1、钦佩;羡慕 航空邮件 钦佩;羡慕(n)(美)飞机准入;接纳(n)航空机,飞机场 承认;准许(入场;最牟人活着的;存在的 推进;促进;前进 允许;准许 优点;好处 几乎;差不多admire airmail admiration airplane admission airport入学)admit alarm adult alive advance allow advantage almost险独 二刖告声告经告然共国 冒单为向广大忠已忠也供鼠总美遇孤告一:奇.,广和n)n 9(也 9 的 人 9 的adventure alone advertise along advertisement alo
2、ud advise already advice also aeroplane although altogether American高中英语语法复习专题之05代 词海丰县梅陇中英语教学课件系刎代词一概念:代词是代替名词的词,按其意义、特征 及其在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主 代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词、连接代词和关系代 词等。二.相关知识点精讲1.人称代词一 1)人称代词的人称、数和格,如下表所 不。MO 人称单数复数,瑞、主格照第一幅1meweus第二人称Youyouyouyou第三人称He she ithim her ittheythem2)人称代词有主格
3、和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。如:Hike table tennis.(作主语)Do you know him?(作宾语)3)人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如:Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.4)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行 比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。如:He is older than me.He is older thanXam.2.物主代词i)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性 物主代词,如下表所示。形容词性 物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称
4、hishisherhersitsits复1 数j第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs2)形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。例如:Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-boxe3)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句 中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here,and theirs is there.(作主语)一Is this English-book yours?(作表语)-No.Mine is in my bag.Ive already finish
5、ed my homework.Have vou finished vours?(作宾语)3.指在代词指示代词包括:this,that,these,thoseo 1)this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人,例如:This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days.In those days the workers had a hard time2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物 this和these则是指一面堂要讲 到的事物,例如:I had a c
6、old.That!s why I didnt come.What I want to say is this;pronunciation is very important in learning English.3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可 用that或those代替,例如:Television sets made in Beijing arejust as good as those made in Shanghai.4)this在电话用语中代表自己,that则 代表对方。例如:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jackspeaking?4.反身代词英语中用来表
7、示伐自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己 等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为 自身代名词,其形式如表所示。称数第一幅第二人称第三人称单数mysdfyourselfhimself,hersdf,itself复数ourselvesYourselvesthemselves反身代词可以在句中作宾语,表语,同位 语。力作宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的 发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer.2)作表语。It doesnt matter.Ill be myself soon.3)作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本 人。I myself wash
8、ed the clothes.enjoy oneself feel oneself,make oneself at home,make oneself understoodfor oneself为箕已或独立地,of oneself 然地动地by oneself独 自 地 in oneself本身性质,beside oneself喜怒衰愁至极主格宾格所有格名词性物代反身代词,_我Imemyminemyself我们we711s 1ourours()urselves祢youyouyouryoursyourself祢们youyouryours y()urselves他himhis卜hishimself
9、她herherhers/herselfFitititsitsitself他们theythemtheirtheirs tlliemselves-7,i i_ _ Oil5.不定代词:(l)some与any:some一般用于肯定句中,但 在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时,可用于疑问句中;any一般用于否定和疑问 型中,但当any强调“任何”时,也可用于 肯定句中。同理,something,somebody,someone的用法同some;anything,anybody,anyone的用法同any。50 用(MU 一般用法:some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可 数名南连有。some一艇用
