东华大学外语学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目录2011年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2012年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2013年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2016年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2011年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.(30 points)Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations orterminology into their target language respectively.There are together 30items in this part of the test,15 in English and15 in Chinese,with one pointfor each.1LTD【答案】激光目标指示器（Laser Target Designator）2CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数（Consumer Price Index）3R.S.V.P.【答案】请回复（Rpondez,sil vous plait;Reply,if you please.）4LSE【答案】伦敦证券交易所（London Stock Exchange）5ATT(C)【答案】美国电话电报公司（American Telephone and Telegraph Co.）6VTR【答案】磁带录像机（videotape recorder）7SW【答案】短波（Short Wave）8EEC【答案】欧洲经济共同体（European Economic Community）9CAF【答案】成本加运费价格（Cost And Freight）10Alongside Delivery【答案】船边交货11Exchange Settlement【答案】外汇结算12Installment Payment【答案】分期付款13Named Departure Point【答案】指定发货地点14Debit Note【答案】借项清单15Notice of Damage【答案】损害通知单16全损【答案】Total Loss17分批装船【答案】Installment Shipment18增值税【答案】Value-added Tax19中等发达国家【答案】moderately developed countries20运费免付【答案】carriage free21工商管理学学士【答案】BBA(Bachelor of Business Administration)22零售价格指数【答案】RPI(Retail Price Index)23瑞士法郎【答案】Swiss Franc24聚酯纤维【答案】polyester fiber25自由关税区【答案】Tariff-free Zone26转账凭单【答案】Transfer Warrant27注销支票【答案】Cancelled Check28中国国际信托投资公司【答案】CITIC(China International Trust and Investment Corporation)29直送航线【答案】direct route30账面赤字【答案】Paper DeficitII.(120 points)Directions:Translate the following two source texts into theirtarget language respectively.Source Text 1:Letter of CreditPayment is of great importance in international trade.The final result ofbusiness activities is to get the amount of money for goods supplied orservices rendered.Otherwise,all would be meaningless.Among all the modes of payment(remittance,collection and letter of credit)letter of credit is the most widely used.The letter of credit is a kind of bank credit instead of commercial credit likeremittance or collection.It is a written document drawn to the exporter by thebank.at the request of the importer.By means of letter of credit,both theseller and buyer are well protected：The exporter is assured of the paymentWhen he dispatches the goods,while the buyer is assured of the title to thegoods before he pays for them.In payment by letter of credit,there are six parties concerned:The applicant:also called the opener,usually it is the importerThe opening bank or the issuing bankThe advising bank or the notifying bankThe beneficiary usually it is the exporterThe negotiating bankThe paying bank or the drawee bankThere are many kinds of letter of credit among which documentary L/C is themost widely used in international trade.In documentary letter of creditoperations,all parties concerned actually deal in documents,instead of goods.Therefore,banks must examine all the documents with great care to makesure that everything is in accordance with the terms and conditions of thecredit.As a seller,you should always have a clear understanding of your risks inconcluding a contract of sale and requirements in relation to the worthiness ofthe buyer,the political,economic and legal situation in the buyers countryand the buyers own liquidity.This helps you to decide what kind ofdocumentary letter of credit you may require-revocable letter of credit,unconfirmed irrevocable letter of credit or confirmed irrevocable letter ofcredit.(328 words)【参考译文】信用证支付在国际贸易中具有重要的意义。商业活动的最终结果就是对所提供货物和服务收回应得的金额，否则一切都失去了意义。在所有的支付方式（汇付、托收和信用证）中，最为广泛使用的当属信用证。信用证是银行信用，不像汇付和托收属于商业信用。它是银行应进口商的要求开立给出口商的一种书面文件。信用证使买卖双方都受到了很好的保护。出口商只要发运了货物便可保证收回货款，而买方在付款之前就能获得对货物的所有权。在信用证支付中，有六方当事人：开证申请人（又称开证人，通常是进口商）开证银行通知银行受益人（通常是出口商）议付银行付款银行或受票银行信用证的种类很多，其中跟单信用证是国际贸易中最广泛使用的一种。