Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars第1页Period 1 Warming up and pre-reading第2页第3页第4页What subjects do you learn at school?lChineselEnglish lmathematicslphysicslchemistrylgeographylbiologylhistory第5页physicschemistrybiologygeology mathematicsMedicineBiochemistryGeophysicsAstronomyScience subjectsFrontier science第6页Warming upmedicinebiology chemistry astronomy physics mathematics第7页geophysicsgeology physics biochemistry biology chemistry第8页Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies(such as the sun,the moon,and stars),gas,and dust within it.astronomer第9页Solar system第10页 水星最靠近太阳，是太阳系中第二小行星。水星英文名字Mercury来自罗马神墨丘利。墨丘利也就是希腊神话中Hermes。或许因为水星在空中移动得快，才使它得到这个名字。金星是离太阳第二近，太阳系中第六大行星。古希腊人称之为Aphrodite(阿芙罗狄蒂)，是希腊神话中爱与美女神。而在罗马神话中爱与美女神是维纳斯Venus，所以金星也称做“维纳斯”。第11页 地球是距太阳第三颗，它是太阳系类地行星中最大一颗，也是太阳系第五大行星，行星年纪预计大约有45亿年(4.5109)。地球是唯一一个不是从希腊或罗马神中得到名字。Earth一词来自于古英语及日耳曼语。这里当然有许多其它语言命名。在罗马神话中，地球女神叫Tellus肥沃土地。火星为距太阳第四远，也是太阳系中第七大行星。因为火星在夜空中看起来是血红色，所以在西方，以罗马神话中战神Mars命名它。第12页 木星是离太阳第五颗行星，而且是最大一颗。木星是天空中第四亮物体。木星是自转最快行星。在西方称它为朱庇特Jupiter，是罗马神话中众神之王，相当于希腊神话中宙斯（Zeus）。土星是离太阳第六远行星。是太阳系中仅次于木星第二大行星。中国古代称之为镇星或填星。土星英文名字Saturn（以及其它绝大部分欧洲语言中土星名称）是以罗马神农神萨杜恩命名。希腊神话中农神Cronus是Uranus（天王星）和该亚儿子，也是宙斯父亲。第13页 天王星是太阳系中离太阳第七远行星，颜色为灰蓝色，是一颗巨型气体行星(Gas Giant)。以直径计算，天王星是太阳系第三大行星；天王星命名，是取自希腊神话天神乌拉诺斯 Uranus。乌拉诺斯是古希腊神话中宇宙之神，是最早至高无上神。他是该亚儿子兼配偶，是Cronus（农神土星）、独眼巨人和泰坦父亲。海王星为太阳系九大行星中第八个，是一个巨行星。海王星。当前海王星是太阳系内离太阳第二远行星。海王星名字是罗马神话中海神涅普顿（Neptune）。古希腊神话中海神叫波塞冬(Poseidon)。第14页1.Do you know how did the universe begin?第15页Each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe?Pre-readingPangu separates the sky from the earth.第16页Pangu separates the sky from the earth第17页 Pangu separated the earth and sky with an ax.After he died,his breath became wind and cloud;his voice became thunder and his left eye sun and right one moon;arms and legs became edges and mountains;blood became rivers and tendon(筋筋脉脉)became roads;muscles became fields and hair stars;teeth and bones became metals,pearls and jade;sweat became rain.第18页Other legends about the beginning of universeThe Holy Bible第19页The Biblical AccountDay 1:God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2:God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3:God spoke and created dry land 上帝创世说：第20页Day 4:God spoke and created the sun,moon and stars Day 5:God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6:God spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7:God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy 第21页Brahman(婆罗门婆罗门)is the god first represented in the Hindu Triad.He is the creator of the universe and all living beings are said to have evolved from him.India第22页Period 2 Reading How Life Began on the Earth第23页Do you know the origin of the human beings?第24页Man had evolved from apes.第25页EarthHow life began on the earth第26页The Big Bang 第27页Big BangA solid ballAtmosphere The earth第28页It was full of water.第29页Original cells.第30页The cells in the water began to separate.第31页waterPlants in the waterShellfish and fishPlants on land第32页Insects and amphibiansReptiles Dinosaurs Mammals 第33页Man had evolved from apes.第34页watergreen plants on land234How life began on the earthAnalysing 5678forestsshellfish and all sorts of fishinsects(on land)amphibians(on land and in water)reptiles(on land)dinosaurs(on land)mammals(on land)small clever animals with hands and feet human small plants in water1第35页A cloud of dustCombine into a solid ballExplodewith fire&rock(produce H2O,CO2,O2,N2,other gases)atmosphereCool downwater appeared dissolve harmful gases into Life beganLife developed第36页The development of life第37页Scanning1.What was produced when the earth exploded?2.How did water come into being on the earth?3.Where did life first begin,on the land or in the sea?4.Why were mammals different from other animals?第38页1.What was produced when the earth exploded?Water vapour,carbon dioxide,oxygen,nitrogen and other gases.2.How did water come into being on the earth?The explosion of the earth produced water vapor,which turned into water when the earth cooled down.第39页3.Where did life first begin,on the land or in the sea?In the sea.Because water dissolved harmful gases and made it possible for life to begin.4.Why were mammals different from other animals?Because they produced their young from within their bodies.第40页Careful Reading Finish the comprehending on page 27第41页Think about what you have read and make choices.Why was the earth different from other planets?A it produced a lot of heat.B.The water remained.C Water disappeared.D.It was the oldest planet.Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?A The earth had a solid shape.B.The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.C The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.D.The earth was not too hot and not too cold.