八年级英语复习资料汇编.pdf

容预览:八年级上英语语法点滴1)leave的用法1.“leave+地点”表示离开某地。例如：When did you leave Shanghai?你什么时候离开上海的？2.“leave for+地点”表不“动身去某地”。例如：Next Friday,Alice is leaving for London.下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?你为什么要离开上海去北京？2)情态动词should“应该”学会使用should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know?我怎么知道？Why should you be so late today?你今天为什么来得这么晚？should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点：1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗干净了再来。2.用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。3.用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来。Created withn nitroPDrprofessional3）What.?与 Which.?1.what与which都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father?你父亲是干什么的？该句相当于：What does your father do?What is your fathers job?Which指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：-Which is Peter?哪个是皮特？-The boy behind Mary.玛丽背后的那个男孩。2.What.?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而Which.?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：What color do you like best?（所有颜色）你最喜爱什么颜色？Which color do you like best,blue,green or yellow?（有特定的范围）你最喜爱哪一种颜色？3.what与which后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：Which pictures arefrom China?哪些图片来自中国？4）频度副词的位置1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：always（总是，一直）usually（通常）often（常常，经常）sometimes（有时候）never（从不）2.频度副词的位置：a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到。b.放在行为动词前。如：We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在7：10去上学。c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：Sometimes I walk home,sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。Created withn nitroPDrprofessional3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：Never have I been there.5)every day 与 everyday1.every day作状语，译为“每一天”。如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天 7：10 去上学。I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语。2.everyday作定语，译为“日常的”。She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。What,s your everyday activity?你的日常活动是什么？6)什么是助动词1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。被协助的动词称 作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英 语。(doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a.表示时态,例如:He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got married.他已结婚。b.表示语态，例如：He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d.与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：I dont like him.我不喜欢他。e.加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定 来参加晚会。He did know that.他的确知道那件事。3.最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,wouldCreated withn nitroPDF，!jrofessionaldownload tfiefree trial online at mbopdf com/profesMondl7)forget doing/to do 与 remember doing/to do1.forget to do忘记要去做某事。（未做）forget doing忘记做过某事。（已做）The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。（没有做关灯的动作）He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。（to come 动作未做）典型例题-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off答案：Co由the light is still on可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forgetto do sth.而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符 合题意。2.remember to do记得去做某事（未做）remember doing记得做过某事（已做）Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don，t you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗？8）I ts for sb.和 I ts of sb.1.for sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,impossible 等：I ts very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的。2.of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,rightoCreated withn nitroPDrprofessionalI ts very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我，你真是太好了。3.for与of的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用Of,不通则用foro如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。He is hard.（人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。）9）对两个句子的提问新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一 个句子进行自由提问。例如：句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提问：1.Who has three pens?2.Which boy has three pens?3.What does the boy in blue have?4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也 体现了考试的灵活性。