2023年专八改错技巧总结.docx

英语专八改错解题思绪 1. 宏观层面分析 （1）句子结构（理顺整个句子的结构，必要时检索上下文） （2）逻辑关系（关联词选择：并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等） （3）时态和语态（完毕时和虚拟语气是考察重点） 2. 微观层面分析 （1）缺漏（介词、代词、引导词） （2）冗余（两个主语、同义反复） （3）误用（词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别） （4）一致性（名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词） （5）词义与固定搭配 3. 注意事项 （1）即使按照语感不久找到了疑似错误，也要坚持读完全句再做判断，也许会有新的发现。过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。 （2）分两次改比较合理，由于毕竟只有少数人可以在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误，尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。 （3）常考题型，高度警惕。 1 冠词：the变a, a变the，补the补a，删a删the，每年都玩的把戏。 2 单复数：无非是his变their之类的，关键是细心。 3 近义词：例如distinct和distinctive，move和movement，interest和interests 4 反义词：特别看到dis, un, im，in，non之类的，更要琢磨一下。 5 关联词：几乎是保存节目，and, but, however, though, moreover, therefore 6 非谓语动词：见了ing想ed，见了ed想ing, 就是这么贱。 7 形容词比较级：多半是把原形改为比较级。考的频率也蛮高的。 8 虚拟语气：注意一下还是比较容易看出来的，多长个心眼儿吧。 9 It：有时要加，有时要删，有时要变itself，总之多盯“它”几眼。 10动词词组：其实重要是介词的问题，这个没办法临时抱佛脚，要靠积累.改错：1、改错虽然为主观题，但错误类型相对集中，可分为以下几种情况：定冠词：a, an, the误用，甚至多余来；解决办法：分析定冠词的主语及上下文有无指代；级：分两类错误，第一种是原级用成比较级，比较级用成最高级，反之亦然。有一种除外，是两者比较谁最佳，可以用最高级；第二种是意思相反，如most改为least；连词错误：也分两种，第一种为连词误用，应当表达转折的用成了并列，比如while改为and；第二种为近义词。在不同语境中用However, Nonetheless, 比用but更合适，更合乎语法；（与逻辑关系也有关，看上下文，联系语境）词性错误：多余现为形容词转变为副词，反之亦然；也有也许是限定，如adv.+adj.+n.，如下所说；形容词改为动词或名词等，多余现在一词多性的情况下；形容词限定错误：出现在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1个adj.是限定第2个adj.还是限定n.；若是限定第2个adj.，大多改为副词adv.；搭配错误：多为介词搭配错误，如in some extent改为to，rely in改为on等；也有搭配词没有给出，需要自己添加，比如define.as；词义错误：比如：rather than改为other than；（此项比较难）近义形容词错误：例如：respective, respectable, respectful, respecting, respected；（此项比较难）缺失：例如the fact 后面直接接了句子，中间缺少that，表白同位关系；多余：有的地方莫名其妙多余一个词，多为介词，是没有用的；词义相反：多余现在形容词，需要在前面添加或去掉in-, im-, ir-, un-等否认前缀；积极被动：分析主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是积极还是被动，多余现在分句中；三单：主语与谓语是单数还是复数，主语是否为不可数名词，是的话如何判断谓语动词是单数还是复数，还是有特殊用法；时态：现在时用为过去式，或者进行时用成了现在时等；定语从句用错先行词：which用成了that；难点儿的比如：for which用成了which，要知道for which=why, in / at which=where；尚有什么情况下必须用that，比如人和物搭配，序数词，the one, the only,不缺任何成分，有否认词，有all等；以下八大高频考点的分类出自华研专八人文知识与改错，现将八大类错误整理如下，重要涉及：1.短语搭配错误；2.易混词错误；3.逻辑关系错误；4.代词错误（一致错误）；5.冠词错误；6.形容词和副词使用错误；7.成分残缺或冗余；8.动词时态或语态错误。 笔者认为这八类错误基本涵盖了改错考试中出现的错误，一方面了解错误类型，相应对改错具有重要意义。 此外，笔者在总结华研专八人文知识与改错和星火专八改错满分突破60篇两本练习册中近100篇改错题的基础上，搜集其中出现的所有典型错误例子（语法词汇类错误居多），并根据所属错误类型整理如下。（注意：带的表达前边的是错误的，后边的是改正之后的；其他的没有对的错误之分）1.短语搭配错误 （大部分为介词错误）carry/get with things carry/get on with things to let alone let alonein return to in return for the need of the need forsubstitute A with B substitute A for B account 70%- account for 70%under the grounds of/that on the grounds of/that attitude on life attitude towards/to lifein a quick speed at a quick speed with many respects in many respectsat the face of in the face(s) of considerations to considerations forbecome victims of - become victims to ride in a train ride on a trainthe problems with the government the problems for the governmentresistive against resistive to resistance of resistance toembark sth embark on sth with the belief that in the belief thatat advance of sth in advance of sth interpret to interpret asin line to in line with to varing degrees in varing degreestake pride of take pride in leap out to me leap out at meinject them lethal strains inject them with lethal strainscharge himwiththe same price charge him the same priceimbalance of A and B imbalance between A and Bshortage of protein with them shartage of protein among themfortify sb for sth fortify sb against sth (加强以抵御)shed light to sth shed light on sth in proportion with in proportion topay for it with dollars pay for it in dollars be in liberty to be at liberty tobegin at doing begin with doing be contrasted to be contrasted withcommit an offence to commit an offence against