非谓语动词的七大原则与解题步骤呢省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

姜丽芳姜丽芳第1页下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词七大经典标准非谓语动词七大经典标准2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤非谓语动词解题四大步骤第2页一一.非谓语动词非谓语动词 七大经典标准七大经典标准第3页原则一：用作目状语，原则上要用不定式标准二：用作伴随状语，标准上要用现在分词标准二：用作伴随状语，标准上要用现在分词标准三：用作结果状语时，可用标准三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式或不定式标准四：凡是含有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词。标准四：凡是含有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词。标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语标准上应与标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语标准上应与 主句主主句主语保持一致语保持一致标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，标准上要用完成标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，标准上要用完成式式标准七：用于名词后作定语时，标准是：用不定式，表示动作标准七：用于名词后作定语时，标准是：用不定式，表示动作还未发生还未发生;用用-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义作已经发生，同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题七条经典标准英语非谓语动词题七条经典标准第4页原则一：用作目状语，原则上要用不定式When asked why he went there，he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.（2007江西卷）A.training B.being trained C.to have trained D.to be trained如：She got up very early to catch up the first bus.2._ this cake，youll need 2 eggs，175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（2006广东卷）A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making to catch up the first bus.第5页3.As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not _，and asked myself what I was going to do.(湖南卷湖南卷)A.moved B.moving C.to move D.Being moved4.He sat _ to her _ the stairs.A.to listen;to climb B.listening;to climb C.listening;climb D.listening;to climbing【解析】【解析】listen是伴随是伴随sat而同时由主语而同时由主语he发出，所以用发出，所以用-ing 作伴随状语；作伴随状语；listen to 后跟不带后跟不带to不定式不定式/-ing作宾补。作宾补。【解析】因为与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当【解析】因为与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当 时连续了一会时连续了一会 儿，故用儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。心想自己该怎么办。标准二：标准二：用作伴随状语，标准上要用用作伴随状语，标准上要用-ing.-ing.listen to do/doing 第6页inging形式作伴随状语与形式作伴随状语与 to do to do作目标状语区分：作目标状语区分：作伴随状语作伴随状语inging形式与谓语动词动作同时发生且形式与谓语动词动作同时发生且前面经常带一逗号前面经常带一逗号;而作目标状语不定式动作要比而作目标状语不定式动作要比谓语动词动作后发生谓语动词动作后发生前面不能用逗号前面不能用逗号。用括号里词适当形式填空用括号里词适当形式填空1.Write to the editor,_ that the editor would be able to help her（hope）2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there _ on a big rock(rest )3.The secretary worked late into night,_ a long speech.(prepare)4._ warm,we shut all the windows.(keep)preparingto resthopingTo keep,第7页标准三：用作结果状语时，可用标准三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing-ing或不定式，其标准区分是，或不定式，其标准区分是，普通用普通用-ing-ing，表示一定逻辑结果，即结果在意料之中。，表示一定逻辑结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑结果，即结果在意料之外。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑结果，即结果在意料之外。5.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_ in the natural light during the day.（天津卷）（天津卷）A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let 【解析【解析 此处用此处用-ing 表示自然而然结果。表示自然而然结果。如：如：It rained heavily，causing severe flooding in that place.大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year，_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.（山东卷）（山东卷）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching 第8页 8.He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.（陕西卷）（陕西卷）A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told 7.He hurried to the station,only _ that the train had left.(广东卷广东卷)A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found【解析】【解析】only to do sth 在此表示出人意料结果。在此表示出人意料结果。第9页标准四：凡是含有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词。标准四：凡是含有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词。