第42页Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?A Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.B Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.C Animals could hide from hunters in forest.D It was easier for plants to grow.What problem is caused by human being?A They exist everywhere on the earth.B They cause global warming.C They find new methods of growing crops.D They enjoy hunting and fishing.第43页Comprehending 1.B C B B2.D B I G E H A C F Ja cloud of dusta solid ballpresence of watersmall plants grow on the watershellfish and other fish appearplants begin to grow on dry landinsects and amphibians appearreptiles appeardinosaurs appearmammals(including humans)appearP26(6)第44页Listen to the tape 第45页1 23 4 5 6 789Small plants in waterShellfish and all sorts of fishGreen plants on landInsects(on land)Amphibian(on land and in water)ForestsReptiles(on land)Dinosaurs(on land)Mammals(on land)The development of life第46页What problems have been caused by humans to the earth?How to protect the earth and make it a better place to live on?第47页第48页Retell第49页Text Retelling The explosion of the earth produced_ _,which turned into water when the earth cooled down.Water allowed the earth to _ harmful gases into the oceans and seas.That made it possible for _ to begin to develop.The arrival of small _ encouraged the development of early _ and all sorts of fish.Many millions of years later the first green plants began to appear on land.watervapourdissolvelifeplantsshellfish第50页Later land animals appeared.Some were_.Others,called_,were able to live on land as well as in the sea.When the plants grew into forests,_appeared for the first time.Then _developed,which became the most important animals on the earth for millions of years.After they disappeared,_ became more important.Text Retellinginsectsamphibiansreptilesdinosaursmammals第51页They were the last group of animals and they were different because they _ their young from within their bodies.Small clever animals,with hands and feet,_ and _ all over the earth.As time went by,they covered the earth and have become the most important animals on the planet.Text Retellingproducedappearedspread第52页Period 3 Grammar:Subject clause第53页Can you find the following sentence in the reading passage?In this sentence,a noun clause is used as the subject.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.第54页Please pick out three more sentences with subject clauses from the reading passage.1.because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.2.What scientists think is that the earth was different because of 3.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 第55页P64 USING STRUCTUREDo you know where we come from?How did the universe begin?Read the passage and try to understand how Stephen Hawking solved the problems?第56页1.What has attracted Stephen Hawking all his life?2.Does he think it simple to answer the questions?Whats his opinion?3.What have we discovered about the universe,past and present?4.How can we have a complete picture of the universe?What the universe is like has attracted him.No.The answers have always well beyond our reach.Milky Way galaxy;billions of galaxies,in a universe that is infinite and expanding;big bang;black hole;a dark matter;a possible Big Crunch.Learning to understand what we see.第57页1._ the universe is like has attracted Stephen Hawking all his life.2._ is clear and simple about the universe has always seemed too difficult for us to answer.3._ the universe exists the way it does is a major question to all those who have looked at stars like Hawking.4._ has developed over two thousand years of observation has to be greatly revised.5._ in the universe we live is not the centre,but one of the mine planets orbiting the sun,which is just one of millions of stars in our own Milky Way galaxy.WhatWhatWhy What where第58页6._ we understand the universe is the time when we human beings will have answered all the questions.7._ we can have a complete picture of the universe depends on learning to understand what we see.8._ Hawking wants to tell us in this text is that we should study the universe.understand it.When HowWhat第59页做主语用名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句有隶属连词that,whether，连接代词who,what,which，连接副词when,where,how,why等。第60页1.连接词：连接词：1）隶属连词：）隶属连词：that，whether等等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成份，但际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成份，但不能省略。不能省略。That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain.第61页2)连接代词连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.由由whether及其它连词引导主语从句放及其它连词引导主语从句放在句首，句后都可。在句首，句后都可。Whether it will please them is not easy to say.Whether shes coming or not doesnt matter too much.第62页3)连接副词连接副词when，where，how，why等。等。Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a great scientist is known to us all.2.