同等学力考研英语备考常用口语小词典2.doc

同等学力考研英语备考常用口语小词典（1）
2008年12月25日 10:45　　来源：新浪教育
appeal to
请求，要求
get over
战胜，完成，恢复，习惯
at all costs
不惜任何代价
get rid of
摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
at hand
在手边，在附近
get there
取得目标，获得成功
at heart
在心里
give sb. a ride
让……搭车
at intervals
不时地，相隔一段距离的
give sb. a hand
帮助某人做某事
at sb.’s disposal
任意使用
go through money
用完（钱）
at sb.’s service
随时帮助某人
good bargain
真便宜
attend to
专心，注意，照顾
hand out
分发（材料）
at the mercy of
受……支配、任由摆布
have a hand in
插手
back up
倒退，后退，支持，鼓励
have a short memory
健忘，记忆力差
be sick/tired of
讨厌，厌倦
head & shoulder above
超过，胜过
be through with
完成
have the heart to
不敢……
between you and me
你知我知，对外保密
hold off
保持距离，回绝，推迟
break down
坏，出毛病
hold up
阻碍，延迟，耐用，持久
break new（fresh）ground
创新
in the red
赤字，负债
brush up（on）
复习
in vain
无结果的，徒然的
call off
取消
inside out
里外颠倒，彻底
care for
喜欢，喜爱
lose weight
减肥
check out
检查，检验，离店，结账离开
lost heart
失去信心
clear up
（天）放晴，整理，消除
look up to
尊重
come round/around
恢复，苏醒，改变看法，顺路过来
make ends meet
收支平衡
cut down on
减少数量或价格
make the best of
充分利用
drop out of
退学，失学
make up
补考，化妆，弥补
fall back on
依赖，依靠，求助于
keep an eye on
留意，观察
feel free to
可以随意做某事
lay off
解雇
figure out
找出，理解，明白
learn the ropes
摸门道，学窍门
food for thought
发人深思的东西
leave sth. to…
由……决定
for nothing/free
免费
let go
下课，解雇
get at
到达，暗示，指责
let out
放学
同等学力考研英语语法复习：虚拟语气
2009年01月15日 13:39　　来源：新浪教育
    虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。

    If I were you, I'd take them away. 如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。

    If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。

    If I had time. I could come to help you. 如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。

    He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。

    He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。

    虚拟语气的用法：

    一. 虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。

    May you be happy. 祝你幸福。

    May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

    May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

    Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！

    You go out！ 你出去！

    二. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。

    动词 suggest, order, insist, propose, require, request, recommend, command, desire,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。

    He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means.

    他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。

    动词 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose, require, request, recommend, command, desire,等后面的从句中，"should" 可以省略。

    The teacher suggested that we (should) clean the blackboard after class.

    老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。

    He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves.

    他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。

    He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.

    他要求给他一个试试的机会。

    三. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。

    在句型 "It is important (necessary, strange, natural，desired, requested, ordered, 等) that .... " 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形

    It's necessary that we should have a walk now.

    我们有必要出去散散步。

    It's natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。

    It's important that we should take good care of the patient.

    重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

    It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.

    四. 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中。

    suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendation, plan, idea, 等后面的表语从句和同位语从句。

    My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other group.

    我的建议是我们派几个人去帮相别的小组。

    His sole requirement is (was) that the system be adjusted.

    他唯一的要求是把这个体系做些调整。

    The orders were that we stay where we were.

    命令是我们仍留在原处。
 练习题：

    1 . The secretary suggested that they ____ the men in at once.

    A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring

    2. The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _____ right away.

    A. would be arrested B. must be arrested C. be arrested D. had to be arrested

    3. Jane's uncle insisted ____ in this hotel any longer.

    A. not staying B. not to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not

    4. He demanded that the laboratory report ___ immediately after the experiment was done.

    A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written

    5. It is required that you ____ at six.

    A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive

    6. It is really strange that the girl ___ so early.

    A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry

    7. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students ___ two weeks to prepare for the exam.

    A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given

    8. It is important that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately.

    A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak

    9. It is imperative that you ___ on time.

    A. are B. will be C. be D. would be

    10. I recommended that the student ___ his composition as soon as possible.

    A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing

    11. The Law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year.

    A. has B. had C. have D. will have

    12. The professor gave orders that the test _____________ before six o’clock.

    A. be finished B. will finish C. will be finished D. shall finish

    13. It is appropriate that more time ________________ to thorough study of the scheme.

    A. should have been devoted B. ought to be devoted

    C. must be devoted D. be devoted.

    14. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ______________.

