them with lethal strains
charge him with the same price –> charge him the same price
imbalance of A and B –> imbalance between A and B
shortage of protein with them –> shartage of protein among them
fortify sb for sth –> fortify sb against sth (加强…以抵御…)
shed light to sth –> shed light on sth in proportion with –> in proportion to
pay for it with dollars –> pay for it in dollars be in liberty to –> be at liberty to
begin at doing –> begin with doing be contrasted to –> be contrasted with
commit an offence to –> commit an offence against modern time –> modern times
ability of (doing) sth –> ability in (doing) sth defend sth against –> defend sth from
at the first place –> in the first place pay money in doing –> pay money for doing
take to do –> take to doing (“求助于，开始”，to为介词)
yearn to –> yearn for at average –> on average
identify oneself to –> identify oneself with be successful on doing –> be successful at/in doing
get one’s teeth on –> get one’s teeth into(埋头做，认真做)
the action of formation –> the action of forming (of后应接动名词而非名词)
approach to do … –> approach to doing … one contributor of –> one contributor to
consumers demand of luxury goods –> consumers demand for luxury goods
on one’s 30s –> in one’s 30s balk to –> balk at (回避，绕过)
differ A from B –> distinguish A from B suit to sb/sth –> suit for sb/sth
vary by – vary with emphasis of – emphasis on
2.易混词错误
(1)形近异义词
imaginative – imaginary adapt – adopt confirm – conform
former – formal diary – dairy personal – personnel
beside – besides principal – principle intelligent – intelligible
conscious – conscientious stationary – stationery considerate – considerable
affect(影响) – effect(致使、达成) contact – contract moral – morale
industrious – industrial desert – dessert require – acquire – inquire
presence – presentation sensible – sensitive transformation – transmission
value – evaluate tense – tension anything – something
cooker – cook complexity(复杂性) – complex(合成体) insurance – assurance
provide(提供) – provided/providing(假设，假如) perceive – conceive
effective(有效的) – affective(受…影响的，由…引起的)
(2)形近(形异)近义词
latter – later late(迟的，已故的) – latest(最晚的，最新的)
farther(距离更远) – further(限度更进一步) healthy(健康的) – healthful(有益健康的)
effective – efficient continual(连续的) – continuous(连续不断的)
respectable – respectful historic – historical
rise – arise – raise – arouse sure – insure – ensure – assure
in return to – in response to opposite – opposition
producing – productive lonely – alone across – cross impressed -- impressive
permit(n.通行证) – permission relating – related memorizing – memorable
normal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) – norm(规范,行为标准)
favorite – favorable acceptability – acceptance economical – economic
few – little a few – few little – a little invent – discover
before – ago another – other
agent(代理人) – agency(代理机构) reward(回馈) – award(奖赏)
special – specific
(3)兼有两种形式的副词
firstly – first (firstly用于列举条目或者表达顺序，first表达时间上“第一次、初次”)
hardly(几乎不) – hard(努力地) sure – surely late – lately
clear(完全地、径直地) – clearly(显然、清楚地)
high(高度高地) – highly(限度高地、非常)
close(接近地、紧密地) – closely(紧密地、严密地) most(最) – most(大部分)
(4)反义词
with – without possible – impossible subjective – objective
import – export better – worse employee – employer
employment – unemployment modifiable – unmodifiable
natural – unnatural discernable – indiscernable lent – borrowed
exclusive – inclusive independency – dependency willing – unwilling
nothing more than – nothing less than agree – disagree
rarely – frequently / often specific – general
less – more (still more– still less) most – least known – unknown
respective – irrespective (irrespective of表达“不管…”) majority – minority
result in – result from fortunately – unfortunately powerful – powerless
easiness – uneasiness professional – amateur
aware – unaware include – exclude
(5) 名词单复数异义
moral – morals(作名词时用复数形式,表达“道德、伦理”)
collection(不可数名词表达“各种因素集合体”) – collections(可数名词表达“收藏品”)
manner(方法,方式) – manners(礼仪,礼节) saving – savings(复数表达“存款”)
specie(硬币) – species(种类)（species只有单数） mean(n.平均值) – means(方法)
(6) 易混短语
live with(同…一起生活,忍受) – live by(靠…过活)
go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于) – go around(四处走动,绕道走)
tend to – intend to
in next week(以当下时间为基准点) – in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点)
spend… in doing sth – spend… on sth die of(内部) – die from(外部)
rather than – other than have sb do sth – have sth done
take on(从事，开始对付，呈现) – go on(继续) take place – take the place of
consist in(在于) – consist of(涉及) in all(总共) – after all(毕竟)
in return(作为报答) – in turn(反过来，轮流)
