毕业设计论文-灌装生产线监控系统组态设计.doc

监控系统程序设计技术课程设计报告灌装生产线监控系统组态设计摘 要随着科学技术的不断发展，越来越多的工业过程都实现了现代化、自动化控制，二其中不乏用到组态软件。组态软件在工业控制中的使用越来越广泛，与我们的生活接触越来越紧密，大到航空航天设备的生产制造，小到一瓶矿泉水的生产都会与组态软件密不可分。因此作为一名自动化专业毕业的学生，有必要学好并且用好此类软件。此次课程设计为灌装生产线监控系统的组态设计，主要模拟出灌装生产线的流程，主要包括上料、加工、装瓶、计数以及装箱等过程。另外，为了更好的观测实验现象、更好的分析实验数据，增加了报警检测，绘出了实时曲线、历史曲线和历史表格等曲线数据信息。经过几天的设计，基本达到预期目标，实现了预定的所有功能，在此基础上，加入了一些自己的想法，使效果更佳。关键词：组态软件；灌装生产线；- I -Filling Production Line Control Configuration DesignAbstractWith the continuous development of science and technology, more and more of the industrial processes to achieve a modern, automatic control, two among them using configuration software. Application of configuration software in industrial control more and more widely used, contact with our lives more and more closely, to the manufacture of aerospace equipment, as small as a bottle of mineral water is inextricably linked with the configuration software.As an automation professional graduated student, there is a need to learn and use of such software. This course is designed to be filling line configuration design of the monitoring system, major simulation of the filling line process, including feeding, processing, bottling, counting and packing process.In addition, in order to better observe phenomena and better analysis of experimental data, an increase of alarm detection, coming out of the curve, the curve of history in real time and historical data information such as table.After several days of design, basic to achieve the desired objectives, achieve all features planned, on this basis, joined some of his own ideas, better results.Key words: configuration software; filling;- 27 -目 录摘 要IAbstractII第1章选题及工艺流程分析说明41.1组态设计的目标41.2监控系统分析和总体设计4第2章实时数据库组态设计说明52.1监控界面组态设计说明及界面效果图62.1.1 建立画面62.1.2 编辑画面72.1.3 制作文字框图72.1.4 罐和瓶子的制作72.1.5 整体画面82.2定义数据对象92.3 动画连接102.3.1 水位的升降效果102.3.2 水流效果12第3章控制算法或控制逻辑及其脚本程序133.1 控制流程及逻辑分析133.2 运行策略脚本程序及说明13第4章主控窗口设置和系统菜单设计说明；174.1 主控窗口设置174.2 系统菜单设计174.3 安全策略设计说明19第5章设计画面和数据显示21第6章组态设计和调试中遇到的问题、解决方法和结果23第7章课程设计总结24参 考 文 献25第1章 选题及工艺流程分析说明我此次的的课程设计题目是：灌装生产线监控系统的组态设计。主要模拟出灌装生产线的流程，主要包括上料、加工、装瓶、计数以及装箱等过程。另外，为了更好的观测实验现象、更好的分析实验数据，增加了报警检测，绘出了实时曲线、历史曲线和历史表格等曲线数据信息。1.1 组态设计的目标通过图形构件，构件出生产线实物图（包括搅拌机、储藏罐、水泵和阀等），然后编写脚本程序实现工业控制要求。1.2 监控系统分析和总体设计在开始组态之前，通过对该工程的剖析，从整体上把握住了工程的结构、流程、需实现功能和如何实现这些功能。下面进行详细说明：工程框架：a) 4个用户窗口：灌装生产线监控系统、数据显示、数据表格、封面b) 3个主菜单：系统管理、数据表格、数据显示c) 4个子菜单：用户登录、用户管理、修改密码、退出登录d) 3个策略：启动策略、退出策略、循环策略第2章 实时数据库组态设计说明实时数据库组态统计如下表2.1,表2.1 对象名称类型注释number数值型对瓶子计数垂直移动数值型瓶子1的垂直移动水平移动1数值型瓶子1的水平移动水平移动2数值型瓶子2的水平移动果汁罐液位数值型果汁罐的液位饮料瓶液位数值型饮料瓶中果汁的液位可视化1开关型瓶子1的可见度标志位可视化2开关型瓶子2的可见度标志位复位开关型是系统复位启动开关型启动系统抽水泵开关型出口阀开关型数据组对象饮料瓶液位和果汁罐液位图2-1为电脑截图图2-1属性设置界面如图：图2-2其他设置类似。2.1 监控界面组态设计说明及界面效果图2.1.1 建立画面1 在“用户窗口”中单击“新建窗口”按钮，建立“窗口0”。2 选中“窗口0”，单击“窗口属性”，进入“用户窗口属性设置”。3 将窗口名称改为：灌装生产线监控系统；窗口标题改为：灌装生产线；窗口位置选中“最大化显示”，其它不变，单击“确认”。