外研版高中英语第三册五模块语法定语从句市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

Module twoGreat People and Great Invention of Ancient China Grammar-the attributive clausesShangdongprovinceNingjinmiddleschoolNo.1byDongZhenlin第1页 1.平等平等adj_n._adv._2.仁政主要性仁政主要性_3.ordera)秩序：秩序：把某物放好把某物放好;井井有条井井有条;乱七八糟乱七八糟出故障。出故障。b)命令：命令某人做某事命令：命令某人做某事c)订购，订单：向某人订订购，订单：向某人订购某物购某物4.从某处辞职从某处辞职5.对对有有影响影响6.说实话说实话7.与某人争论某事与某人争论某事8.信仰信仰9.与与相同相同10.与与交战交战11.抚养抚养12.采纳某人提议采纳某人提议13.所以所以I.ReviewtheimportantwordsII.Completethefollowingsentences1.Toyotahadtorecallmorethan75thousandcarsforthesameaccelerationpedalproblem(加速油门踏板问题加速油门踏板问题)_(在公众压力之在公众压力之下)。2.PremierWenJiabao_(强调公平主要性强调公平主要性)inthe11thNationalPeoplesCongress.underthestressofthepubllicstressedtheimportanceofequality第2页III.Reviewtheimportantsentencesinthecontext1.AncientChinawasaplace_.(各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。)2.Butitwasalsoatime_.(有许多哲学家时期。)3.Confusiusisthephilosopher_.(他影响是最大。)4.Moziwasanotherteacher_.(极具影响力先哲。)5.Hecamefromafamily_.(贫寒之家。)wherestateswereoftenatwarwitheachotherwhenthereweremanygreatphilosopherwhoseinfluencehasbeenthegreatestwhowasveryinfluentialwhichwasverypoor第3页定语从句的基础知识定语从句的基础知识-句子成分句子成分定语从句与句子成分的关系定语从句与句子成分的关系定语从句的构成和用法定语从句的构成和用法知识运用和知识运用和09年各地试题赏析年各地试题赏析定语从句的回顾和总结定语从句的回顾和总结第4页简单句简单句五种基本句型五种基本句型与与句子成份句子成份第5页(1)主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)The weather is very cold.(2)主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)He laughed.(3)主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)I like Chinesefood.第6页(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)She taught them physics.(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)We must keep the room warm.第7页请说出以下句子类型。1.Summer is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me a new TV set.4.She knows what to do.5.The weather is very cold.S+ViS+ViS+V+CS+V+CS+V+IO+DOS+V+IO+DOS+V+OS+V+OS+V+PS+V+P第8页句子基本成份一一.基基础础知知识识1.句子成份划分：句子成份划分：主、主、谓谓、宾宾、定、状、定、状、补补、同位、同位语语、表、表语语Heisastudent.（astudent是表语）是表语）主主谓谓HelikesEnglish.主主谓谓宾宾Thisdictionarylooksbeautifulontheshelf.(this作定语作定语)主主谓谓状状Heisstudyingherenow.主主谓谓状状状状Westudentsmadehimmonitor.主主谓谓宾宾宾补宾补Tomisfairlycareless.Strangely,hedrivesverycarefully.(fairly和very是状语)主谓状主谓状第9页各成份定义主主语语是句子所要说明对象(人或物),是句子主体谓语谓语是说明主语动作或状态。普通由动词充当宾语宾语及物动词或介词对象定定语语是用来限定名词或代词成份状状语语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句成份补语补语补充说明主语或宾语成份表表语语连系动词后表示主语身份或特征成份同位同位语语位于名位于名词词、代、代词词后后说说明它明它们们性性质质特征特征back第10页思索?句子基本成份与复合句关系英语中复合句中表语从句，宾语从句，定语从句与句子成份关系是怎样呢？李老师给我第一印象是他是害羞和担心。MyfirstimpressionofMrs.liisgreat.主+系动词+表语MyfirstimpressionofMrs.liisthatshewasnervousandshy.我们看到了被遗弃在一百多年前建立在一百多年前建立农场。Wesawabandonedfarms（whichwerebuiltmorethan100yearsago）定语从句与句子成份关系定语从句与句子成份关系第11页指出以下各从句类型：vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.vConclusion:从句在主句中做什么成份就是什么从句宾语从句状语从句定语从句back第12页the attributive clause定定 语语 从从 句句第13页（一）定义及相关术语（一）定义及相关术语1.定语从句定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。定语：修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。定语从句普通紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。从句普通紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。2.先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。3.关系词关系词：引导定语从句词叫关系词。：引导定语从句词叫关系词。关系词相关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等关系词关系词通常有以下三个通常有以下三个作用作用：A、引导定语从句；、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成份、在定语从句中担当一个成份 e.g.Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.第14页（二）关系代词引导定语从句（二）关系代词引导定语从句1who指人，指人，在定语从句中作主语在定语从句中作主语。YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning 2whom指人，指人，在定语从句中做宾语在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略常可省略。Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome.注意注意：关系代词：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。来代替，也可省略。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.第15页3which指物，指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时，做宾语时常可省略。常可省略。Helikestoreadbookswhicharewrittenbyforeignwriters.Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday 4that指人时，相当于指人时，相当于who或或whom；指物时，相当于；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。，作宾语时常可省略。Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.Theperson(that/whom)youintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.第16页5whose通常指人，也可指物，通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语在定语从句中做定语。Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.注意注意：指物时，惯用以下结构来代替：指物时，惯用以下结构来代替：Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.第17页（三）关系副词引导定语从句（三）关系副词引导定语从句1when指时间，指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语在定语从句中作时间状语。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.2where指地点，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语在定语从句中作地点状语。ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.3why指原因，指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语在定语从句中作原因状语。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.第18页注意注意：关系副词关系副词引导定语从句经常能够用引导定语从句经常能够用“介词介词+关系代关系代词词”引导定语从句来表示。引导定语从句来表示。Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewupGreatchangesaretakingplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichtheylive.Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisquiteclear.back第19页1.The man_spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer.2.The girl_ you saw just now is jane.3.This is a book_ was written in English by a teacher.4.The picture_ he draw in the 1980ais are on show.5.The book_ cover is red is mine.比较：this is the book whose cover is blue.this is the book is blue.Have a try!who/that whom/that/whowhich/thatwhich/thatwhosethe cover of which(主主语语)（宾语）(主语)（宾语）（定语）第20页1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.（05浙江）浙江）A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it2.Theyvewontheirlastthreematches._（做宾语）Ifindabitsurprisingactually.（辽宁卷）A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which3Manychildren，_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage(安徽卷)AtheirBwhoseCofthemDwithwhom4.Mozartsbirthplaceandthehouse_hecomposed“TheMagicFlute”arebothmuseumsnow.(上海卷)A.WhereB.whenC.thereD.which5.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight(江苏卷)A.ifB.whenC.whichD.sincebackADBAB第21页四四：定：定语语从句关从句关键键点点记忆记忆了解了解1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。定定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句。定语从句普通紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。语从句普通紧跟在它所修饰先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。先行词：被定语从句修饰词叫先行词。3.关系关系词：引：引导定定语从句从句词叫关系叫关系词。关系词关系代词在句中充当主语，宾语，定语关系副词在句中充当时间，地点，原因状语二：关系代词与关系副词选择呢二：关系代词与关系副词选择呢？三：定语从句特殊情况？关系词通常有以下三个作用：关系词通常有以下三个作用：A、引导定语从句；、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成份、在定语从句中担当一个成份 第22页一：引导定语从句关系代词归纳关系关系词词先行先行词词从句成份例句例句备备注注关系关系代代词词who人人主主语语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常能够省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不能够用thatwhom 人人宾语宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose 人，物人，物定定语语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.第23页关系关系词词先行先行词词从句成份例句例句备备注注关关系系代代词词that人，物人，物主主语语，宾语宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常能够省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不能够用thatwhich物物主主语语，宾语宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物人，物主主语语，宾语宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语普通不省略第24页关系关系词词先行先行词词从句成份例句例句备备注注关系副关系副词词when时间时间时间时间状状语语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用可用onwhichwhere地点地点地点状地点状语语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用可用inwhichwhy原因原因原因状原因状语语Icantimaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用可用forwhich二：引导定语从句关系副词归纳第25页关系代词与关系副词选择关系代词与关系副词选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中作用（即所担当成份）。定语从句中作用（即所担当成份）。比较：比较：A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.B.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.C.Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespentourholidaystogether.D.Iwillneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.E.Thisisthereason_hewasdismissed.F.Thisisthereason_heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.whenthat/whichwhythat/which第26页定定语语从句从句区分例句例句限制性定限制性定语语从句从句中中名名词词前有前有such和和thesame修修饰时饰时，关系代，关系代词词用用as,不不能用能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Dontreadsuchbooksasyoucantunderstand.非限制性定非限制性定语语从从句中句中as和which都能够指代前面整个主句。假如有“正如，象”含义，并能够放在主句前，也能够放在后面，那么用as；而which引导从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”意思。Haveatry!Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadntexpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.三三.as与与which区分：区分：第27页类别类别语语法意法意义义及特征及特征例句例句限制性定限制性定语语从句从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，假如去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句关系十分亲密，写时不用逗号分开。TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定非限制性定语语从句从句对先行词作附加说明，与主句关系不十分亲密，较涣散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.四：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分：四：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分：第28页情况情况使用方法说明例句例句只用that情况1先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。2先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时3先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4先行词既指人又指物时5先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时6句中已经有who或which时，为了防止重复时1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.6Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?五五.that与与which,who,whom使用方法区分：使用方法区分：第29页情况情况使用方法说明例句例句只用which,who,whom情况1在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2在由“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.五五.that与与which,who,whom使用方法区分：使用方法区分：第30页Haveatry!Firstly,Dotheexerciseonyourpaperanddiscussyouransweringroups,then,askastudentofeachgroupexplainyouranswer.Homework:Doexerciseandononyourpaper.第31页1.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_madetheothersenvyhim.(04天津天津)A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which2.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.（05浙江）浙江）A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it3._isreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.(04北京北京)A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.Whatas与与which区分区分4.ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,_domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.(天津卷)A.asB.whichC.whenD.thoughDABA第32页