再如：句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?10）so such与不定冠词的使用1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：He is so funny a boy.Created withn nitroPDrprofessionalJim has so big a house.2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：I t is such a nice day.That was such an interesting story.11)使用-ing分词的几种情况1.在进行时态中。如：He is watching TV in the room.They were dancing at nine o clock last night.2.在 there be 结构中。如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在 have fun/problems 结构中。如：We have fun learning English this term.They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.4.在介词后面。如：Thanks for helping me.Are you good at playing basketball.5.在以下结构中：enjoy doing sth乐于做某事finish doing sth完成做某事feel like doing sth想要做某事stop doing sth停止做某事forget doing sth忘记做过某事go on doing sth继续做某事remember doing sth记得做过某事like doing sth喜欢做某事keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事find sb doing sth发现某人做某事see/hear/watch sb doing sth看到/听到/观看某人做某事try doing sth试图做某事Created with)nitroPDrprofessionaldownload ttiefree trial online at nittopdf com/profesHo(w|need doing sth需要做某事prefer doing sth宁愿做某事mind doing sth介意做某事practice doing sth练习做某事be busy doing sth忙于做某事cant help doing sth禁不住做某事miss doing sth错过做某事12）英语中的“单数”L主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如：he,she,itmy friend,his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marys uncle2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：man（单数）men（复数）banana（单数）-bananas（复数）3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：go-goes-going-went-gonework-works-working-worked-workedwatch-watches-watching-watched-watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如:The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.12）英语中的“单数”L主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he,she,it”代替的。如:he,she,itmy friend,his teacher,our classroom,Tom,Marys uncleCreated withn nitroPDF，!jrofessionaldownload Hie free tnal online at nibopdf com/profeswondl2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：man（单数）men（复数）banana（单数）-bananas（复数）3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：go-goes-going-went-gonework-works-working-worked-workedwatch-watches-watching-watched-watched当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：The boy wants to be a sales assistant.Our English teacher is from the US.Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13）名词的复数构成的几种形式名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I名词复数的规则变化1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如：pear-pearsdesk-deskshamburger-hamburgerstree-trees结尾的名词，词尾加-es。如：dish-dishesbox-boxes词尾加-es。如：tomato-tomatoeshero-heroeseSo 如：dictionary-dictionariescountry-countries2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-xclass-classeswatch-watches3.以字母-。结尾的某些名词,potato-potatoesNegro-Negroes4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，将-y变为-i,再加-family-familiescity-citiesCreated withn nitroPDF，!jrofessionaldownload tfiefree trial online at mbopdf com/profesMondl5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,half-halvesthief-thievesself-selveslife-livesshelf-shelves但是：scarf-scarves(fes)serf-serfschief-chiefsbelief-beliefsI I名词复数的不规则变化将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:leaf-leavesknife-kniveswife-wiveswolf-wolvesloaf-loavesroof-roofsgulf-gulfsproof-proofs如:1.将一oo 改为一eeo 如：foot-feet2.将-man改为-men。如：man men woman womenpoliceman-policemen postman-postmen3.添加词尾。如:child-children4.单复数同形。如：sheep-sheepfish-fishdeer-deerpeople-peopletooth-teeth5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变，其它国把-s加后面”。Chinese-ChineseJapanese-JapaneseSwiss-SwissEnglishman-EnglishmenFrenchman-FrenchmenAmerican-AmericansAustralian-AustraliansCreated withn nitroPDF，!jrofessionaldownload tfiefree trial online at mbopdf com/profesMondlCanadian-CanadiansKorean-KoreansRussian-Russians I ndian-I ndians6.其它。