考研英语 完形填空.pdf

考研英语完形填空真题解析Teachers need to be aware of the emotional,intellectual,and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes.Growing bodies need movement and 23,but not just in ways that emphasize competition.24 they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others.However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,28,publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,29 student artwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs.A variety of small clubs can provide 30 opportunities for leadership,as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics.Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.In these activities,it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37.This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.38 they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.A thoughtBideaC opinionD advice22.A strengthenB accommodateC stimulateD enhance23.A careB nutritionC exerciseD leisure24.A IfB AlthoughC WhereasD Because25.A assistanceB guidanceC confidenceD tolerance26.A claimedB admiredC ignoredD surpassed27.A improperB riskyC fairD wise28.A in effectB as a resultC fbr exampleD in a sense29.A displayingB describingC creatingD exchanging30.A durableB excessiveC surplusD multiple31.A groupB individualC personnelD corporation32.A consentB insuranceC admissionD security33.A particularlyB barelyC definitelyD rarely34.A similarfB longC dif!erentD short35.A if onlyB now thatC so thatD even if36.A everythingB anythingC nothingD something37.A offB downC outD alone38.A On the contraryC On the wholeB On the averageD On the other hand39.A makingB standingC planningD taking40.A capabilityB responsibilityC proficiencyD efficiency文章背景这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。主要介绍了老师需要了解 青少年经历的情感、智力和身体上的变化。他们还需要认真思考他们如何才能够最好地适应 这些变化。成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼，但并不只是通过强调竞争的方法来锻炼。因为他 们正在适应他们身体的新变化和许多新的智力和情感挑战，青少年特别敏感，他们需要信心，这种信心来自于取得成功并知道别人羡慕他们的成就。答案详解21.【解析】A语义辨析/固定搭配题。第二句中的And说明该句是对上句的补充，be aware of 意识到，想到与A项thought思考，思想意思一致，而与B项idea 主意，观点，想法，C项opinion”意见和D项advice 建议不相照应；四个词都可以和give连用，但是idea和opinion是可数名词，前面需要不定冠词an,而give an idea to和give an opinion to的对象都应是人。D干扰性最大，容易选错，但是give advice to的对象也应该是人，而 要想与后面的how从句衔接则必须使用介词on,故不正确。22【解析】B语义辨析题。根据原文的含义，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们(young adults)很好地适应这些变化。此题的难点在于对accommodate一词词义的理解，可能很多 考生只了解它的第一个意思提供住宿，而不熟悉另外两个重要的意思是使满意;使适应。此题的选择还有一个重要的线索，就是紧接着下文中的adjust to(适应)，二者语义相近。23.【解析】C语义辨析题。本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。Growing bodies need movement and,but not just in ways that emphasize competition.并列连词 and 确定空格处的词 汇与movement相似或者属于同类事物;转折词but not指示方向，but not just in ways that emphasize competition.确定要选择的名词是一种运动竞技项目。不难发现，四个选项中只有C.exercise表示练习，锻炼”，是一种竞技运动。因此，正确答案是B.exercise练习。24.解析D逻辑关系题。they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self conscious and.从句they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,.青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战;主句teenagers are especially self conscious他们的自我意识强.不难发现，两个句子是因果关系。因此，正确答案为 D.because o 句子Becauce they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self conscious and”因为青少 年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战,所以他们的自我意识强并且。”