one reason for +短语 – one reason why +句子
bring out(使显露，使显现) – bring up(教育，培养，提出，(船)到达目的地)
be worth doing – be worthwhile to do
react to(对…作出反映) – react with(以…作出反映)
apply… to(将…应用于) – apply for(请求，申请)
3.逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）
therefore – nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)
and – but / while or – and but – because moreover – however
after – before since – although there is no…– there is also…
that – if from now on – from then on all – none besides – yet
if – unless besides – except therefore – because so – because
so does he… – neither/nor does he… that’s why +结果 – that’s because +因素
as if – even if whether – if
4.代词错误（一致错误）
their – its that – those (需要特别注意)
which – that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)
which – what it – itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词)
that/this – it (只有it可作形式主语)
his – one’s (泛指时用one) you – yourself it – they this – such
XX is less sophisticated than what they are today – XX is less sophisticated than they are today
5.冠词错误
(1)定冠词多余
on the either side –> on either side in the Europe –> inEurope in the winter –> in winter (季节前不加定冠词)
Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book – Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)
take the issue –> take issue(对…持异议，不批准)
(2)定冠词缺漏
among most –> among the most one of first –> one of the first
atmosphere –> the atmosphere(表达独一无二的事物)（此外尚有如：the Equator, the Outerspace）
between us and rest –> between us and the rest
in minority –> in the minority around floor –> around the floor
piano –> the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)
English language –> the English language at heart of –> at the heart of
world –> the world(表达“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)
in long run –> in the long run 
(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用
illustrate the further difference –> illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及)
注意以下短语的区别
in church – in the church
at college – at the college in court – in the court in hospital – in the hospital
in office – in the office
in prison – in the prison at sea – at the sea in school – in the school
at table – at the table
6.形容词与副词使用错误
have been currently –> current be well equipped as –> be as well equipped as
heavy industrialized –> heavily-industrialized
spread colossal –> spread colossally similar strong –> similarly strong
keep the number constantly at X a year –> keep number constant at X a year
feel hopeless thwarted –> feel hopelessly thwarted
comparative high proportion –> comparatively high proportion
(quakes) start deeply in the earth –> start deep in the earth
in the passed 5 years –> in the past 5 years
culture embedded attitudes –> culturally embedded attitudes
as much as –> as often as
from one meter afar –> from one meter away increasing –> increasingly
simple –> simply pure –> purely much –> many many –> more
large –> largerearly –> earlier
7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)
a world which I could get… –> a world in which I could get…
shows –> that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)
take for granted that –> take it for grated that
1980 –1980s
one of the most glaring form –> one of the mist glaring forms
their jobs engage in their interest –> their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表达“占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）”)
complain about sth –> complain sth work sth –> work out sth
believe in –believe (believe单独使用表达一般的“相信”，believe in表达“信任某人，信仰…”)
point sth –> point out sth 20 percents –> 20 percent
eyes contact –> eye contact seven – seventh
the process which it function –> the process by which it function
communication service –> communications service (通信服务、通讯服务)
average incomes –> average income (income为不可数名词)
the like of –> the likes of(诸如此类的)
be referred to XX –> be referred to as XX
be viewed as work of are –> be viewed as a work of art(work作为“作品”讲时，为可数名词)
8.时态或语态错误
went – go agreeing – agreed consisted – consisting
bored – boring favoring – favored
if she was –> if she were(非真实条件句) involves – involving
will – would (虚拟语气中) delaying – delayed (已完毕概念或者被动概念)
the promise of improving quality of life –> the promise of improved quality of life (已完毕概念或者被动概念)
assure – assures (第三人称单数) have – has (要看清句子真正的主语)
developing – developed confronting – confronted
the least understanding –> the least understood
what the have told – what they have been told
if circumstances become favorable – if circumstances should become favorable