4 在“用户窗口”中，选中“灌装生产线监控系统”，点击右键，选择下拉菜单中的“设置为启动窗口”选项，将该窗口设置为运行时自动加载的窗口。如图：图2-32.1.2 编辑画面选中“灌装生产线监控系统”窗口图标，单击“动画组态”，进入动画组态窗口，开始编辑画面。2.1.3 制作文字框图1 单击工具条中的“工具箱”，打开绘图工具箱。2 选择“工具箱”内的“标签”按钮，鼠标的光标呈“十字”形，在窗口顶端中心位置拖拽鼠标，根据需要拉出一个一定大小的矩形。，3 在光标闪烁位置输入文字“灌装生产线系统演示工程”，按回车键或在窗口任意位置用鼠标点击一下，文字输入完毕。2.1.4 罐和瓶子的制作搅拌器和果汁罐分别选取罐15和反应器12，如图2-3图2-4然后分别绘制出阀、泵、管道、传送带和瓶子等，并进行注释。2.1.5 整体画面2.2 定义数据对象对象名称类型注释number数值型对瓶子计数垂直移动数值型瓶子1的垂直移动水平移动1数值型瓶子1的水平移动水平移动2数值型瓶子2的水平移动果汁罐液位数值型果汁罐的液位饮料瓶液位数值型饮料瓶中果汁的液位可视化1开关型瓶子1的可见度标志位可视化2开关型瓶子2的可见度标志位复位开关型是系统复位启动开关型启动系统抽水泵开关型出口阀开关型数据组对象饮料瓶液位和果汁罐液位下面以数据对象“水泵”为例，介绍一下定义数据对象的步骤：1 单击工作台中的“实时数据库”窗口标签，进入实时数据库窗口页。2 单击“新增对象” 按钮，在窗口的数据对象列表中，增加新的数据对象，系统缺省定义的 名称为“Data1”、“Data2”、“Data3”等（多次点击该按钮，则可增加多个数据对象）。3 选中对象，按“对象属性”按钮，或双击选中对象，则打开“数据对象属性设置” 窗口。4 将对象名称改为：水泵；对象类型选择：开关型；在对象内容注释输入框内输入：“控制水泵启动、停止的变量”，单击“确认”。按照此步骤，根据上面列表，设置其他 9 个数据对象。定义组对象与定义其他数据对象略有不同，需要对组对象成员进行选择。具体步骤如下：1 在数据对象列表中，双击“液位组”，打开“数据对象属性设置” 窗口。2 选择“组对象成员”标签，在左边数据对象列表中选择“液位1”，点击“增加”按钮，数据对象“液位1”被添加到右边的“组对象成员列表”中。按照同样的方法将“液位2”添加到组对象成员中。3 单击“存盘属性”标签，在“数据对象值的存盘”选择框中，选择：定时存盘，并将存盘周期设为：5秒。4 单击“确认”，组对象设置完毕。2.3 动画连接由图形对象搭制而成的图形画面是静止不动的，需要对这些图形对象进行动画设计，真实地描述外界对象的状态变化，达到过程实时监控的目的。MCGS 实现图形动画设计的主要方法是将用户窗口中图形对象与实时数据库中的数据对象建立相关性连接，并设置相应的动画属性。在系统运行过程中，图形对象的外观和状态特征，由数据对象的实时采集值驱动，从而实现了图形的动画效果。本样例中需要制作动画效果的部分包括：1水箱中水位的升降2水泵、阀门的启停3. 水流效果2.3.1 水位的升降效果水位升降效果是通过设置数据对象“大小变化”连接类型实现的。具体设置步骤如下：1 在用户窗口中，双击水罐1，弹出单元属性设置窗口。2 单击“动画连接”标签，显示如图所示窗口：3 选中折线，在右端出现4 单击进入动画组态属性设置窗口。按照下面的要求设置各个参数：表达式：果汁罐液位最大变化百分比对应的表达式的值：100其他如图所示：同理，对瓶子等进行动画连接。2.3.2 水流效果水流效果是通过设置流动块构件的属性实现的。实现步骤如下：1 双击水泵右侧的流动块，弹出流动块构件属性设置窗口。2 在流动属性页中，进行如下设置：表达式：水泵=1；选择当表达式非零时，流块开始流动。水罐右侧流动块阀右侧流动块的制作方法与此相同，只需将表达式相应改为：调节阀=1，出水阀=1 即可至此动画连接已完成，按 F5 或点击工具条中图标，进入运行环境，看一下组态后得结果。这时我们看见的画面仍是静止的。移动鼠标到“水泵”、“调节阀”、“出水阀”上面的红色部分，鼠标指针会呈手形。单击一下，红色部分变为绿色，同时流动块相应地运动起来，但水罐仍没有变化。这是由于我们没有信号输入，也没有人为地改变水量。我们可以用如下方法改变其值，使水罐动起来。第3章 控制算法或控制逻辑及其脚本程序3.1 控制流程及逻辑分析上料控制流程如下图所示：加工水泵传输至果汁罐检测液位是否大于40Y N开出口阀，灌输饮料瓶检测是否装满Y N传输带传输，并计数图3-13.2 运行策略脚本程序及说明脚本程序编辑界面如图：图3-2图3-3脚本程序如下：if 启动=1 then抽水泵=1果汁罐液位=果汁罐液位+2.2endifif 抽水泵=1 then 果汁罐液位=果汁罐液位+1.2if 出口阀=1 then 果汁罐液位=果汁罐液位-2.2if 果汁罐液位=79 then 抽水泵=0if 果汁罐液位=40 then 出口阀=1果汁罐液位=果汁罐液位-3饮料瓶液位=饮料瓶液位+5可视化1=1可视化2=0endifif 果汁罐液位=99 then 出口阀=0水平移动1=水平移动1+2.5垂直移动=垂直移动+1.9endifif 水平移动192 then 可视化1=0可视化2=1水平移动2=水平移动2+5endifif 水平移动250 and 水平移动2150 then 饮料瓶液位=0水平移动1=0水平移动2=0可视化1=1可视化2=0垂直移动=0endifif 复位=1 and 启动=1 then启动=0number=0抽水泵=0出口阀=0水平移动1=0水平移动2=0垂直移动=0饮料瓶液位=0果汁罐液位=50endifif 启动=1 and 复位=1 then复位=0抽水泵=1果汁罐液位=果汁罐液位+2.2Endif第4章 主控窗口设置和系统菜单设计说明；4.1 主控窗口设置选中主控窗口，单击右边系统属性，进行设置，如下图图4-1窗口表皮定义为组态工程，菜单设置为有菜单，封面窗口设置为有窗口，其他不变。4.2 系统菜单设计选中主控窗口，鼠标左键单击菜单组态，进入如下画面图4-2进入此画面后，右键单击鼠标右键，选择新增菜单项，添加数据表格、数据显示两个菜单，并进行设置图4-3注意菜单操作中，对应菜单的功能：图4-4进入主控窗口菜单组态设置界面后，右键单击鼠标右键，选择新增菜单项，添加用户登录、用户管理、修改密码三个菜单，并进行设置。图4-5注意脚本程序中设置：图4-64.3 安全策略设计说明工程中，通常分工明确，工程师，操作员各司其职，分工明确，因此有必要设置各自的权限，一面误操作。