25.【解析】C语义衔接题。本题目选择名词，后面的定语从句提供信息选择答案。顺着上一题的线索：句子叙述到 Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self conscious and need thethat comes from achieving success and knowing o 并列连词 and 确定供选的词汇与 self conscious并列，表示一种性格特征;定语从句that comes from achieving success”取得成 功所需要的，限定该词汇的性质。他们所需要的是来自于取得成功被别人钦佩的信 心”。因此，正确答案为C。26.【解析】B语义衔接题。本题目选择动词的过去分词形式，在句子中构成被动语 态，充当谓语动词 o 句子叙述至Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments areby others.”因为他们正在调整自己以适应身体的变化和许多新的智力上和情感上的挑战，所以 他们自我意识很强并且需要信心，这种信心来自于他们所取得的成功以及他们的成就被别 人。句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。顺着上一题的线索，此处关键在于 accomplishments和什么动词搭配。从上文已经推定此处动词的意思应为钦佩，崇拜，所以 选 B.admired.27【解析】D语义衔接题。本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当表语。句子叙述到However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would beto plan activities in which there are more winners than losers然而，典型的青年人的生活方式已经充 满了如此众多的竞争，那么组织一些赢者多于输家的活动是之举。句子中it”是形式 主语，不定式短语 to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers”是真正的主 语，主语提供信息决定答案。A.improper不合适的和B.risky冒险的是否定的意义，与整 个句意不符;C.fhir”公平的，这里讨论的是行为的性质，与公平与否无关。所以选D.wise。28【解析】C逻辑关系题。本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后的逻辑关系。句子叙 述至lj However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,publishing newsletters with many student written book reviews,.空格后面列举了几个并列结构，不难 发现该逻辑关系为举例列举。选项前后是例证关系，后面列举的行为均属于用来具体说明前 面的activities,形成照应关系。选项A.in effect事实上;B.as a result结果是;C.for example 例如;D.inasense从某种意义上说。因此，正确答案为C.for example例如。”然而,典型的 青少年生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，以至于组织一些胜者多败者少的活动是明智 的，例如出版学生书写的读书笔记%29【解析】A逻辑关系/语义衔接题。本题目选择动词的动名词形式，在句子中充当 谓语动词。句子叙述到 However,the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,fbr example,publishing newsletters with many student written book reviews,student artwork,and sponsoring book discussion clubs.解题时需看清句中平列的逻辑关系，”出版包括许多学 生所作的书评的简报，(展示)学生创作的艺术品，举办读书座谈俱乐部等。不难发现，选 项A.displaying展示，展出，”展出学生的艺术作品”，符合语句含义，同时与出版学生书 写的读书笔记构成并列关系。因此，正确答案为A。30【解析】D词汇辨析题。该题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。句子叙述到Avariety of small clubs can provideopportunities for leadership,”各种各样的小型俱乐部能够提供.的机会锻炼孩子们的领导力”。选择形容词，被修饰的名词提供信息。选项A.durable耐用 的;持久的;与opportunities不搭配;B.excessive过度的;C.surplus过剩的;都有过分之义，含有否定的意思，与文意不符。正确选项D.multiple多样的与句子主语中的variety相照 应。31.【解析】A逻辑关系/语义衔接题。与上文相连，opportunities后面两个for说明 提供的是什么样的机会;由as well as连接的介词短语与前一个for引导介词短语是并列关系，译为不仅提供机会而且提供机会”，前者leadership是个体能力，后者则是指在成 功的集体活动中得到锻炼的机会，所以选A。32.【解析】D语义衔接题。本题存在一个意思上的相应关系，即the of organization 与the support of adult对应，可以判断D正确。本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。句子 叙述至Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,and many shy students need theof some kind of organization.交朋友对于年轻人极其重要，并且许多腼腆的学生需要 的 某种组织给予的，而且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持。选项A.consent内容，含 量;满意，满足B.insurance保险，安全保障;C.admission承认，允许进入;D.security安全，安全感。33.【解析】B语义衔接题。with引导一个介词复合结构作定语，修饰organization,其中支持他们的成人只能在背后出现，这与B.barely”仅仅，刚好”的意思一致。Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adultvisible in the background.腼腆的学生需要力口入某种团体 以获得安全感，在幕后有成年人的支持。rarely”罕见地”一般表否定，不合语义;barely是 肯定的意义,相当于常见的only。34.【解析】D语义衔接题。第二段讲的是如何组织活动，使学生保持持久的兴趣和 注意。之所以如此，是因为青少年的注意周期(attention spans)不够长，这一点也可凭借常 识判断。