对外经济贸易大学英语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2010年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2015年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2017年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part Terminology and Phrase Translation(30%)Section One:Translate the following terms into Chinese(10 points).1.dynamic equivalence动态对等【答案】2.miss the boat坐失良机【答案】3.spill the beans泄漏秘密【答案】4.semiotic dimension符号学层次【答案】5.postscript附录，后记【答案】6.outsourcing外包【答案】7.transliteration音译【答案】8.tit for tat以牙还牙【答案】9.black sheep害群之马【答案】10.over-translation过度翻译【答案】Section Two:Translate following terms into English(10 points).1.电子商务electronic commerce【答案】2.对冲基金hedge funds【答案】3.次贷危机subprime crisis【答案】4.山寨手机emulational mobile phone【答案】5.暗箱操作black case work【答案】6.本末倒置put the cart before the horse【答案】7.破釜沉舟burn ones bridges【答案】8.网恋online love affair【答案】9.科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development【答案】10.和谐社会a harmonious society【答案】Section Three：Give full forms of the following acronyms and translate theminto Chinese(10 points).1.MOUMemorandum of Understanding谅解备忘录【答案】2.GDPGross Domestic Product国内生产总值【答案】3.POWprisoner of war战俘【答案】4.CPUCentral Processing Unit中央处理器【答案】5.LCLibrary of Congress(美国)国会图书馆【答案】6.NGONon-Government Organization非政府组织【答案】7.BBSBulletin Board System电子公告板【答案】8.LCDLiquid Crystal Display液晶显示器【答案】9.WHOWorld Health Organization(联合国)世界卫生组织【答案】10.EAPEmployee Assistance Program员工帮助计划【答案】Part Passage Translation(120%)Section One:Translate following English passages into Chinese(60 points).Globalization is under strain as never before.Everywhere its stresses rumble.Most of sub-Saharan Africa,South America,the Middle East,and CentralAsia are mired in stagnation or economic decline.North America,WesternEurope,and Japan are bogged down in slow growth and risk renewedrecession.War now beckons in Iraq.For advocates of open markets and free trade this experience poses majorchallenges.Why is globalization so at risk?Why are its benefits seeminglyconcentrated in a few locations?Can a more balanced globalization beachieved?No easy answers to these questions exist.Open markets are necessary foreconomic growth,but they are hardly sufficient.Some regions of the worldhave done extremely well from globalizationnotably East Asia and Chinain recent years.Yet some regions have done miserably,especially sub-Saharan Africa.The truth is that economic performance is determined not only by governancestandards,but by geopolitics,geography,and economic structure.Countrieswith large populations,and hence large internal markets,tend to grow morerapidly than countries with small populations.Coastal countries tend to outperform landlocked countries.Countries withhigh levels of malaria tend to endure slower growth than countries with lowerlevels of malaria.Developing countries that neighbor rich markets,such asMexico,tend to outperform countries far away from major markets.These differences matter.If rich countries dont pay heed to such structuralissues,we will find that the gaps between the worlds winners and losers willcontinue to widen.If rich countries blame unlucky countriesclaiming thatthey are somehow culturally or politically unfit to benefit from globalizationwe will create not only deeper pockets of poverty but also deepeningunrest.This,in turn,will result in increasing levels of violence,backlash,andyes,terrorism.【参考译文】全球化正在经受前所未有的压力。这种压力在世界各地轰轰烈烈地持续着。大部分撒哈拉以南的非洲地区，南美，中东和中亚全都深陷经济停滞或经济衰退的泥潭。北美，西欧和日本陷入缓慢增长的困境，并面临着新一轮的经济衰退。而战争现在正在伊拉克召唤着。对于那些开放市场和自由贸易的倡导者来说，这钟经历提出了重大的挑战。为何全球化风险这样大？为何它的利益似乎只集中在少数几个地方？更加平衡的全球化能够实现吗？对这些问题，并没有简单的答案。开放的市场对经济增长来说是必要的，但却很难说是充分的。世界上有些地区，特别是东亚和中国，近些年来从全球化中获益匪浅，而有的地区则遭遇困境，尤其是撒哈拉以南的非洲。事实是，经济表现不仅取决于管理的标准，还取决于地缘政治，地理位置和经济结构。人口众多的国家拥有巨大的内部市场，往往比人口较少的国家发展速度快。