在跟单信用证交易中，买卖双方实际上不是进行货物交易，而是在进行单据交易。因此，双方银行一定要认真地审查所有的单证以确保这些单证与信用证上的条款一致。作为卖方，你应该清楚地了解你在买方的价值和买方的价值、买方国家的政治、经济和法律的情况以及买方自身的流动性的情况下订立销售和要求的合同。作为卖方，你应该始终清楚了解你在订立与买方价值，买方国家的政治，经济和法律状况以及买方自身流动性方面有关的销售合同和要求存在的风险。这有助于你决定什么样的信用证可能需要可撤销的，未经确认的不可撤消的或确认的不可撤销的信用证。Source Text 2:经济发展应与环境保护齐头并进。在解决环境问题时，不仅要考虑各国的眼前利益，还要考虑全世界的长远利益。目前，应该首先解决发展中国家的水土流失，沙漠化，植被减少，以及水旱灾等环境污染和生态环境的恶化的问题。这些问题的解决将不仅消除对发展中国家环境与发展的威胁，也对全球的环境保护和经济发展极为有利，中国在经济发展的过程中非常重视环境保护，并且把环境保护作为一项基本国策。中国愿意承担与其发展水平相适应的责任和义务，也愿意和包括亚洲各国在内的国际社会进行合作和交流，为改善全球生态环境，促进入类社会文明做出积极的贡献。只要世界各国本着同舟共济的精神，务实合作，积极行动，就一定能在发展经济的同时保护好地球环境，使之成为人类安居乐业的美好家园。（319 words）【参考译文】Economic development should go hand in hand with environmentalprotection.When we tackle environmental problems,consideration should begiven to both the immediate interests of various countries and the long-terminterests of the whole word.At present,priority should be given to addressingthe environment degradation problems in developing countries such as soilerosion,desertification,vegetation reduction and floods and droughts.Thesettlement of these problems will not only eliminate the threat to theenvironment and development in developing countries,but also benefit theglobal environmental protection and economic development.China attachesgreat importance to environmental protection in the process of economicdevelopment,and make environmental protection a basic national policy.China is willing to assume its responsibilities and obligations in line with itslevel of development and is also willing to cooperate and exchange with theinternational community,including Asian countries,to make a positivecontribution to improve the global ecological environment and promotesocial civilization.As long as the world cooperate pragmatically and takepositive action in the spirit of helping each other,it will be sure to developthe economy at the same time to protect the Earths environment,making it abeautiful place to live and work in peace.2012年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.(30 points)Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations orterminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether 30items in this part of the test,15 in English and 15 in Chinese,with one pointfor each.1C.I.F.【答案】到岸价格；成本、保险加运费（cost,insurance and freight）2NNP【答案】国民净产值（Net National Production）3UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational,Scientific,andCultural Organization）4DOF【答案】自由度（Degree of Freedom）5IQ【答案】智力商数（Intelligence Quotient）6R.U.【答案】橄榄球协会（Rugby Union）7ZPG【答案】人口零增长（Zero Population Growth）8House Bill【答案】总公司汇票9Mobil Oil Corporation【答案】美孚石油公司10Bill of Exchange【答案】汇票11Customhouse Broker【答案】报关行；海关代理人12Revocable Letter of Credit【答案】可撤销信用证13packed weight【答案】包装重量；毛重14Export License【答案】出口许可证15Date of Expiration【答案】截止日期16单价【答案】Unit Price17关税未付【答案】duty unpaid18证券交易所【答案】Stock Exchange19输出港【答案】port of exportation20承运人【答案】a freight agent21投保金额【答案】insurance amount22石油输出国组织【答案】OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)23花旗银行【答案】Citibank24运输方式【答案】mode of transport25船上交货【答案】FOB(Free On Board)26交易费用【答案】transaction cost27见票即付（即期汇票）【答案】Sight Bill28发展中国家【答案】developing countries29净利润率【答案】Net Profit Rate30出口价格指数【答案】Export Price IndexII.(120 points)Directions:Translate the following two source texts into theirtarget language respectively.Source Text 1:This Contract signed in _(month)on _(date),_(year),by andbetween _(hereinafter referred to as the“Seller”)and _(hereinafterreferred to as the“Buyer”)on the other hand.The Seller shall sell and deliver to the Buyer _ units of products eachunit to contain _ kilograms of product.The product delivered under thisAgreement shall conform to the standard specifications for the productadopted by the _ Trade Association.The price shall be _ dollars per unit,F.O.B _(place).The price specified above is based on freight rates on the goods between