同时，下文中participants can remain active as long as they want.参与者能尽可能长 的保持活跃的心态的信息也证明了青少年的有意注意时限很短。因此，正确答案为D。35【解析】C逻辑衔接题。做35题时要联系36,37题分析。全句要表达的意思是 应该组织各种各样的活动，让参与者按照自己的意愿尽可能长久的保持活跃状态，然后还 可以过渡到别的活动上去，既不会让他们感到内疚，又不会让别的参与者失望。在第35题 前后的两个句子中，第二句说明的是第一句的活动组织所要达到的目的，所以选Co A.if only”只要，但愿”，引起虚拟条件状语从句，且从句经常独立出现，表示说话人的意愿;B.now that 既然，引起原因状语从句;D.even if”即使，引起让步状语从句。36.【解析】D词汇辨析题。本题目选择不定代词。句子叙述到A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on toelse without feeling guilty and.”应当组织各种各样的活动以至于参与者能保持活跃的心 态。随后参加别的活动而不感到内疚。由于没有任何活动的范围，因此只能是不定的 另一项活动。选项B.anything任何一件事最具迷惑性，它表示在某个范围内的任何一件 事。由于句子中没有指出活动范围，因此，正确答案为D。37【解析】B固定搭配题。本题目选择与let构成的搭配，在句子中与前面的短语 without feeling guilty 没有感到内疚”并列。句子叙述到 A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants.”应当组织各种各样的活动 以至于参与者能保持活跃的心态。随后参加别的某一个活动而不感到内疚，并且不会让参与 者o选项A.let.o任准许暂停;放开;下车;发射B.letdown让扫兴，失望;C.let.out泄露;D.letalone放任，不干涉38【解析】A逻辑衔接题。本题选择体现逻辑关系的短语，体现前后两个句子的逻 辑关系。句子叙述至This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility.they can help students acquire a sense of commitment.这并不意味着成年人就没有责任，他们可以帮 助学生获得一种责任感两句间形成对比关系，所以选Ao On the other hand 另一方 面”必须与On the one hand 一方面构成搭配。因此，正确答案为A。39【解析】C惯用衔接题。本题目选择与fbr构成的搭配，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述至On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment byfbr roles.相反，他们可以通过角色帮助学生获得一种责任感。选项A.make for向 方向走;B.stand for代表，表示;C.plan for为 做计划;D.take for误以为，把 看 做因此，正确答案为C.plan for为做计划。相反，他们可以通过为学生设计或安 排角色为角色做计划来帮助学生获得一种责任感。”40.【解析】A语义辨析题。本题目选择名词，roles后面的that引导定语从句，修饰 前文的roles,阐述这些角色应该在学生的能力范围和注意力保持期间内，并且要把规则交 代清楚。句子中 On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within theirand their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.相反，他们可以通过为角色做计划来帮助学生获得一种责任感。这些角色是在之内的并 且是在注意力限度内的角色。选项A.capabilities能力，”能力范围内的角色，符合句子含 义。参考译文教师应该了解青少年智力、情绪和身体各方面的变化，同时他们也应该慎重关注青少年 如何适应这些变化。不断成长的身体需要运动和锻炼，而不仅仅是为了进行竞争，因为总是 要适应新的身体状况和情感方面的诸多挑战。他们的自我意识特别强烈，需要给他们成功的 信心，看到自己的成就，他们就想得到别人的赞扬。不过典型的青少年的生活中已经充斥着 太多的竞争，所以聪明的做法是组织一些获胜者多于失败者的活动，例如，出版刊有许多学 生撰写书评的通讯，展出学生的艺术品，主办有关书籍辩论的俱乐部。各种小型俱乐部可以 提供多种多样的机会，锻炼孩子的领导才能也可以借助集体的力量成功地提供实践机会。交 朋友对青少年来说是十分重要的，许多害羞的学生需要某种组织的安全感，而且需要有一个 成年人在幕后给予支持。在这些活动中，记住下面的一点很重要：青少年的注意力集中的时间很短。应该组织各 种各样的活动来迎合他们，使他们能够保持能动性，然后参加别的活动，这样他们就不会感 到不安，也不会使其他参与者失望。但这并不意味着成年人一点责任也没有，相反，成年人 可以通过对青少年的能力和注意力所及活动的策划以及通过对游戏规则的清晰阐述，帮助学 生获得一种参与感.2004年考研英语完形填空真题解析Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 23 with others.Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status 25 as a rejection of middle class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control.All theories,however,are tentative and are 28 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates.For example,changes in the economy that 30 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain.The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 33 changes these years.More families consist of one parent households or two working parents;34,children are likely to have less supervision at home 35 was common in the traditional family 36.This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school,the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol,and the growing 39 of child abuse and child neglect.All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,40 