在进入图4-2画面后，选中用户管理，右键单击，选择属性图4-7选中左下角权限按钮，进入权限设置界面，如图：图4-8其他设置方法相同，这里不一一赘述。第5章 设计画面和数据显示最终设计画面如下：图5-1其中，报警信息显示：图5-2下图为实时表格和历史表格：图5-3下图为实时曲线和历史曲线：图5-4第6章 组态设计和调试中遇到的问题、解决方法和结果此次课程设计是第一次比较系统的运用这个软件，因此设计过程中出现很多预想不到的错误，但所幸最终都一一解决。问题主要分为以下几个方面：1. 绘制元件过程中，尤其是饮料瓶的时候，是用几个图形组合起来，这就涉及到属性的变更问题，这就导致后面控制中，达不到预期的目的。最终，发现是自己混淆了构成图符和合成单元的概念。2. 第二个比较严重的问题是：在建立实时数据库时，没有认真考虑数据初值，这就导致在进入组态运行环境时，位置错误。3. 童颜是在建立实时数据库时，没有考虑数据的存盘属性，这就导致最后观察不到曲线的变化情况和报警信息。4. 在对元件进行动画连接时，设置错误，导致液位变化混乱。5. 在对运行策略设置时，循环策论执行周期设置过大，导致看不到现象。后改为200ms，效果明显。6. 在进行安全机制设置时，权限混淆，导致运行时，要么不能很好地运行，要么看不到想要的曲线。后通过看书和同学的帮助，很好地解决了这个问题第7章 课程设计总结 这次课程设计过程中，老师及其同学给了极大的帮助，由于专注考研，导致基本功不是很扎实，但还是基本完成任务。在编辑程序时，出现了“”未知表达式的提示，百思不得其解，最后一行一行的检验程序，才发现IF之间大意之下，留了个空格。还有报表及其实时数据的显示，都是按照组态软件实训教程上一步步搞定了，很有成就感，这就是课设的魅力所在吧，越是艰难得到的，越是珍惜。最后感谢牛昱光老师的悉心授课，必当考上研究生继续深造，不辜负老师的良苦用心。参 考 文 献【1】 曹辉，马栋萍，王暄等主编组态软件技术及应用电子工业出版社【2】 李国勇等编著过程控制实验教程清华大学出版社【3】 龚运新，方立友编著工业组态软件实用技术清华大学出版社【4】 MCGS组态软件用户指南北京昆仑通态自动化软件科技有限公司【5】 MCGS培训教程北京昆仑通态自动化软件科技有限公司【6】 MCGS高级教程北京昆仑通态自动化软件科技有限公司请删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！The origin of taxation in the United States can be traced to the time when the colonists were heavily taxed by Great Britain on everything from tea to legal and business documents that were required by the Stamp Tax. The colonists disdain for this taxation without representation (so-called because the colonies had no voice in the establishment of the taxes) gave rise to revolts such as the Boston Tea Party. However, even after the Revolutionary War and the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, the main source of revenue for the newly created states was money received from customs and excise taxes on items such as carriages, sugar, whiskey, and snuff. Income tax first appeared in the United States in 1862, during the Civil War. At that time only about one percent of the population was required to pay the tax. A flat-rate income tax was imposed in 1867. The income tax was repealed in its entirety in 1872. Income tax was a rallying point for the Populist party in 1892, and had enough support two years later that Congress passed the Income Tax Act of 1894. The tax at that time was two percent on individual incomes in excess of $4,000, which meant that it reached only the wealthiest members of the population. The Supreme Court struck down the tax, holding that it violated the constitutional requirement that direct taxes be apportioned among the states by population (pollock v. farmers loan & trust, 158 U.S. 601, 15 S. Ct. 912, 39 L. Ed. 1108 1895). After many years of debate and compromise, the sixteenth amendment to the Constitution was ratified in 1913, providing Congress with the power to lay and collect taxes on income without apportionment among the states. The objectives of the income tax were the equitable