不过，假如所包括动作还未发生，则用不定式被动不过，假如所包括动作还未发生，则用不定式被动式；假如所包括动作正在进行，则用式；假如所包括动作正在进行，则用-ing-ing被动式被动式.9.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.（浙江卷）（浙江卷）A.to be heard B.to have heard C.hearing D.being heard【解析】依据句意，此处指是【解析】依据句意，此处指是“被听见被听见”，故要用被，故要用被 动式，所以动式，所以 可排除可排除 B 和和 C。另外，因为。另外，因为“设法被听见设法被听见”为目标状语，动作在为目标状语，动作在 当初还未发生，故用不定式，即选当初还未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。第10页11.When she came in,she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her.A.seating;fixing B.to seat;fixing C.having seated;fixed D.seated;fixed10.At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closed D.to open and close【解析】【解析】of 后应接后应接-ing，desks 与与open and close 之间存在逻之间存在逻辑辑上被动关系，又因上被动关系，又因could be heard，所以选，所以选-ing被动式表正在被被动式表正在被进行动作。进行动作。of a stranger his eyessittingseat vt.fix ones eyes upon=I was seated.I seated myself.=I sat down第11页标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语标准上应与标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语标准上应与主句主语保持一致主句主语保持一致.12.Faced with a bill for$10,000，_.（陕西卷）（陕西卷）A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given John an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John 13.While watching television，_.（全国卷（全国卷III）A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings【解析】因为【解析】因为 watching 逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和和 B；又因在；又因在hear后作宾补是省略了后作宾补是省略了 to 不定式，不定式，所以选项所以选项 D 中中 rings 是错误。是错误。watchingfaced with(be)faced with第12页标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，标准上要用完成式标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，标准上要用完成式（依据情况可用不定式完成式或（依据情况可用不定式完成式或ing完成式）完成式）14._ from other continents for millions of years，Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.（湖北卷）（湖北卷）1.A.Being separated B.Having separated2.C.Having been separated D.to be separated 【解析】因为【解析】因为 Australia 与与 separate 是被动关系，且是被动关系，且 separate 发生在谓语动词发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing完成被动式作原因状语。完成被动式作原因状语。15.The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.（江西卷）（江西卷）A.who has made B.having made C.made D.making【解析】因为【解析】因为 The manager 与与 make 是主动关系，且是主动关系，且 make 发生在谓语发生在谓语 left 之前，所以用之前，所以用-ing完成式作状语，完成式作状语，having made.相当于相当于 who had made.意思。意思。lefthas第13页16.Li Ming is said _ abroad.Do you know what country Yes,In London.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studyinghe studied in?he will study in?he studies in?CABisSb is said to do 听说第14页标准七：用于名词后作定语时，标准是：标准七：用于名词后作定语时，标准是：用不定式，表示动作还未发生用不定式，表示动作还未发生;用用-ing-ing，表示动作正在进行，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting _ the day after tomorrow.A.hold B.holding C.held D.to be held 18.There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.（上海卷）（上海卷）A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait the meeting the day after tomorrowvisitors第15页19.“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.（湖南卷）（湖南卷）A.lost B.losing C.to lost D.have lost 20.The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed!（全国（全国I）A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving ThingsThe last onelose vt.lose sb/sth注：受注：受 the first，the second.the last 修饰修饰名词或代词后标准上要用不定式作定语。名词或代词后标准上要用不定式作定语。You are the second to make that mistake.你是第二个犯这错误人。你是第二个犯这错误人。第16页Translate the following sentences into English.1.这是一个已经这是一个已经 讨论了问题。讨论了问题。2.这是一个正在这是一个正在 讨论问题。讨论问题。3.这是一个将要这是一个将要 讨论问题。讨论问题。This is a problem discussed.（已经完成被动动作）（已经完成被动动作）This is a problem being discussed.（正在进行被动动作）（正在进行被动动作）This is a problem to be discussed.（将要进行被动动作）（将要进行被动动作）discussed being discussed to be discussed已经已经正在正在将要将要第17页原则一：用作目状语，标准二：用作伴随状语，标准二：用作伴随状语，标准三：用作结果状语，标准三：用作结果状语，标准四：凡是含有被动意义时，标准四：凡是含有被动意义时，标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作 之前时，之前时，标准七：用于名词后作定语时，标准七：用于名词后作定语时，原则一：用作目状语，原则上用不定式.