10、于肯定句,any多甫于疑精、否足或条件句。特殊用法:;ny用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any day is okay for me.some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”、。Smith went to some place in England.(定语)在期待对方回答yes时,some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。、Would you like some bananas?(邀请)Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)some用手否定高袤示部芬西定。、I dont know some of the students.(宾语)some和any在句中还可作状语,作
11、副词。some意为“大约”箱当于“about”,而any则表示程度,意为“第,丝毫。如:There are some 300 workers on strike.one指人或物,“一个”,其复教为ones,指人时,其所 有格是ones,反身代词是oneself.This is not the one I want.(表语)both指人或媚物,“两者都 This maths problem can be worked out in both ways(定语)注意:both用于否定句表示部夯否定;表示完全否定 时,用 neithero Both of us are not teachers.我们偶
12、并不 都是教师。Neither of us is a teacher.我们病都不*教师。both不能故在the、these,those,my等 之后,而应放在 它们的话面。如:Both my parents like this film.AH“全京的”、“整个的”,可与可教或不可教名词连 用,除少数情况外,一般不与单数可数名词连用,与复 教名词连用时,表示“所有的”、“全丽的”,指三个 或三个以上的人或物。He gave me all the money.他把全部 的钱给了我。All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都 被上了。单意:all用于否定句,表示部分否定,完
13、全否定用none。如:Not all the ants go out for food.(or:All the ants don5t go out for food.)舁不是所 有的蜴蚁都出去寻找食物。None of the money is mine.这钱一分也不 是我的OfeCDo D0QQD8 Q feCDo ffl D0QQD few和little表示没有多少,含否定意义;而a few和a little表示有一些,有几个,含肯定意义。另 外,few、a few修饰可数名词;little a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和 宾语。()1()0()no=not a
14、ny,表示没有,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词,通常作定语,none代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词作主 语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数 形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意:none既可以指人又可以指物,no one只能指人。不定代词:(2)none既可指人又可指物,其后面一般需跟 of所引导的一个范围;(me只能指人,并no且不需接范L 否定向答用none;o How many/much提问时的 提问时的否定回答用no one;What提问时的否定回答用nothing。(砒题(式时I each(各个),指两个或两个以上的人或物二例惠言体,在句史作主语、入领、典 落
15、和局位语。every(每个),指二不或二 沫餐会的人或物,侧重整体,在句中只能Every student it our class has a dictionaiy.(比语,盘树班上“所有的人”)Each student in our class has a dictionary.(定语,强调各个个体)Each of them has been there.(主语)The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.(宾语)We each got a ticket(同位语)0QGdl?q0QGdl?either是“两者中任何一个”的意思,可
16、修饰 或代替单数可数名词,neither是“两者中没有 一个”的意思,可以修饰或代替单数可数名词,它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。如:Here are two pens.You may take either of them.(宾语)Neither boy knows French.(定语)Q&C?QffiQGDC?0 Q&题 欧由便7 the other表示“两者中的另一个“;the other+复数可数名词”表示“其余(他)的.”;the others表示“其 他的人或物”。“others及other+复数名词”泛指“其他的(别的)人或物”。这些词语在 句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如:He
17、got two books;one is textbook,the other is a novel.Five of the pencils are red,the others(the other pens)are yellow.Some are singing,others are dancing.another修饰或代替单数可数名词,意为“(三 个或三个以上的)另一个,不能指两者中的 另一个,在句中可作宾语和定语。_This coat is too dark.Please show me another.(宾 语)Please give me another book.(定语)注意:an
18、other修饰复数名词时,意为“再,又“o 如:Please give me another ten minutes,one.another(a second).a third.the other.意为“一个.一个一个一个”用于 三者或三者以上的排列。some.others.others.,思为“一些.一些.一些”。(3)another指三者或三者以上当中的另一个;the other指两者当中的另一个,也可接名词复数,特指其它某些人或物;any指三者或 三者以上当中的任意一个。(4)other意思是“其他的”,不能单独使用,后面必须接名词,表泛指;others可指 其他的人或东西,相当于oth