distribution of the tax burden and the raising of revenue. Since 1913 the U.S. income tax system has become very complex. In 1913 the income tax laws were contained in eighteen pages of legislation; the explanation of the tax reform act of 1986 was more than thirteen hundred pages long (Pub. L. 99-514, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2085). Commerce Clearing House, a publisher of tax information, released a version of the Internal Revenue Code in the early 1990s that was four times thicker than its version in 1953. Changes to the tax laws often reflect the times. The flat tax of 1913 was later replaced with a graduated tax. After the United States entered world war i, the War Revenue Act of 1917 imposed a maximum tax rate for individuals of 67 percent, compared with a rate of 13 percent in 1916. In 1924 Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon, speaking to Congress about the high level of taxation, stated, The present system is a failure. It was an emergency measure, adopted under the pressure of war necessity and not to be counted upon as a permanent part of our revenue structure. The high rates put pressure on taxpayers to reduce their taxable income, tend to destroy individual initiative and enterprise, and seriously impede the development of productive business. Ways will always be found to avoid taxes so destructive in their nature, and the only way to save the situation is to put the taxes on a reasonable basis that will permit business to go on and industry to develop. Consequently, the Revenue Act of 1924 reduced the maximum individual tax rate to 43 percent (Revenue Acts, June 2, 1924, ch. 234, 43 Stat. 253). In 1926 the rate was further reduced to 25 percent. The Revenue Act of 1932 was the first tax law passed during the Great Depression (Revenue Acts, June 6, 1932, ch. 209, 47 Stat. 169). It increased the individual maximum rate from 25 to 63 percent, and reduced personal exemptions from $1,500 to $1,000 for single persons, and from $3,500 to $2,500 for married couples. The national industrial recovery act of 1933 (NIRA), part of President franklin d. roosevelts new deal, imposed a five percent excise tax on dividend receipts, imposed a capital stock tax and an excess profits tax, and suspended all deductions for losses (June 16, 1933, ch. 90, 48 Stat. 195). The repeal in 1933 of the eighteenth amendment, which had prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol, brought in an estimated $90 million in new liquor taxes in 1934. The social security act of 1935 provided for a wage tax, half to be paid by the employee and half by the employer, to establish a federal retirement fund (Old Age Pension Act, Aug. 14, 1935, ch. 531, 49 Stat. 620). The Wealth Tax Act, also known as the Revenue Act of 