如：mouse-miceapple tree-apple treesman teacher-men teachers14)双写最后一个字母的-ing分词初中阶段常见的有以下这些：1.let-letting 让hit-*hitting打、撞cut-cutting切、割get-*getting取、得到sitf sitting坐forget-forgetting忘记putf putting放setf setting设置babysit-*babysitting临时受雇照顾婴儿2.shop-shopping购物trip-*tripping绊stopf stopping停止drop-*dropping放弃3.travel-*travel(1)ing旅游swim-*swimming游泳run-*-running跑Created withnitroPDrprofessionaldownload Hie free trial online at nitjopdf corn/pro fesuorwldig-*digging挖、掘begin-*beginning 开始prefer-*preferring 宁愿planf planning 计戈15）肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词1.some 变为 any。如：There are some birds in the treeThere arent any birds in the tree.但是，若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中，some可以不变。如：Would you like some orange juice?与此相关的一些不定代词如something,somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and 变为 or。如：I have a knife and a ruler.-*I dont have a knife or a ruler.3.a lot of（=lots of）变为 many 或 much。如：They have a lot of friends.（可数 名词）-*They dont have many friends.There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可数名词）-*There isnt much orange in the bottle.4.already 变为 yet。如：I have been there already.-*I havent been there yet.16）in 与 afterin与after都可以表示时间，但二者有所区别。Lin经常用于将来时的句子中，以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间。如：He will leave for Beijing in a week.一周后他会动身去北京。2.after经常用于过去时的句子中，以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间。如：He left for Beijing after a week.一周后他动身去了北京。不过，如果after后跟的是具体的时刻，它也可用于将来时。如：We will finish the work after ten oclock.十点后我们会完成工作的。Created withn nitroPDF，!jrofessionaldownload tfiefree trial online at mbopdf com/profesMondl3.注意区分以下的in的用法。I 11 visit him in a week.一周后我会去拜访他。I 11 visit him twice in a week.一周内我会去拜访他两次。17）不定冠词a与an的使用l.a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如：There is a b in the word book.单词book中有个字母bo类似的字母还有：c,d,g,j,k,p,q,t,u,v,w,y,zoShe has a small knife.她有一把小刀。2.an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。如：There is an i in the word“onion.单词onion中有个字母io类似的字母还有：a,e,f,h,1,m,n,o,r,s,x0Do you have an umbrella?你有一把雨伞吗？3.以元音字母开头的单词前面不一定都用an；以辅音字母开头的单词前面也不一定都用a。如：a useful booka universea one-letter wordan houran unclean umbrellan honest personCreated withn nitroPDrprofessional18)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”？英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种，常见的有以下这些：1、put on主要表达“穿”的动作。如：He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。You,d better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子。2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如：The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。3、dress可作及物动词，有“给.穿衣”的意思，后接“人”，而不是“衣服”。如：Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。dress也可作不及物动词，表示衣着的习惯。如：The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。4、be in表示穿着的状态。如：John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。The man in black is a football coach.19)a little,a few 与 a bit(of)a little,a few与a bit(of)都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别在哪里呢？1.a little意为“一些、少量，后接不可数名词。如：There is a little waterin the bottle.瓶子里有一点水。还可以接形容词。如：He is a little shy.他有些害羞。2.a few意为“一些、少数，后接复数的可数名词。如：There are a few peoplein the room.房间里有一些人。3.a bit意为“一点儿”，后接形容词。如：I ts a bit cold.有点冷。a bit of后接不可数名词。如：He has a bit of money.他有一点儿钱。4.a little 表肯定意义,little 表否定意义；a few表肯定意义，few表否定意义。如：Created withn nitroPDrprofessionalThere is a little soda in the glass.杯子里有一点儿汽水。There is little soda in the glass.杯子里几乎没有汽水了。I have a few Chinese friends.我有一些中国朋友。Few people like him.几乎没有人喜欢他。5.a little=a bit of,后接不可数名词；a little=a bit=a little bit=kind of,后接形容词，意为有点儿”。20）关于like的用法like可以作动词，也可以作介词。like作动词，表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”，有泛指的含义。如：Do you like the color?你喜爱这种颜色吗？like后可接不定式（like to do sth）,也可接动词的-ing分词（like doing sth）,有时意思不尽相同。如：She likes eating apples.她喜爱吃苹果。（习惯）She likes to eat an apple.她喜爱吃一粒苹果。（平常不喜欢吃）like与would连用，后接不定式，表示愿望或客气的请求。如：Would you like a cup of tea?您愿意喝杯茶吗？“喜欢某人做某事”可以用结构“like sb to do sth/doing sth。如：They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他们都喜欢我唱英文歌。2 like作介词，可译成“像.”。如：She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们友好，就像母亲一样。