thewarehouse of the Buyer and the factory of the Seller.If such freight ratesincrease or decrease,the price specified shall be adjusted accordingly.Payment shall be made by net cash against sight draft with bill of ladingattached showing the shipment of the goods.Such payment shall be madethrough the _(bank)of _(place).The bill of lading shall not bedelivered to the Buyer until such draft is paid.If the Buyer is unable to sell out the amount of goods which he has agreed topurchase from the Seller,the Buyer may reduce the quantity of goods to bedelivered to him by giving notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment ismade.If the Seller refuses to agree to the reduction of the amount of goods tobe delivered,the Seller may cancel this Agreement.The Buyer shall give shipping instructions in time and provide necessaryshipping space,otherwise,the Seller shall not be under the obligation tomake the shipment within the stipulated time.In case any party fails to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement,the other party reserves the right to cancel the Agreement after the demand inwriting addressed to the defaulting party.If the defaulting party has notcomplied with the demand,the Agreement shall immediately terminate.(345words)【参考译文】本合同由 _（以下称“卖方”）和 _（以下称“买方”）于_年_月_日签订。卖方将出售并交付给买方 _ 单位产品，每单位装 _ 公斤。依此协议提供的产品要符合 _ 贸易协会所采用的标准规格。购买价格为 _（地点）船上交货价格，每单位 _ 元，此价格为买方指定在 _ 港装货的船上交货价。上述价格是根据卖方工厂至买方仓库间的运费确定的，如果运费增加或减少，规定价格要作相应的调整。即期汇票和所附表明货物发运的提单通过 _ 银行以现金支付。汇票未付清之前，提单不交给买主。如果买方不能销售他已同意从卖方所购数量的货物，买方可以在卖方发货之前通知卖方减少发货数量。如果卖方不同意减少发货量，可撤消本合同。买方必须及时提供装船通知和必需的舱位，否则，卖方没有义务（责任）按规定的时间装船。如果任何一方未能履行本协议对其规定的义务，另一方向有过错的一方提出书 面要求后有保留取消本协议的权利。如果有过错一方未能满足其要求，协议应立即终止Source Text 2:杭州位于浙江省北部，钱塘江北岸，大运河的南端，是中国古老的风景名城。五代时的吴越国和南宋均曾在此建都，历时237年。蜿蜒曲折的钱塘江，穿过浙江西部的崇山峻岭到这里后，江面开阔，景色壮丽。特别是每年中秋前后有钱塘江潮，怒涛奔腾汹涌，蔚为天下大观。美丽迷人的西湖，位于杭州市区的西面，总面积5.6平方公里。湖面波光闪闪，湖边茂林修竹，景色四季宜人。宋朝诗人杨万里有诗云：毕竟西湖六月中，风光不与四时同；接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红。杭州风景奇异，名胜古迹众多，可说是处处引人入胜，令人流连忘返。(242 字）【参考译文】Hangzhou,an ancient renowned city for its picturesque scenery,is situated inthe northern part of Zhejiang province,along the northern bank of QiantangRiver and at the southern terminus of the Grand Canal.Hangzhou also servedas an imperial capital for 237 yearsfirst as the capital of the State of Wuyue(907-978)during the Five Dynasties Period,and again as the capital of theSouthern Song Dynasty(1127-1279).After running through high|loftymountain ridges of the western part of Zhejiang,the winding Qiantang Riverbecomes wider with majestic scenery.Especially around the Moon Festivalevery year,one can enjoy the raging tidal bore,which is a most spectacularnatural phenomenon.Lying in the west part of the city,the charming WestLake covers a total area of 5.6 square kilometers.With glistening water andluxuriant trees and bamboo groves along its bank,the West Lake hasattractive landscape all the year round.Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli oncewrote a poem:“After all,the scenery of the West Lake in June is differentfrom other time;Lotus leaves are extremely green extending to the sky,lotusare especially red under the sun.”Hangzhou has many scenery spots and historical sites.It is so fascinating thatone will enjoy oneself so much as to forget to go home.2013年东华大学外语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.