沿海国家的表现往往优于内陆国家；疟疾肆虐的国家发展速度慢于疟疾罕见的国家；毗邻富裕市场的发展中国家，比如墨西哥，则遥遥领先于远离主要市场的国家。这些差异非常重要。如果富国不留意这种结构性的问题，我们会发现世界的贫富差距将继续增大。如果富国责怪这些运气不好的国家声称他们不知为何在文化或政治上不适宜从全球化中受益我们将不仅制造更深层次的贫困，还将加剧动荡不安，继而导致日趋严重的暴力，反击，以及恐怖主义。Section Two:Translate the following Chinese passage into English(60points).近年来，许多中国出口厂商受到了金融危机的冲击，我们必须采取有效措施来对付这种出口低迷的局面，全方位地开拓国际市场。俗话说：“不能在一棵树上吊死。”在选择新市场时要权衡其风险与机会，并且要反映迅速；要随时跟踪市场变化情况，以便选择有利时机和地点抓紧出口。只有那些富有活力、洞察力和应变力的企业才能在市场景气时大显身手，而在市场萧条时也能站稳脚跟。当某些市场疲软时，总还有另一些市场坚挺，所以能够做到“东方不亮西方亮”。出口商品必须有一流的品质、款式和包装，但行之有效的广告宣传和促销活动也很重要，尤其要提高用外语针对国外市场进行宣传的能力。赴国外参展、派人员出国推销、在国外建立生产或销售点等等，一定要讲求实效。【参考译文】In recent years,many Chinese exporters are adversely affected by thefinancial crisis.We must take effective measures to deal with this exportslump,and to develop international markets in all directions.Just as thesaying goes,“do not hang in one tree”,while choosing the new markets,wehave to weigh the risks and opportunities and to react rapidly;we also need tokeep track of the changes in market in order to select favorable time andplace to export.Only those enterprises full of vitality,insight and resiliencecould flourish in the market and survive even in the depressed market.Whensome of the markets are weak,there are always other markets that are strong,thus we are able to find another door when one door shuts.Exports must have first-class quality,style and packaging,but effectiveadvertising and promotional activities are also important,especially thepromotion by foreign languages targeted at foreign markets,which demandsus to improve our language ability.Also,we must be practical and effectivewhile participating in trade fairs abroad,sending staff abroad for promotion,and establishing factories or sales outlets abroad,etc.2011年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part Terminology and Phrase Translation(30%)Section One:Translate the following terms into Chinese(10 points).1.blog博客【答案】2.facebook脸谱网【答案】3.twitter推特【答案】4.Bloomberg彭博（财经资讯公司名称）【答案】5.game theory博弈【答案】6.yellow pages电话黄页【答案】7.private equity私有股权【答案】8.trade deficit贸易赤字【答案】9.bill of lading提单【答案】l0.tertiary industry第三产业【答案】Section Two:Translate the following 10 terms into English(10 points).1.分期付款budget plan/divided payments【答案】2.达人秀talent show【答案】3.次贷危机subprime mortgage crisis【答案】4.朝核会议Talks on North Koreas nuclear programs【答案】5.国富论The Wealth of Nations【答案】6.印花税stamp-duty【答案】7.经济适用房affordable housing【答案】8.节能减排save energy and cut emissions【答案】9.以人为本people-oriented【答案】10.新教伦理Protestant Ethic【答案】Section Three:Give full of the following acronyms and translate them intoChinese(10 points).1.ASEANAssociation of Southeast Asian Nations东盟【答案】2.CATComputer Aided Translation计算机辅助翻译【答案】3.CNNCable News Network美国有线电视新闻网络【答案】4.HBSHarvard Business School哈佛大学商学院【答案】5.HECHautes Etudes Commerciales高等商学院【答案】6.MFNSMost-Favored-Nation Status最惠国待遇【答案】7.IMFInternational Monetary Fund(联合国)国际货币基金组织【答案】8.IPOInitial Public Offerings首次公开募股【答案】9.UNCTADUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易暨发展会议【答案】l0.UNESCOUnited Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization联合国教科文组织【答案】Part Passage Translation(120%)Section One:Translate the following English passage into Chinese(60points).Is the world headed for a food crisis?India,Mexico and Yemen have seenfood riots this year.Whats the cause for these shortages and price hikes?Expensive oil,for the most part.The United Nations Food and AgricultureOrganization(FAO)reported that,at nearly$100 a barrel,the price of oil hassent the cost of food imports skyrocketing this year.Add in escalating cropprices,the FAO warned,and a direct consequence could soon be an increasein global hungerand,as a consequence,increased social unrest.Whatsmore,worldwide food reserves are at their lowest in 35 years,so prices arelikely to stay