初中英语语法精讲+精练 常用方位介词和短语.docx

常用方位介词和短语1概念引入本单元学习介词定冠词the名词构成介词短语的用法，介词后面可以跟名词和代词做宾语，构成介词短语。今天我们主要学习一下用来表示方位的介词和介词短语。2用法讲解1. on介词on表示“在某物之上”的意思，它通常表示一个物体在另一个物体之表面上面。两者之间有接触。例如：Your book is on the desk.你的书在课桌上面。There is a ball on the floor. 地板上有个球。拓展：above 和 over的区别on指的有接触面的上面，但是over和above都是没有接触面的上面。over“在正上方”，与under相对。例如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。The picture is hanging over the blackboard.那张图挂在黑板的正上方。above只表示“在上方或位置高出”，不一定是正上方，与below相对。例如：A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。The Turners live above us. 特纳一家人住在我们的上面。2. in介词in表示“在某物的里面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的内部、中间或者在某个范围之内。例如：Your pen is in the pencil case.你的钢笔在铅笔盒里面。She is the tallest in her class. 她是她们班最高的。3. under介词under表示“在某物的下面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的垂直正下面，两者之间没有接触。例如：My bike is under the tree.我的自行车在树的下面。The shoes are under the chair. 鞋在椅子的下面。拓展：under和below 的区别under表示“在之下”，通常表示位置处于正下方，与介词over“在上方”相对应。例如：There is a book under the table.桌子下面有一本书。A cat is sitting under the table.一只猫在桌子下面。below表示“在之下”，“在的下游”，与介词above相对应，常指在某物体之下，但不一定在该物的正下方。例如：Heisbelowtheaverageatschool.他的学习成绩在水准以下。He looked down at the hall below.他瞧了瞧下面的大厅。4. behind介词behind表示“在某物的后面”，它通常表示一个物体在另外一个物体的后面。例如：Your brother is behind the tree.你的弟弟在树的后面。She is standing behind her mother. 她站在她妈妈的后面。5. next tonext to是由形容词next和介词to构成的介词短语表示“紧挨着、在某物的旁边”的意思。例如：The table is next to the wall.桌子紧挨着墙。6. between介词between表示某个物体、某人位于两者之间，通常表示一个人、物处于另外两个人、物之间。例如：Your desk is between the door and the window.你的课桌位于门和窗户之间。Lily sits between Mary and Ann.丽丽坐在玛丽和安中间。拓展：between和among的区别between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上的人或物之间。例如：The teacher is among the students.老师在学生们中间。7. outsideoutside指“在外面”例如：There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。What did you see outside the hall? 你在大厅外看见了什么？8nearnear在附近，与far相对。例如：A hospital was built near the railway station.在火车站附近建了一所医院。My home is near the school. 我的家离学校很近。9in front of, in the front ofin front of在前面 , in the front of表示“在前部”，指里面。例如：A river flows in front of the house.房子前有一条河。There is a boy in the front of the car.车的前座坐着一个小男孩。10. aroundaround在周围，围绕。例如：There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。There are flowers around the stage. 舞台周围摆着鲜花。11. at“at”意为“在”，可以用在地点前也可以用在时间前。例如：Lets meet at the school gate.我们在学校门口见面吧。I get up at seven oclock. 我七点起床。巩固练习. 把下列词组翻译成英语。1. 在沙发上_2. 在桌子底下_3.在你的背包里_4. 在抽屉里_5. 在教室（外部）前面_. 单项选则。1. Your computer is _ to the door.A. behindB. onC. inD. next2 The map is _ the wall _ our classroom.A. on; onB. of; onC. on; atD. on; of3 Look! The window is _ the wall and the picture is _ the wall.A. on; onB. in; inC. in; onD. on; in4 Where is my ball? I cant see it. Look! Its _ the door.A. onB. inC. atD. behind5. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _ her face.A. on B. to C. in D. at6. My father is ill (生病), He is _.A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed7. There is a map ofChina_ the wall in the classroom.A. in B. on C. under D. at8. There are three windows _ the wall.Ain B. on C. at D. to9. There are many oranges _ the tree. A bird _ the tree is eating an orange.A. in; on B. on; on C. in; in D. on; in10. What time do you usually go to bed? I usually go to bed _ 11:00.A. in B. on C. at D. for11. We can see _ old bike _ the tree.A. a; under B. the; at C. an; in D. an; under12. My hats and coats are _.A. on the bedB. under deskC. in roomD. under the my bed13. He put up a map _ the back wall because there was a hole _ it.A. on; on B. at; in C. on; in D. on; at14. Dont read _ the sun.A. at B. under C. with D. in15. The boat is passing_ the bridge.A. through B. below C. under D. across【真题链接】1. My green ring is in the room. What about yours? _.A. Its redB. Its on the tableC. Its Alices2. There are 30 classrooms _ our school. Mine is _ the second floor.A. on; inB. in; inC. in; onD. on; on3. I have a friend and my friend is _ China.A. inB. atC. onD. underIII. 用适当的介词填空。1. A boy is _ the tree.2. Can you pick(摘) the apples _ the tree?3. There is a picture _ the wall.4. There are two windows _ the wall.5. I live _ Shanghai. 阅读短文回答问题。Toms room Its small but nice. A computer and some CDs are on the desk. His backpack is on the wall. The ID card is on his bed. The shoes are under the bed. A baseball is on the floor.Sallys roomIts very nice. The new pictures are on the wall. Her desk is near the window. Some flowers are on the desk. Where is her schoolbag? Oh, its on the chair. We cant see a hat on the bed, but we can see Mimi, her cat.The twins room Its big and nice. Two pencil cases are on the desk. Many books are on the bookcase. Its a big bed near the bookcase. One backpack is on the floor, and the other is on the chair. The jackets are behind the door. A picture of their father and mother is on the wall.1.Toms ID card is _ his bed, and his shoes are _ the bed.2.Sallys cat is _ her bed. Her schoolbag is _ the chair.3.The bookcase is _ the twins room. The big bed is _ the door.4.Two pencil cases are _ the chair in the twins room.5.A picture of the twins parents is_ the wall.参考答案. 把下列词组翻译成英语。1. on the sofa 2. under the table3. in your backpack 4. in the drawer5. in front of the classroom. 单项选择。1. D。本句子是考查介词的用法，但是，介词behind，on，in的后面用冠词the和名词、冠词、介词短语，不和to连用，所以本句子是用形容词next和to连用表示“紧挨着、在旁边”的意思。2. D。本句子用介词on和冠词the，名词wall构成介词短语表示“在墙上”的意思，后面用介词of构成名词所有格，表示所属关系，表示无生命的名词所有格的形式用of，而不用s形式。3. C。本句子是考查介词的用法，表示在某物的表面之上用介词on；表示在某物内部用介词in。窗户是在墙的里面所以用介词in；画是贴在墙的表面上，与墙接触，所以用介词on。4. D。从对话前面的句子I cant see it.和问句可以判断后面的句子是用介词behind表示“在门的后面”，所以选择D是比较符合对话的上下句子意思和情景。5. A。句意：“Sally 非常开心，她脸上满脸微笑。”“在上”用介词on。6. A。in bed 表示“卧床（睡觉）”，此时bed前无需加冠词。7. B。地图在墙上，故用介词on。8. A。窗户是嵌在墙里面的，故应该用介词in。9. D。长在树上的东西用on；外来的东西用in。10. C。点钟前用介词at。11. D。句意：“我们可以看见树下有一辆旧自行车。”；“一辆自行车”，故选不定冠词，用因为old以原音开头，所以选an; “在底下”用介词“under”。12. A。可数名词的前面应该加冠词，所以排除B，C项；已经有代词修饰时前面不用再加冠词，故排除D项；因此选A。13. C。地图在墙的表面用介词on；洞是在墙里面，用介词in。14. D。句意：“不要在阳光下读书。”；在阳光下不用under用in。15. C。船从桥下经过，用介词under。【真题链接】1. B。由问句“你的耳环在哪？”可知，选择B，表示方位，意为“在桌子上”。2.C。表示“在学校里”，用介词in；表示“在第几层楼上”，用介词on。3.A。表示“在中国”，用介词in。III. 用适当的介词填空。1. 不是树上结的果实，表示某物在树上是要用in。2. 树上结的果实“在树上”要用on。3. 墙表面的上面，用介词on。4. 窗户是镶嵌在墙里的，故用介词in。5. 住在哪里，用介词in。. 阅读短文回答问题。1. on; under 2. on; on 3. in; behind 4. on 5. on