modern time modern timesability of (doing) sth ability in (doing) sth defend sth against defend sth fromat the first place in the first place pay money in doing pay money for doingtake to do take to doing (“求助于，开始”，to为介词)yearn to yearn for at average on averageidentify oneself to identify oneself with be successful on doing be successful at/in doingget ones teeth on get ones teeth into(埋头做，认真做)the action of formation the action of forming (of后应接动名词而非名词)approach to do approach to doing one contributor of one contributor toconsumers demand of luxury goods consumers demand for luxury goodson ones 30s in ones 30s balk to balk at (回避，绕过)differ A from B distinguish A from B suit to sb/sth suit for sb/sthvary by vary with emphasis of emphasis on2.易混词错误(1)形近异义词imaginative imaginary adapt adopt confirm conformformer formal diary dairy personal personnelbeside besides principal principle intelligent intelligibleconscious conscientious stationary stationery considerate considerableaffect(影响) effect(致使、达成) contact contract moral moraleindustrious industrial desert dessert require acquire inquirepresence presentation sensible sensitive transformation transmissionvalue evaluate tense tension anything somethingcooker cook complexity(复杂性) complex(合成体) insurance assuranceprovide(提供) provided/providing(假设，假如) perceive conceiveeffective(有效的) affective(受影响的，由引起的)(2)形近(形异)近义词latter later late(迟的，已故的) latest(最晚的，最新的)farther(距离更远) further(限度更进一步) healthy(健康的) healthful(有益健康的)effective efficient continual(连续的) continuous(连续不断的)respectable respectful historic historicalrise arise raise arouse sure insure ensure assurein return to in response to opposite oppositionproducing productive lonely alone across cross impressed - impressivepermit(n.通行证) permission relating related memorizing memorablenormal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平) norm(规范,行为标准)favorite favorable acceptability acceptance economical economicfew little a few few little a little invent discoverbefore ago another otheragent(代理人) agency(代理机构) reward(回馈) award(奖赏)special specific(3)兼有两种形式的副词firstly first (firstly用于列举条目或者表达顺序，first表达时间上“第一次、初次”)hardly(几乎不) hard(努力地) sure surely late latelyclear(完全地、径直地) clearly(显然、清楚地)high(高度高地) highly(限度高地、非常)close(接近地、紧密地) closely(紧密地、严密地) most(最) most(大部分)(4)反义词with without possible impossible subjective objectiveimport export better worse employee employeremployment unemployment modifiable unmodifiablenatural unnatural discernable indiscernable lent borrowedexclusive inclusive independency dependency willing unwillingnothing more than nothing less than agree disagreerarely frequently / often specific generalless more (still more still less) most least known unknownrespective irrespective (irrespective of表达“不管”) majority minorityresult in result from fortunately unfortunately powerful powerlesseasiness uneasiness professional amateur aware unaware include exclude(5) 名词单复数异义moral morals(作名词时用复数形式,表达“道德、伦理”)collection(不可数名词表达“各种因素集合体”) collections(可数名词表达“收藏品”)manner(方法,方式) manners(礼仪,礼节) saving savings(复数表达“存款”)specie(硬币) species(种类)（species只有单数） mean(n.平均值) means(方法)(6) 易混短语live with(同一起生活,忍受) live by(靠过活)go about (doing) sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于) go around(四处走动,绕道走)tend to intend toin next week(以当下时间为基准点) in the next week(以过去的时间为基准点)spend in doing sth spend on sth die of(内部) die from(外部)rather than other than have sb do sth have sth donetake on(从事，开始对付，呈现) go on(继续) take place take the place ofconsist in(在于) consist of(涉及) in all(总共) after all(毕竟)in return(作为报答) in turn(反过来，轮流) one reason for +短语 one reason why +句子bring out(使显露，使显现) bring up(教育，培养，提出，(船)到达目的地) be worth doing be worthwhile to do react to(对作出反映) react with(以作出反映)apply to(将应用于) apply for(请求，申请)3.