五年级英语下册期末重点单词语法汇总.docx

五年级英语下册期末重点单词、语法汇总一、重点单词用法1. call v. 称作 What do you call it in English?2. like v. 喜欢sth. I like English very much.like to do sth. I like reading very much, but I dont like to read now.doing sth.3. lets + 动词原形 Lets (=let us) make animals. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事4. want v. 想，想要want sth. I want a piece of paper.to do sth. I want to watch TV.5. 情态动词情态动词很简单，没有人称数之变，动词原形后边站，can表能力 may许可 should应该 would愿 must必须 ，否定neednt换 have to不得不表客观二、重点语法A) 一般现在时1. 概念：一般现在时表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。2. 构成：一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式：(1)be型：句子的谓语动词只有be(am，is或are)：a.肯定句中，只出现be，如：I am a student.我是一名学生。b.否定句中，要在be后面加not，如：She isnt a teacher.她不是教师。c.一般疑问句，要将be放在句子开头(注意句首字母大写)，句尾用问号，答语用Yes，主语+be.或No，主语 + be + not.如：Are you ready?你准备好了吗?Yes，I am.是的，我准备好了。(No，Im not.不，我没准备好。)(2)实义动词型：句中的谓语动词为实义动词(也叫行为动词)：a.肯定句中，只出现实义动词，如：I get up in the morning.我早晨起床。b.否定句中，要在实义动词前面加do(does)+not，do(does)作助动词，本身无意义，常与not缩写成dont(doesnt)，如：I dont like vegetables.我不喜欢蔬菜。c.一般疑问句，要在句子开头加助动词Do(does)，句尾用问号，简略答语用Yes，主语+do(does).或No，主语+do(does)+not.如：Do you like oranges?你喜欢桔子吗?Yes，I do.是的，我喜欢。(No，I dont.不，我不喜欢。)3. 一般现在时的用法1) 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every, sometimes, at, on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now.B) 一般将来时一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。二、基本结构： be going to + do; will+ do.三、否定句：在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。What do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 问什么时候。When. 例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.七、be going to和will 的区别be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，但它们的用法是有区别的。1. be going to主要用于：(1)、表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算要做的事情。What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么?Dad and I are going to see a Beijing opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看京剧。Im going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。 Shes going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。(2)、表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。e.g. Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集，天要下雨。I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。2. will主要用于在以下几个方面：(1)、表示单纯的未来“将要”通用各个人称。e.g. They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。Ill come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。(2)、表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。e.g. Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。(3)、问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令.e.g. Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗?C) 现在进行时构成:主语+be+动词ing现在分词形式第一人称+ am + v-ing 第二人称+ are + v-ing 第三人称+ is +v-ing现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 已经确定或安排好的将来活动Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.(已经安排了) were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了)d. 有些动词(状态动词不用于进行时态)(1)表示知道或了解的动词:believe, doubt, forget, imagine, know, remember, realize, suppose, understand(2)表示“看起来”“看上去appear, resemble, seem(3)表示喜爱或不喜爱hate, like, lover, prefer(4)表示构成或来源的动词 be, come, from, contain, include(5)表示感官的动词 hear see smell sound taste(6)表示拥有的动词belong to, need, own, possess, want, wish20 20