    A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to put off

    15. We strongly urge that you _______________ interfere in this matter.

    A. don’t B. won’t C. not D. are not going to

    1.D 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.C 12. A 13.D 14.A 15.C
同等学力考研英语复习资料之语法
2009年01月04日 11:35　　来源：新浪教育
    It的用法

    (一)作人称代词

    1、it代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。

    e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.(it代替前面的cake)

    Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. (it代替后面的air)

    They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. (it代替前面They…town分句中的情况)

    2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。

    e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. (it代替前面的tree)

    The baby cried because it was hungry. (it代替前面的baby)

    3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。

    e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.---- Who is it?---- It’s me.

    ---- Who are singing?---- It is the children.

    ---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.

    4、it与one的区别：这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词，但it用于同名同物的场合；one则用于同名异物的场合。

    e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle?---- No, I have sold it.

    ---- Is this knife yours?---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.

    5、it与that的区别：两词都可代替某一特定名词，但that指同一类，并非同一个。

    e.g. The climate of South China is mild(温和的); I like it very much.(it指the climate of South China)

    The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.(that指the climate)

    (二)作无人称代词

    it作无人称代词时，除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外，另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。

    It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).

    It is noon.

    It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.

    What does it matter?

    (三)作强调词，构成强调结构

    用以帮助改变句子结构，使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。”在这个句型中，it本身没有词义。

    (四)引导词it作形式主语(宾语)

    为了使句子平衡，常采用形式主语(或宾语)it ，而把真正的主语(或宾语)置于句子后面。通常引导词it与它所代替的句子成分中间要夹有某些词。

    e.g. It takes half an hour to go there on foot.(It与to go there on foot之间夹有takes half an hour四个词)

    We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not come last night. (it与that从句中间夹有 strange)

    但有时it与所替代部分之间并不夹有其它词。

    e.g. You may depend on it that they will support you.(因为介词on之后一般不直接接that引导的宾语从句。注意：it不是多余的，不能当作错句)
练习题

    1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.

    A. oneB. onesC. itD. that

    2. ---- Who’s that?---- ____ Professor Li.

    A. That’sB. It’sC. He’sD. This’s

    3. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive?---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.

    A. that B. itC. suchD. one

    4. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.

    A. thisB. thatC. itD. one

    5. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.

    A. ItB. ThereC. ThoseD. You

    6. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.

    A. thatB. thisC. itsD. it

    7. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.

    A. thatB. itC. whichD. what

    8. ____ four years since I joined the Army.

    A. There wasB. There isC. It wasD. It has been

    9. How long ____ to finish the work?

    A. you’ll takeB. you’ll take itC. will it take youD. will take you

    10. Mary speaks in a low voice; ____ is difficult to know what she is saying.

    A. itB. thatC. soD. she

    11. So ____ that no fish can live in it.

    A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow

    C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow

    KEY:

    1-5 CBDBA 6-11 DADCA

同等学力考研英语备考常用口语小词典（2）
2008年12月25日 10:47　　来源：新浪教育
line up
安排，组织，排队
rush hour
交通高峰
look for a needle in a haystack
大海捞针
see off
送行
make up one’s mind
下决心，作出决定
see to
照顾，注意
meddle in
扰乱，打搅
slip one’s mind（memory）
忘掉
meet each other half way
相互妥协，各让一步
take it easy
不要紧，放松
no way
不，不行
tell apart
分辨，区别
nothing but
只不过是
There is nothing to it.
非常简单
nothing short of brilliant
非常精彩
There’s no rush.
别着急。
on/off campus
校内/校外
tie up
忙于，被占用
on a diet
节食
too good to be true
不现实，太好不能实现
on earth
究竟
touch on
简单地提及，涉及问题
on the right /wrong foot
开门大吉/出师不利
turn down
降低，拒绝
on the side
副业，业余兼职
turn against
翻脸，敌对，疏远
on the tip of one’s tongue
就在嘴边可一时就想不起来
turn one’s back on
拒绝，抛弃，离弃
out of print
绝版
turn out
结果
out of the question
不可能，没有
under warranty
在保修期内
out of this world
非常好，绝妙的
under no circumstances
无论如何都不，绝不
pay off
还债，报复
up in the air
悬而未决
put someone up
为人提供住宿
upside down
上下颠倒
raise the roof
吵翻天，勃然大怒
wear out
磨损
reach the bottom of the barrel
没有更多的东西，弹尽粮绝
What’s the rush！
别着急！
run out of（gas）
耗尽精力和热情
work out
作出，算出
s