强调句型用法及注意项目.doc

强调句型使用方法及注意事项一、强调句型使用方法在英语中，我们常见It iswas who/that结构来突出强调句子某一成份(通常是句子中主语，宾语或状语)。在这个句型中，it没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调成份。假如被强调成份是表示人词，用who或that来连接全部能够。假如是其它成份，则一律用that来连接。It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday.(强调地点状语) FIt was yesterday that I met my old teacher in the park.(强调时间状语)7 g U( 4 B: xIt was my old teacher that I met in the park yesterday.(强调宾语) U5 T, % Q( K. y4 d+ O: It is Mr Smith who/that thinks Tom is a clever boy.(强调主语) U. o% W二、使用本句型多个注意事项 1被强调成份是主语，whothat以后谓语动词应该在人称和数上和原句中主语保持一致。 E.g. It is I who am right It is he who is wrong It is the students who are lovely 2即使被强调成份是句子中时间状语，地点状语，原因状语等，也不能用when，where, because，要用 that。 E.g. It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again. It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed It was because of the heavy rain that he came late3假如被强调成份有同位语，同位语也应提前。It was from him，his chemistry teacher，that Paul learned to watch carefully in class4被强调成份是作主语代词，用主格，是作宾语代词，用宾格It was he that helped me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday.5被强调部分既包含人又包含物，用that不用wholt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about6.在强调结构中,不管被强调是人还是物,是单数还是复数,be动词一律用is/was形式,假如原句谓语动词是通常过去时,就用was;假如是通常现在时,就用is.也能够用情态动词+be形式.如:, : H! S! E; L0 WIt is the monitor who wins the first prize in the exam.- h& ?( l+ E, oIt was the farmers who/that lived a hard life be fore liberation.: - zP2 _: tIt might be yesterday that John bought a book for Mary. n6 X; 8 o5 6 g 0 o lIt will be Xiao Wang who go with you. . L5 b5 j1 c$ E( J) D三、区分定语从句和强调句型一些定语从句和强调句型形式差不多，轻易混淆。假如去掉it is was .that句子仍然通顺成立，则为强调句型，不成立不通顺，则为定语从句。 E.g. It was three years ago that he went to American for a further study去掉It was that句子为Three years ago he went to America for a further study句子通顺，意思完整，那么，这就是一个强调句型。四、强调句型也有疑问句形式.通常疑问句强调形式,只需将is/was提前,移至句首即可,即:Is/Was itthat.特殊疑问句强调形式,须将陈说句变成通常疑问句,再在句首加上疑问词,即疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was + it + that + 句子其它部分.如:1 X; s$ _$ T* RJ: eWas it last year that the building was completed ) m- W3 l1 M, q7 0 |; e% w; |How was it that he went to school , Q L* |+ H5 r5 R1 _ q7 b0 L. w% a哲理性,故常见通常现在时.比如:6 o/ I0 t- f2 N1 qIts a wise father who knows his own child.不管多聪慧父亲也不见得了解自己孩子. z4 p4 H: i/ 1 B+ E+ zIts an ill wind that blows nobody(any)good.此失则彼得(没有使全部人全部受害坏事).+ c u6 x谁打坏了窗户全部要受四处罚All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需只是供油问题。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.那贼最终把偷全部东西交给了警察。 （十一）难点分析（一）限制性定语从句只能用that多个情况1当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意1：部分时候that能够省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。注意2：当先行词指人时，偶然也能够用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only，the same, the last 修饰时(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶然也能够用who(3) He is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词现有些人，也有动物或物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（二）关系代词as和which引导定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不一样之处。具体情况是：1As和which全部能够在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或主句以后，甚至能够切割一个主句；which引导非限制性定语从句只能放在主句以后。另外，as有“正如，正像”意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上因果关系时，常见which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 当先行词受such, the same修饰时，常见as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶然也用that引导定语从句，不过和由as所引导定语从句意思不一样(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿一样裙子。(三）以the way为先行词定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常能够省略。(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but有时也能够做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who dont )(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词具体内容，是补充说明关系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成份，有时能够省略；同位语从句关键由that引导，在句中通常不做成份；句子也能够由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成份(1) The news that he has just died is true.(2) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位语从句和先行词通常能够用be动词发展成一个完整句子，而定语从句不可.(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all. 18. 定语从句 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词以后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有： when, where, why等。18.1 关系代词引导定语从句 关系代词所替换先行词是人或物名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成份。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词替换先行词是人名词或代词，在从句中所起作用以下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?她就是你想见人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.她就是我昨天见那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还能够同of which交换）, 比如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家全部跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮书。3）which, that 它们所替换先行词是事物名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，比如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）定语从句介词+关系词1）介词后面关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3）一些在从句中充当初间，地点或原因状语介词+关系词结构能够同关系副词when 和where 交换。比如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过房子。This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部那一天吗？Do you remember the day when you joined our club？4 X, H! Q