19、er+名词复数;the others特指其他某些人或物,相当于the other+名词复数。(5)either指南者中的任意一个,表示肯定;neither表示否定,指两者都不;nor表示否定,指三者或三者以上都不。neither/nor的其它用法:neither一般只能 作代词,而nor既可作代词又可作连词,连接 两个否定意义的句子时,一般用nor,若用 neither,则需在neither前加and。neither/nor位于句首时,句子须部分倒装。(6)such指具体的人或事;SO只能用在某些 动词后面,指情况或内容。(附:其它词性的用法)such a/an+adj+so+adj+a/an
20、+n.such+adj+n.(pl或不可数名词)so+many/much/few/little+n.(pl.n或 不可数名词)(7)every不能单独使用,必须与名词一起使用 强调全部、所有;each可单独使用,也可修饰 名词,强调单个的个体。(8)one可指人也可指物(可数),表示某一类人 或东西中的一个,相当于a+n.,而it只能指 物,强调同类同物(相当于the+n.)或不可数;one还可有复数形式ones,当one有定语 修饰时,前面还可有冠词a/the+adj.+oneo(9)all指三者或三者以上“所有,全部”,而 both指“两者都”,常与and连用,成为bothando(10)
21、对含有all,both,every,each等词的 句子进行否定时,不管not位于什么地方,句子所表达的否定都为部分否定。6.相互代词:each other用于两者或两者以上;one another用于三者或三者以上,在现代英语中它们可通用。7.疑问代词:what指事或物,不强调范能I;who(whom,whose)指人;which既指人也可指物,但强调范围。8.连接代词:what,who,whom,whose,which(见从句一节)。9.关系代词:what,who,whom,whose,which,that,as,but在解答代词类题目时,夫们应首先 分析题干,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避
22、免误判。具体说来,可从这 几个方面考虑:7、代词指代的是 人还是物。2、代词指代的是可教 名词还是不可教名词。3、代词指 代的是特指还是泛指概念。4、代 词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是 三者或三者以上。5、代词所表示 的是肯定还是否定概念。三.巩固练习1.Tom,Please pass the glasses.Iwant to read the newspapers.A.you me C.him D.her2.The English novel is quite easy for you.There are new words in itA.a little B.little C.a fewf
23、ew3.You want sandwich?-Yes,I usually eat a lot when Im hungry.A.other,another C.others D.the other4.The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS.They think more of others than_A.they B.them O themselves D.theirs5.Which do you prefer,a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?-,thankSe Id li
24、ke a cup of tea.A.Either(E)Neither C.Both D.None6.一Oh!I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.-Never mind.You can haveA.us ours C.you D.yours7.Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?一 is OK.Im free todayand tomorrow.Either B.Neither C.Both D.None8.一How are you going to improve this term?-Wor
25、k harder than last term.A.ourselves B.myself C.himself.yourself9.一Could you tell me she is looking for?-Her cousin,Susan.A.that B.whose O who D.which10.Is here?-No.Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody11.Paul has friends except me,and sometimes he feels lone
26、ly.A.many B.some few D.more12.If you want to book a round-trip ticket,you5ll have to pay_$30.A.more B.other C.the other.another13.Do you live by yourself,Mr Wang?Yes.I have three sons.But of them lives with me.They are now studying in America?A.neither B.both)none D.either14.-Have you sent your pare
27、nts an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?No.of them can use a computer.A.None B.Both.Neither D.All15.Who taught English last term?Was_Mr.Smith?you;it B.you;he C.your;it D.your;that16.-That woman has a bag in her right hand.Whats in her_hand?A.another B.other C.one.the other 17.We decided to go fo
28、r a field trip with some friends ofA.us B.our(3)ours D.ourselves18.Is there a bus to the zoo?Im afraid there5s bus to theZOOe no B.any C.some D.none19.You forgot your dictionary?You may have_A.me B.my(B)mine D.myself20e This is classroom.Where is?A.our;them B.us;they(E)our;theirs D.ours;theirs钦佩;羡慕
29、航空邮件 钦佩;羡慕(n)(美)飞机准入;接纳(n)航空机,飞机场 承认;准许(入场;最牟人活着的;存在的 推进;促进;前进 允许;准许 优点;好处 几乎;差不多admire airmail admiration airplane admission airport入学)admit alarm adult alive advance allow advantage almost险独 二刖告声告经告然共国 冒单为向广大忠已忠也供鼠总美 9(也遇孤告一:奇.,广和n)9 的n 9 的 人adventure alone advertise along advertisement aloud advise already advice also aeroplane although altogether American