标准二：用作伴随状语，标准上用标准二：用作伴随状语，标准上用-ing.标准三：用作结果状语，可用标准三：用作结果状语，可用-ing/to do,标准区分是：标准区分是：-ing 表示一定逻辑结果，表示一定逻辑结果，to do 表示非逻辑结果。表示非逻辑结果。标准四：凡是有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词。标准四：凡是有被动意义时，标准上要用过去分词。假如动作还未发生，则用不定式被动形式；假如动作还未发生，则用不定式被动形式；假如动作正在进行，则用假如动作正在进行，则用-ing被动形式。被动形式。标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，标准上其逻辑标准五：非谓语动词作状语时，标准上其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。主语应与主句主语保持一致。标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，标准上标准六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，标准上要用完成式（要用完成式（-ing 完成式或不定式完成式）完成式或不定式完成式）标准七：用于名词后作定语，标准是：不定式表示动作还未发生；标准七：用于名词后作定语，标准是：不定式表示动作还未发生；-ing表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。表示动作正在进行：过去分词表示动作完成，被动。第18页二二.非谓语动词解题非谓语动词解题四大步骤四大步骤第19页（一）分析句子结构（一）分析句子结构,区分区分“谓语与非谓语谓语与非谓语”1._many times,but he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Being told C.He had been told D.Though he was toldC_A注意连词注意连词第20页3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.4._ a rainy day;we decided not to go there.A.is B.to be C.beingD.It being E.It was F.beenCE注意标点符号注意标点符号第21页 非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍含有动词特点，其非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍含有动词特点，其逻辑上动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。逻辑上动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。（二）找逻辑主语（二）找逻辑主语1.Walking along the street one day,she saw a little girl running up to her.2.She is reading a book found on the way.3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he told his colleagues about it.普通来说，作状语非谓语动词逻辑主语是句子主语；作宾补非谓语动词逻辑主语是宾语；作定语非谓语动词逻辑主语是被修饰词。第22页 A.to take B.taking C.to be taken D.takenD BEverythingthey5._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.6.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.第23页（三）分析语态（三）分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动主动还是还是被动被动关系。关系。7.“You cant catch me!”Jane shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 8._ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police.A.Having lost B.Lost C.Being lost D.LosingJane the two students第24页（四）（四）分析时态分析时态9.The building _now will be a restaurant.10.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.11.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C_B_D第25页二二.找找逻辑主语逻辑主语三、分析三、分析语语态态四、分析四、分析时时态态一.区分“谓与非谓”三三.非谓语动词解题步骤非谓语动词解题步骤方法总结：方法总结：谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态第26页Practice第27页 1.A railway station is no place for a child _ alone at night.A.leave B.leaving C.to be leaving D.to be left2.We were warned _ the fish which might give us a slight stomach upset.A.not to eat B.not eating C.to eat not D.eating not3._ themselves awake they sat on the floor and told each other stories.A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.To have kept4._ these children _ what you want is a science I can tell you!A.Getting;done B.Get;done C.To get;to do D.Getting;to do5.When youre learning to drive，_ a good teacher makes a big difference.A.have B.having C.and have D.and having第28页6.A few days after the interview，I received a letter _ me the job.A.offered B.offering C.to be offering D.having offered7.The plane crashed，_ all 200 people aboard.A.killed B.having killed C.killing D.had killed8.He was always the first _ and the last _ the office.A.to come，to leave B.coming，leaving C.to come，left D.coming，left9.Robert is said _ one of my classmates the other day，but I dont know who she is.A.to marry B.to have married C.to be marrying D.being married10.With everything she needed_,she left the shop.A.buying B.to buy C.bought D.to be bought第29页