I t looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。3、区分以下句子：A.What does he look like?B.What is he like?A句译为“他长相如何？”指一个人的外貌特征；而B句译为“他人怎么样？”指人的 性格特点。Created withn nitroPDrprofessionalC.The boy like Peter is over there.D.A boy like Peter can，t do it.A句指外貌相似，而D句指性格相似。21）stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth1.stop to do sth 意为“停下来去做某事。如：The students stop to listen to their teacher.学生们停卜来去听他们老师讲话。2.stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事。如:The students stopped talking.学 生们停止了谈话。与它们相反的句式是：go on to do sth“继续做某事（与刚才一事不同）”和go on doing sth“继续做某事（与刚才同一件事）”。如：He finishes his homework and goes on to study English 他完成了作业，接着继续 去念英语。They went on playing games.他们继续玩游戏。22）tell,speak,say 与 talk1.tell意为“告诉、讲述，指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或讲述一件事。如：He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.他告诉我说他想成为一位教师。Father always tells interesting stories to us.爸爸总是给我们讲有趣的故事。tell sb sth 意为”告知某人某事。如：He told me something about his past.他 告诉我一些他的往事。tell sb to do sth意为“告诉某人去做某事。如：David told his son to do the homework.大卫要他的儿子去做作业。2.speak意为“说话、讲话”，后面主要接语言。如：He can speak English and a little Chinese.他能讲英语和一点汉语。speak to意为“和 讲话、谈话”。如:Can I speak to Mr Zhang?我能和张先生讲话吗？Created withn nitroPDrprofessionalspeak of意为“提到、说起。如:The book speaks of my hometown.那本书提到我的家乡。3.talk意为“谈话、讲话”，如果只有一方对另一方说话时，一般用talk to；如果双方或多方交谈，多用witho如：Please talk to him right now.请立即同他谈话。He is talking with his friend.他在和朋友交谈。talk about 意为”谈论.”。如：They are talking about the movie.他们在谈论那部电影。have a talk with 意为与.交谈。如:Can I have a talk with you?我可以和你交谈吗？4.say 意为“说。如：Can you say it in English once more?你能用英语再说一遍吗？say to 意为“对.说。如：He said to his students that they would havea test.他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。I t is said that.意为“据说”。如：I t is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.据说他能呆在水里很长时间。23）Excuse me!与 I m sorry!1.Excuse me!意为“打搅了！对不起！”，一般是为了与陌生人搭话，或者要打断对方所说（做）的事。如：Excuse me,is there a hotel in the neighborhood?请问，附近有旅馆吗？Excuse me,could I say something?打搅一下，我能说一些吗？2.I m sorry!意为“对不起！”，表示道歉。如：Created withn nitroPDrprofessionalI m sorry,Mr Zhang.I won，t do it again.对不起，张先生。我不会这么做了。24）表示时间的in、on与atin,on与at都可以和表示时间的词（组）连用。1.in表示时间的一段或较长的时间。如：in the morning 在上午in May,2004 在 2004 年五月in a week在一周之内（后）I ts Sunday,I can finish it in two days.现在是星期天，我能在两天后完成。（星期二）Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是在一天内建起来的。2.on主要指在具体的一天。如：on Sunday在星期天on May Day 在五一节on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004.他于 2004 年 4 月 26 日到达北京。3.at表示时间的一点或比较短的时间。如：at 8:00在八点 noon在中午I always get up at 6:00 every morning.我总是每天早晨六点起床。I ts always warm at this time of year.每年的这个时候总是暖和的。25）Other及其用法Other 及其相近的词（组）,如 others,the other,the others,another,any other等，一直是中学生朋友们比较困扰的问题，平常的考试、作业中经常出错。下面是它们的一些用法：1、other指其余的人或物，所有格是others,复数形式是others,the other指“两个人或物中的另一个“，其复数形式是the others,others相当于“other+名词”，所以不能充当定语，修饰名词。others指整体中去掉一部分后剩余的部分，但不是全部的，Created withn nitroPDrprofessional即some.others(一些.其余的人.)。the others强调整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部，即 some.the others.2、another泛指三个以上的不定数目中的“另外一个。由an和other合并构成,所以不能和冠词连用。another修饰单数名词，比如：another pencil.3、any other指除去本身以外的“任何其他的人或物”，后面要用名词的单数形式。26)look 短语常见的look短语有以下这些:1.look at 朝.看 Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。(look at=have a look at)2.look for 寻找 The old man is looking for his dog.老人在寻找他的狗。3.look like 看起来像 Nancy looks like her mother 南希看起来像她母亲。4.look the same 看上去一样 Li Ping and Li Jing look the same.李萍和李晶看上去一样。5.look up 查找 Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。6.look over 仔细检查 The doctor looked over Mary carefully.医生仔细检查了玛丽。7.look after 照顾，照看 You must look after your old father.你必 须照顾你的老父亲。8.look around 至!J处寻找、查看 We looked around,but we found nothing strange.我们四处查看，但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。27)too,also 与 eitherL to。用于肯定句和疑问句，一般放在句尾，其前常加逗号。如:Created withn nitroPDF，!jrofessionaldownload tfiefree trial online at mbopdf com/profesMondlWe are in the same school,too.我们也在相同的学校。Do you play soccer every day,too?你也每天踢足球吗？2.also