高中英语虚拟语气语法省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页I wish I _(be)as tall as you.were第2页I wish I were a bird.第3页I wish every day _(be)my birthday.were第4页I wish/wished I _(eat)so much watermelon.hadnt eaten第5页I wish it would rain tomorrow.第6页wishwish引导虚拟句引导虚拟句第7页表示表示愿望愿望(wish),wish接宾语从句有三种情况：接宾语从句有三种情况：1)现在：用过去式现在：用过去式 2)过去：用过去完成式过去：用过去完成式(had done)3)未来：用情态动词未来：用情态动词(would/could)+do第8页I wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 现在现在had done 过去过去would/might/would do 未来未来第9页虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1.I wish she would be on my side.我希望她能站在我一边。我希望她能站在我一边。2.I wish I were 30 years younger.我希望自己能年轻三十岁。我希望自己能年轻三十岁。3.I wish(that)you would get a good job.我希望你能找到一个好职业。我希望你能找到一个好职业。4.He wished he hadnt done it.他想要是他没这么做该多好。他想要是他没这么做该多好。虚拟语气在：虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中在宾语从句中 第10页虚拟语气虚拟语气if only 意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊;真希望真希望.;只要只要,只要只要.就好就好 表示现在情况表示现在情况,应用过去式应用过去式;假如是过去情况假如是过去情况,应用过去完成时态应用过去完成时态 If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.第11页If only(1)要是就好了要是就好了=I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我们父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们父母能和我们住在一起就好了。If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我没错过火车就好了要是我没错过火车就好了.第12页 英语动词有英语动词有 种语气种语气 陈说语气陈说语气 祈使语气祈使语气 虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话不是事实，或者是不用来表示说话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生情况，而是一个愿望，太可能发生情况，而是一个愿望，提议，假设语气叫虚拟语气。提议，假设语气叫虚拟语气。三三第13页 虚拟语气考点虚拟语气考点 1、条件句中虚拟语气使用方法；、条件句中虚拟语气使用方法；2、条件句中虚拟语气倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气使用方法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气使用方法；4、几个特殊结构中虚拟语气使用方、几个特殊结构中虚拟语气使用方法法;5、虚拟语气时态判定。、虚拟语气时态判定。第14页if if引导虚拟条件句引导虚拟条件句第15页区分区分:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.陈说语气陈说语气虚拟语气虚拟语气第16页If I _time last night,I _ to see the film with you.had hadwould have gone第17页If he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 第18页If I how to swim,I trapped in this island.had learnt would not have been 第19页If the staff had been more careful,the mall would not be on fire now.第20页What What wouldwould you do if you do if you you wonwon the lottery?the lottery?If I If I wonwon the lottery,the lottery,I I wouldwould第21页If I won the lottery,I would buy an expensive car.第22页IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla.第23页If I had a lot of money now,I would travel around the world.第24页If it were fine now,I would go shopping.第25页If he got up early,he would be on time第26页虚拟语气虚拟语气例句例句1.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟话，你就能见到他了。要是你早来几分钟话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好话，我来看你。明天要是天气好话，我来看你。(与未来事与未来事实可能相反实可能相反)3.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你话，我会马上走。假如我是你话，我会马上走。(与现在事实与现在事实相反，实际上我不可能是你相反，实际上我不可能是你)虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在条件从句中在条件从句中第27页主从句谓语形式主从句谓语形式时间时间If 从句谓语形式从句谓语形式主句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来did/werehad donewould/could/should/might+V.(原原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.did/were2.should do3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.(原原)第28页If+主主+did(were),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形If I were you,I would try it again.1.假如我是你，我会再试一次。假如我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.假如我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。假如我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反虚拟条件句与现在事实相反虚拟条件句第29页If+主主+had done sth,主主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard,he would have passed the examination.1.1.假如他努力学话，他就经过这次考试。假如他努力学话，他就经过这次考试。If I had married her,I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当初我和她结了婚话，那我是很不幸。要是当初我和她结了婚话，那我是很不幸。与过去事实相反虚拟条件句与过去事实相反虚拟条件句第30页与未来事实相反虚拟条件句与未来事实相反虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语通常有时间状语)If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.If he were to come here tomorrow,I would tell him.1.1.假如他明天来话假如他明天来话,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.2.2.