(30 points)Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations orterminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether 30items in this part of the test,15 in English and 15 in Chinese,with one pointfor each.1preferential policy【答案】优惠政策2marital status【答案】婚姻状况3customs duties【答案】关税；进口税4legal person representative【答案】法定代表人5Bonded Area【答案】保税区6China Democratic League【答案】中国民主同盟会7exit visa【答案】出境签证8a polytechnic university of science and technology【答案】理工科技大学9Sales Contract【答案】销售合同10terms and conditions【答案】条款和条件；合同条款11the principle of equality and mutual benefit【答案】平等互利原则12Purchase Confirmation【答案】购货确认书13amusement facilities【答案】游乐设施14on-the-spot investigation【答案】实地考察15the Lantern Festival【答案】元宵节16外向型经济【答案】export-oriented economy17流动资金【答案】liquidity18授权书【答案】Letter of Authorization19交流项目【答案】exchange program20进口许可证【答案】import license21出口信用担保【答案】Export Credit Guarantee22年销售额【答案】annual sales23支柱产业【答案】pillar industry24中国特色社会主义【答案】socialism with Chinese characteristics25国际金融中心【答案】International Finance Centre(IFC)26技术开发区【答案】technology development zone27自治区【答案】autonomous region28海外华侨【答案】overseas Chinese29改革开放政策【答案】the reform and opening-up policy30独立和主权【答案】independence and integrityII.(120 points)Directions:Translate the following two source texts into theirtarget language respectively.Source Text 1:This insurance covers:(1)Total or Constructive Total Loss of the whole consignment herebyinsured caused in the course of transit by natural calamities-heavy weather,lightening,tsunami,earthquake and flood.In case a constructive total loss isclaimed for,the insured shall abandon to the Company the damaged goodsand all his rights and title pertaining thereto.The goods on each lighter to orfrom seagoing vessel shall be deemed a separate risk.“Constructive TotalLoss”refers to the loss where an actual total loss appears to be unavoidableor the cost to be incurred in recovering or reconditioning the goods togetherwith the forwarding cost to the destination named in the Policy would exceedtheir value on arrival.(2)Total or Partial Loss caused by accidents-the carrying conveyance beinggrounded,stranded,sunk or in collision with floating ice or other objects asfire or explosion.(3)Partial loss of the insured goods attributable to heavy weather,lighteningand/or tsunami,where the conveyance has been grounded,stranded,sunk orburnt,irrespective of whether the event or events took place before or aftersuch accidents.(4)Partial or total loss consequent on falling of entire package or packagesinto sea during loading,transshipment or discharge.(5)Reasonable cost incurred by the insured in salvaging the goods oraverting or minimizing a loss recoverable under the Policy,provided thatsuch cost shall not exceed the sum insured of the consignment so saved.(6)Losses attributable to discharge of the insured goods at a port or distressfollowing a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading,warehousing and forwarding of the goods at an intermediate port of call orrefuge.(7)Sacrifice in and Contribution to General Average and Salvage Charges.(8)Such proportion of losses sustained by the ship-owners as is to bereimbursed by the cargo owner under the Contract of Affreightment both toblame collision cause.(323 words)【参考译文】本保险负责赔偿：（1）被保险货物在运输途中由于恶劣气候、雷电、海啸、地震、洪水自然灾害造成整批货物的全部损失或推定全损。当被保险人要求赔付推定全损时，须将受损货物及其权利委付给保险公司。被保险货物用驳船运往或运离海轮的，每一驳船所装的货物可视作一个整批。推定全损是指被保险货物的实际全损已经不可避免，或者恢复、修复受损货物以及运送货物到原订目的地的费用超过该目的地的货物价值。（2）由于运输工具遭受搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞以及失火、爆炸意外事故造成货物的全部或部分损失。（3）在运输工具已经发生搁浅、触礁、沉没、焚毁意外事故的情况下，货物在此前后又在海上遭受恶劣气候、雷电、海啸等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。（4）在装卸或转运时由于一件或数件整件货物落海造成的全部或部分损失。（5）被保险人对遭受承保责任内危险的货物采取抢救、防止或减少货损的措施而支付的合理费用，但以不超过该批被救货物的保险金额为限。（6）运输工具遭遇海难后，在避难港由于卸货所引起的损失以及在中途港，避难港由于卸货，存仓以及运送货物所产生的特别费用。（7）共同海损的牺牲、分摊和救助费用。（8）运输契约订有“船舶互撞责任”条款，根据该条款规定应由货方偿还船方的损失。Source Text 2:科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问，来不得半点虚假，需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时，科学也需要创造，需要幻想，有幻想才能打破传统的束缚，才能发展科学。科学工作者不应当把幻想让诗人独占了。嫦娥奔月，龙宫探宝等许多幻想，由于科学发展，今天很多都变成了现实。伟大的天文学家哥白尼说过，人类的天职在于勇于探索真理。中国人民历来是勇于探索，勇于创新的。我们一定要打破陈规，披荆斩棘，开拓我国科学发展的道路。既异想天开，又实事求是，这是科学工作者应有的风格。让我们在无穷的宇宙长河中探索无穷的真理！（242 字）【参考译文】Science is practical learning,which tolerates no falseness and demandstremendous efforts.Meanwhile,it also demands creation and fantasy.Onlyfantasy can cut off the bound of the tradition and develop science.L