high for the foreseeable future.On the demand side,one of the key issues is biofuels.Biofuels,made fromfood crops such as corn,sugar cane,and palm oil,are seen as easing theworlds dependence on gasoline or diesel.But when crude oil is expensive,asit is now,these alternative energy sources can also be sold at market-competitive prices,rising steeply in relation to petroleum.With one-quarterof the US corn harvest in 2010 diverted towards biofuel production,theattendant rose in cereal prices has already had an impact on the cost andavailability of food.Critics worry that the gold rush toward biofuels is takingaway food from the hungry Leaders in the biofuel industry respond thatenergy costs are more to blame for high food prices than biofuels.“Energy isthe blood of the world,so if oil goes up then other commodities follow,”Claus Sauter,CEO of German bioenergy firms Verbio said.Others argue thatcleaner-burning biofuels could help stem the effects of climate change,another factor identified by the FAO as causing food shortages.Analysts notethat scientists believe climate change could be behind recent extreme weatherpatterns,including catastrophic floods,heat waves and drought.All candiminish food harvests and stockpiles.But so can market forces.【参考译文】世界是否正步入粮食危机？印度、墨西哥和也门今年已出现了因食物引起的暴乱。造成食物短缺和价格飞涨的原因是什么？主要归咎于昂贵的油价。据联合国粮食和农业组织（FAO）的报道，每桶接近100美元的油价使今年的食品进口成本激增。除了逐步上升的粮食价格，联合国粮食和农业组织还警告说，它导致的另一个直接后果是全球饥荒的增加，这也是社会动乱的重要根源，更糟的是，全球的粮食储备正处于35年以来的最低点，因此，在可以预见的未来，物价很可能保持现有的高水平。从需求的角度来说，另一个关键性的问题是生物燃料。生物燃料以粮食作物如玉米、甘蔗和棕榈油等为原料，被视为缓解世界对汽油和柴油依赖的有效途径。但是，如果像现在这样，原油价格也很昂贵，那么这些可替代能源也能以有市场竞争力的价格出售，上升幅度可以和石油媲美。2010年，美国把四分之一的玉米产量投入生物燃料的生产，随之而来的谷类价格上涨已经对粮食的供求和价格产生影响。评论家认为，对生物燃料的“淘金热”使食物从解决温饱的轨道上脱离。生物燃料行业的领导者则回应说，能源消耗才是造成粮食价格居高不下的祸首，而不是生物燃料。“能源是全世界的血液，如果油价上涨那么其他商品自然亦步亦趋”，克拉斯索特，德国生物能源公司的首席执行官如是说。另一些人则争辩道，使用更环保的生物燃料能减轻气候变化带来的影响，这也是联合国粮食和农业组织认为造成食物短缺的另一个因素。分析人士指出，科学家们相信气候变化是导致最近极端天气模式的幕后黑手，这其中包括泛滥的洪水、持续的高温和干旱。这些都能使粮食产量和储备减少。当然，市场因素也不可忽视。Section Two:Translate the following Chinese passage into English(60points).中美航空运输市场开放，距离真正意义上的双方机会均等、互利共赢，还有一段距离。扩大中美航空运输市场开放力度，将对中国航空企业带来新的压力。在中美航空客运市场上，受市场需求、运力投放、运营管理等因素影响：中国航空企业一直处于劣势，整体上一直处于亏损状态，而美国航空企业则一直回报丰厚。中国航空货运企业发展刚刚起步，而国运业务是美国航空业目前发展最快的业务。美国方面对新航权的强劲需求和中国的相对过剩形成对比，开放领域加大，势必使这种差距也随之加大。航空市场开放力度加大，并非绝对利空。目前，虽然中关航线整体竞争力不强，但部分大型航空公司可以提前布局，以当前的亏损换取未来的繁荣。此外，开放力度的加大，会进一步促进中国民航业的改革，加速行业的整合，加快各运营公司改善自身状况，有利于整个行业的良性发展。【参考译文】The opening up of China-US air transport market still has a long way to gobefore a true realization of equal opportunity,mutual benefit and win-winsituation.The expansion of China-US air transport market will exert a new pressure onChinese airlines.In China-US aviation passenger transport market,influenced by market demand,transport capacity,operations managementand other factors,Chinese airlines have been at a disadvantage,havingdeficits in general,while the US aviation industry is making big money.Chinas air freight enterprise is at a beginning stage,while for the USaviation industry,international transportation is the fastest growing business.There is a sharp contrast between Americas strong demand for more airlinerights and Chinas relative surplus.The opening up of the market will surelyincrease the gap.However,the expansion of the airline market wont necessarily result indeficits.Although currently the whole line is not so competitive,some majorairlines could make layouts in advance,sacrificing current losses for futureprosperity.Besides,the opening up will spur reforms in Chinas civil aviationindustry,promote industry consolidation,and stimulate operating companiesto make improvements,contributing to sound progress in the whole industry.2012年对外经济贸易大学英语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part Terminology and Phrase Translation(30%)Section One:Translate the following terms into Chinese.Write your answerson the ANSWER SHEET(10 points).1.balance sheet资产负债表【答案】2.international arbitration国际仲裁【答案】3.tax agent税务代理（人）【答案】4.debenture公司债券；退税证明书【答案】5.gross weight毛重；总重量【答案】6.generalized system of preferences普遍优惠制(普惠制)【答案】7.fixed cost固定成本【答案】8.stock listings股票上市【答案】9.random access随机存取【答案】10.profit before tax税前利润【答案】Section Two:Translate the following terms into English.Write your answerson the ANSWER SHEET(10 points).1.