1935, increased the maximum tax rate to 79 percent, the Revenue Acts of 1940 and 1941 increased it to 81 percent, the Revenue Act of 1942 raised it to 88 percent, and the Individual Income Tax Act of 1944 raised the individual maximum rate to 94 percent. The post-World War II Revenue Act of 1945 reduced the individual maximum tax from 94 percent to 91 percent. The Revenue Act of 1950, during the korean war, reduced it to 84.4 percent, but it was raised the next year to 92 percent (Revenue Act of 1950, Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 994, Stat. 906). It remained at this level until 1964, when it was reduced to 70 percent. The Revenue Act of 1954 revised the Internal Revenue Code of 1939, making major changes that were beneficial to the taxpayer, including providing for child care deductions (later changed to credits), an increase in the charitable contribution limit, a tax credit against taxable retirement income, employee deductions for business expenses, and liberalized depreciation deductions. From 1954 to 1962, the Internal Revenue Code was amended by 183 separate acts. In 1974 the employee retirement income security act (ERISA) created protections for employees whose employers promised specified pensions or other retirement contributions (Pub. L. No. 93-406, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 829). ERISA required that to be tax deductible, the employers plan contribution must meet certain minimum standards as to employee participation and vesting and employer funding. ERISA also approved the use of individual retirement accounts (IRAs) to encourage tax-deferred retirement savings by individuals. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) provided the largest tax cut up to that time, reducing the maximum individual rate from 70 percent to 50 percent (Pub. L. No. 97-34, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 172). The most sweeping tax changes since world war ii were enacted in the Tax Reform Act of 1986. This bill was signed into law by President ronald reagan and was designed to equalize the tax treatment of various assets, eliminate tax shelters, and lower marginal rates. Conservatives wanted the act to provide a single, low tax rate that could be applied to everyone. Although this single, flat rate was not included in the final bill, tax rates were reduced to 15 percent on the first $17,850 of income for singles and $29,750 for married couples, and set at 28 to 33 percent on remaining income. Many deductions were repealed, such as a deduction available to two-income married couples that had been used to avoid the marriage penalty (a greater tax liability incurred when two persons filed their income tax return as a married couple rather than as individuals). Although the persona