位置：位置：主语从句能够前置，也能够后置。主语从句能够前置，也能够后置。用用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，惯用下面几个句型。惯用下面几个句型。1）It+be+表语表语 +主语从句主语从句表语：（名词，表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）形容词，过去分词）第63页It is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is true that I told her everything.It is a pity that we cant go.It is no surprise that our team should have won the game.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.It is said that Mr.Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.第64页2）It+不及物动词或短语不及物动词或短语+主语从句主语从句It seemed(happened,doesnt matter,has turned out)that It happens that they were absent.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.第65页3)It+及物动词（被动语态）及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.注意注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；不过假如用导，不能省略这些连接词；不过假如用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，隶属连词隶属连词that能够省略。能够省略。第66页误：误：They should like each other is natural.正：正：That they should like each other is natural.正：正：It is natural that they should like each other.2)假如主语从句放在句首，不能用假如主语从句放在句首，不能用if引引导，不过假如用导，不过假如用it 做形式主语，而把主做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也能够用语从句放在句末时，也能够用if引导引导.误：误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.第67页1.I have always been honest and straightforward,and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A.who is it B.who it is C.it is who D.it is whom 2.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.A.that B.when C.what D.how 第68页3._ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;because第69页4._ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5._ that they can pass the written exam this time.A.That is hoped B.It is hoped C.It hopes D.That hopes第70页6.It was doubtful _ Mary really heard him.A.that B.if C.whether D.what第71页Reading comprehension:Put the following sentences into Chinese:1.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.随即它会变成什么曾经是一个谜，直到最终这团尘埃开始慢慢地合成一个围绕太阳运转球状物。2.The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.问题是地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。第72页3.It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases,which had become part of the earths atmosphere,into the oceans and seas.它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中有害气体，溶解在海洋里。4.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.在未来千百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到处理。第73页HomeworkReview the subjective clause.Finish the exercise on the workbook.第74页Period 4 Language points第75页1.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun.1._ （使大家吃惊是）is that he didnt come to the meeting.What surprised everybody 2._（他所做）added to our difficulty.What he did _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what_ made the school proud was _ more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.What;because B.What;that;C.That;what D.That;becauseAB第76页2.The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not.问题是地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继问题是地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去。续下去。n.n.固体固体 solid,liquid,gas adj.固体；实心固体；实心,无空隙；坚固，坚固无空隙；坚固，坚固 solid fuels solid food a solid sphere solid furniturea man of solid build1)Matter has three states:solid,liquid and gas.2)When water freezes,it becomes solid and we call it ice.第77页 be to(do):(something)will definitely happen,or it must happen 不可防止要发生或必须发生不可防止要发生或必须发生 e.g.They said goodbye,little knowing that they were never to meet again.She is to be honoured for this great work.Mr.Clark said to his daughter,“You are to be home by 10 oclock at the latest.”第78页3.It exploded loudly with fire and rock,which were in time to produce the water vapour,1).（使某物）炸开，爆炸使某物）炸开，爆炸 2).（指感情）激发（指感情）激发 3).（指人口）突然或快速增加（指人口）突然或快速增加 The firework exploded in his hand and he was hurt seriously.I was frightened when she exploded into loud laughter.Now it is not easy to find jobs with the exploding population.explosion n.爆炸（声）爆炸（声）explosive adj.爆炸性，易爆炸爆炸性，易爆炸 n.n.炸药，爆炸物炸药，爆炸物 第79页in time(for sth/to do sth):not late 及时；不迟及时；不迟She will be back in time to prepare dinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。她来得及回来准备晚饭。in time:sooner or later;eventually 迟早；最终迟早；最终Ill see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。总有一天我会遇见他。in/out of time:in/not in the correct time 合合/不合节拍不合节拍The audience clapped in time to the music.观众合着音乐节拍拍手。观众合着音乐节拍拍手。第80页4.As the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.伴随地球冷却伴随地球冷却,地球表面就开始出现了水。地球表面就开始出现了水。cool adj.adj.凉快；冷静；冷淡凉快；冷静；冷淡 v.（使）变冷；冷静下来（使）变冷；冷静下来 1)Lets sit in the shade and get cool.2)I knew I had to keep cool.3)His play received a cool response from the public.4)The rain has cooled the air.5)Let your soup cool a little before you drink it.6)A heated argument can be settled better if both sides cool down first.7)I