按揭mortgage【答案】2.薄利多销small profits but quick turnover;small profits and quick returns【答案】3.补贴subsidy【答案】4.动产抵押chattel mortgage【答案】5.进口报关单import declaration【答案】6.房地产real estate【答案】7.分包合同subcontract【答案】8.股息dividend【答案】9.国民待遇national treatment【答案】10.市场调查market research/survey【答案】Section Three:Give the full forms of the following abbreviations andtranslate them into Chinese.Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points).1.AMISAutomated Management Information System自动化管理信息系统【答案】2.BHDBerhad有限公司【答案】3.CBRCChina Banking Regulatory Commission中国银行业监督管理委员会（中国银监会）【答案】4.DPOBdate and place of birth出生时间和地点【答案】5.FEMFinite Element Method有限元方法【答案】6.MTNMultilateral Trade Negotiations多边贸易谈判【答案】7.MSPMedical Services Plan医疗保健计划；Message Security Protocol信息安全协议【答案】8.NNWNet National Welfare国民福利指标【答案】9.PAOPublic Affairs Office公共事务办公室【答案】10.SACSecurities Association of China中国证券业协会【答案】Part Passage translation(120%)Section One:Translate the following English passage into Chinese.Writeyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET(60 points).The concept captured the zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution.Manyyoung people,especially those in the counterculture,had viewed computersas instruments that could be used by Orwellian governments and giantcorporations to sap individuality.But by the end of the 1970s,they were alsobeing seen as potential tools for personal empowerment.The ad castMacintosh as a warrior for the latter cause-a cool,rebellious and heroiccompany that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evilcorporations plan for world domination and total mind control.Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making apenny.Apples stock price kept dropping,and by March 2003 even the newoptions were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of$75 million worth of shares,which amounted to about$8.3 million for eachyear he had worked since coming back in 1997 through the end of the vestingin 2006.None of this would have mattered much if the Wall Street Journal had not runa powerful series in 2006 about backdated stock options.Apple wasntmentioned,but its board appointed a committee of three membersAl Gore,Eric Schmidt of Google,and Jerry York,formerly of IBM and Chryslertoinvestigate its own practices.”We decided at the outset that if Steve was atfault we would let the chips fall where they may,”Gore recalled.Thecommittee uncovered some irregularities with Jobs grants and those of othertop officers,and it immediately turned the findings over to the SEC.Jobs wasaware of the backdating,the report said,but he ended up not benefitingfinancially.(A board committee at Disney also found that similar backdatinghad occurred at Pixar when Jobs was in charge.)The laws governing such backdating practices were murky,especially sinceno one at Apple ended up benefiting from the dubiously dated grants.TheSEC took eight months to do its own investigation,and in April 2007 itannounced that it would not bring action against Apple“based in part on itsswift,extensive,and extraordinary cooperation in the Commissionsinvestigation and its prompt self-reporting.”Although the SEC found thatJobs had been aware of the backdating,it cleared him of any misconductbecause he“was unaware of the accounting implications.”The SEC did f