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.21.A actingB relyingC centeringD cementing22.A befdreB unlessC untilD because23.A interactionsB assimilationC cooperationD consultation24.A retumB replyC referenceD response25.A orB but ratherC butD or else26.A consideringB ignoringC highlightingD discarding27.A onB inC fbrD with28.A immuneB resistantC sensitiveD subject29.A affectB reduceC chockD reflect30.A pointB leadC comeD amount31.A in generalB on averageC by contrastD at length32.A caseB shortC tumD essence33.A survivedB noticedC undertakenD experienced34.A contrarilyB consequentlyC similarlyD simultaneously35.A thanB thatC whichD as36.A systemB structurefC conceptD heritage37.A assessableB identifiableC negligibleD incredible38.A expenseB restrictionC allocationD availability39.A incidenceB awarenessC exposureD popularity40.A providedB sincefC althoughD supposing文章背景本文是一篇关于青少年犯罪的文章，原文的标题是Juvenile Crime（青少年犯罪）。原文分 为六个部分：Introduction（青少年犯罪介绍）;History（青少年犯罪的历史）;Juvenile Crime in the U.S.（青少年犯罪在美国的现状）;Causes of Delinquency（青少年犯罪的起因）;Treatment ofOffenders（犯罪者的治疗措施）;Juvenile Crime in Other Nations（其他国家青少年犯罪介绍）。试 题中的文字出自青少年犯罪的起因一节。答案详解21.【解析】C语义衔接题。Theoriesonthe individual 于个人的理论”。选项A.acting on作用于；B.relying on依赖于;C.centering on集中于;D.commenting on评论。前面句子 focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.”许多有关青少年 犯罪根源的理论或者强调个人或者强调社会作为导致犯罪的主要原因。”因此，正确答案为 Co centering on集中于，强调个人作为导致犯罪的主要原因的理论。22.【解析】D逻辑衔接题。,that children engage in criminal behaviorthey were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds 孩子从事犯罪行为 以前的错误行为没有得到 足够的惩罚。不难发现，前后两个句子是因果关系。因此，正确答案为D。23.【解析】A语义衔接题。,or that they have learned criminal behavior throughwith others.或者他们通过跟其他人的 学会犯罪行为。选项A.interaction相互作用或影响;B.assimilation 同 化;C.cooperation 合 作;D.consultation 咨询。从 前面的 learned criminal behavior来判断，与别人的交往（相互作用或影响）是染上犯罪行为的途径。因此，正确答案 为Ao24.【解析】D语义衔接/惯用衔接题。children commit crimes into their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,孩子犯罪 想提高社会经济地位却遭受失败 0不 难发现，前后两个部分之间是因果关系。选项A.inreturn作为回报，一般不与to连用;B.in reply to作为回复;C.in reference to关于，参考;D.in response to由于，作为回应，这里可以 引申为由于，出于”的意思，表达一种因果关系。25.【解析】A逻辑衔接题。children commit crimes in response to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic statusas a rejection of middle class values.”孩子犯罪是因为想提高 社会经济地位却遭受失败由于他们对中产阶级的价值观念持否定态度产阶级的价值观 给拒之门外。选项A.or或者;B.but rather但是宁愿;C.but但是;D.or else然而。此处空格 表达的是一种并列关系，按照对应关系此处应为。r。因此，正确答案为A。26.【解析】B语义衔接/结构衔接题。Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families,the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.大多数青少年犯罪的理论都将矛头指向单亲家庭的孩子身上，富裕家庭孩子也 犯罪的事实。选项A.considering考虑到；B.ignoring忽略;C.highlighting强调，启发;D.discarding抛弃。大多数青少年犯罪的理论都将矛头指向单亲家庭的孩子身上，忽略了富 裕家庭孩子也犯罪的事实”，符合句子含义。因此，正确答案为B。27.解析C结构衔接题 o The latter may commit crimeslack of adequate parental control.后者也犯罪缺少足够的父母控制。”不难发现，句子前后体现的是因果关系。因此，正 确答案为C.for lack of译为由于缺少028【解析】D语义衔接题。本题目选择areto 的短语，在句子中充当谓语。句子 叙述到 All theories,however,are tentative and areto criticism.然而，所有的理论都不是定论，常常批评。选择谓语动词，主语和宾语提供信息决定答案。选项A.be immune to对 免疫;B.be resistant to 抵制;C.be sensitive to 对 敏感;D.be subject to 遭受。与该空 并列的形容词tentative表示尝试性的，因此”容易招致批评，正确答案为D。29.【解析】A语义衔接题。Changes in the social structure may indirectlyjuvenile crime rates.社会结构的变革可能会间接 青少年犯罪率。选项A.affect影响;B.reduce减少;C.check检查