逻辑关系错误（连词使用错误）therefore nevertheless/however(大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)and but / while or and but because moreover howeverafter before since although there is no there is alsothat if from now on from then on all none besides yetif unless besides except therefore because so becauseso does he neither/nor does he thats why +结果 thats because +因素as if even if whether if4.代词错误（一致错误）their its that those(需要特别注意) which that (有些情况下关系代词只能用that)which what it itself (主宾相同，宾语用反身代词) that/this it (只有it可作形式主语)his ones (泛指时用one) you yourself it they this suchXX is less sophisticated than what they are today XX is less sophisticated than they are today5.冠词错误(1)定冠词多余on the either side on either side in the Europe inEurope in the winter in winter (季节前不加定冠词)Kaufman, the/an author of a recent book Kaufman, author of a recent book(同位语间完全对等关系，不必使用冠词)take the issue take issue(对持异议，不批准)(2)定冠词缺漏among most among the most one of first one of the firstatmosphere the atmosphere(表达独一无二的事物)（此外尚有如：the Equator, the Outerspace）between us and rest between us and the restin minority in the minority around floor around the floorpiano the piano (西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)English language the English language at heart of at the heart ofworld the world(表达“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)in long run in the long run(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用illustrate the further difference illustrate a further difference (diference第一次提及)注意以下短语的区别in church in the churchat college at the college in court in the court in hospital in the hospital in office in the officein prison in the prison at sea at the sea in school in the school at table at the table6.形容词与副词使用错误have been currently current be well equipped as be as well equipped asheavy industrialized heavily-industrializedspread colossal spread colossally similar strong similarly strongkeep the number constantly at X a year keep number constant at X a yearfeel hopeless thwarted feel hopelessly thwartedcomparative high proportion comparatively high proportion(quakes) start deeply in the earth start deep in the earthin the passed 5 years in the past 5 yearsculture embedded attitudes culturally embedded attitudesas much as as often asfrom one meter afar from one meter away increasing increasinglysimple simply pure purely much many many more large largerearly earlier7.成分残缺或多余(单复数错误)a world which I could get a world in which I could getshows that shows (先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词不可省略)take for granted that take it for grated that1980 1980sone of the most glaring form one of the mist glaring formstheir jobs engage in their interest their jobs engage their interest (engage单独使用表达“占用（某人时间），吸引（某人注意力）”)complain about sth complain sth work sth work out sthbelieve in believe (believe单独使用表达一般的“相信”，believe in表达“信任某人，信仰”)point sth point out sth 20 percents 20 percenteyes contact eye contact seven sevenththe process which it function the process by which it functioncommunication service communicationsservice (通信服务、通讯服务)average incomes average income (income为不可数名词)the like of the likes of(诸如此类的)be referred to XX be referred to as XXbe viewed as work of are be viewed as a work of art(work作为“作品”讲时，为可数名词)8.时态或语态错误went go agreeing agreed consisted consistingbored boring favoring favoredif she was if she were(非真实条件句) involves involvingwill would (虚拟语气中) delaying delayed (已完毕概念或者被动概念)the promise of improving quality of life the promise of improved quality of life (已完毕概念或者被动概念)assure assures (第三人称单数) have has (要看清句子真正的主语)developing developed confronting confrontedthe least understanding the least understoodwhat the have told what they have been toldif circumstances become favorable if circumstances should become favorable