假如他明天来话假如他明天来话,我会告诉他我会告诉他.If+主主+did(were to/should do),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形第31页If If虚拟句倒装虚拟句倒装第32页 万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比万一下雨，我们将不得不推迟比 赛。赛。we will have to put off the sports meet.In case it rains,In case of rain,If it should rain,Should it rain,第33页假如条件状语中有假如条件状语中有were,had,should时时,能能够倒装成：够倒装成：Were/Should/Had +主主+其它其它Were I you,Had he been there yesterday,Should it snow tomorrow,If I were you,I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.假如我是你，我会再试一次。假如我是你，我会再试一次。假如他昨天在那儿话，他就会看那部假如他昨天在那儿话，他就会看那部电影了。电影了。假如明天下雪，我们就不出去了。假如明天下雪，我们就不出去了。第34页1._the exam,he would have attend a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passedC.Were he passed D.If he should pass2._five minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arriveC.Had you arrived D.Should you arrive第35页名词性从句中虚拟语名词性从句中虚拟语气及几个虚拟语气特气及几个虚拟语气特殊句型殊句型第36页1.表示要求表示要求,命令命令,提议虚拟语气提议虚拟语气 一个一个坚持坚持，两个，两个命令命令，三个三个提议提议，四个，四个要求要求 1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose (advice,suggestion,proposal)4.demand,require,request,desire这些词引导这些词引导名词性从句名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。要使用虚拟语气。即从句中动词使用即从句中动词使用should+动词原形，动词原形，或者将或者将should省略省略。第37页My demand is that she _(come)to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical works (be)closed down.He suggested that we _(go)to Beijing for sightseeing.The proposal that we (go)out for a picnic was warmly welcomed.(should)go(should)come(should)be(should)go表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句第38页Wesuggestthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)bethereontime=Itisoursuggestionthatyou(should)bethereontime.=Itissuggestedthatyou(should)bethereontime.第39页注意：注意：如如suggest,insist用于其本意用于其本意“暗示、暗示、表明表明“、”坚持认为坚持认为“时，宾语从时，宾语从句句 用陈说语气。用陈说语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send)to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have)a meeting at once.4.His pale face suggested that he_(be)ill.obeywasbe senthavewas第40页虚拟语气虚拟语气4.在句型在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that.”中，中，that后面从句中谓语动词后面从句中谓语动词用：用：should+动词原形动词原形例句例句1)Itsnecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。2)Itsnaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她这么做是很自然。她这么做是很自然。3)Itsimportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.主要是我们要照料好病人。主要是我们要照料好病人。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在主语从句中在主语从句中第41页主语从句中虚拟语气主语从句中虚拟语气基本句型基本句型：a.It is suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted；+(should)do b.It is important,necessary,natural,desirable,strange,advisable,imperative c.It is a pity,a shame,no wonder 第42页考题点击考题点击：1.Is it necessary that he _ the examination?A.takes B.has to takeC.must take D.take2.It is strange that he _ you this.A.would tell B.should tell C.had told D.has toldDB第43页He behaves as if he owned the house.(But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.)第44页He talks about Rome as though hehad been there himself.第45页虚拟语气虚拟语气6.在在asif从句中，惯用虚拟形式，即从句中，惯用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事表示与现在事实相反，用过去式实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成与过去事实相反用过去完成式式(haddone).一、一、asif(asthough)连接表语从句连接表语从句shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.她看起来似乎是冰做她看起来似乎是冰做helookedasifhehadntsleptfortwodays.二、二、asif连接让步状语从连接让步状语从句句Shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson.她照料这男孩就像自己儿子一样。她照料这男孩就像自己儿子一样。Hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere.他给我们讲好象他去过那儿。他给我们讲好象他去过那儿。虚拟语气在虚拟语气在在在asif从句中从句中第46页as if/though+Clause现在：现在：过去：过去：未来未来:did/were(现在现在)had done(过去过去)would+动词原形动词原形(未来未来)第47页 区分：区分：HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陈说语气陈说语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虚拟语气虚拟语气第48页虚拟语气虚拟语气Its(high/right)timethatthat从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用从句要用虚拟语气：谓语用过去时过去时或或should+doItstimethatyoulefthere.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed虚拟语气中几个特例虚拟语气中几个特例第49页Its(about/high)time+that-should+V.过去时过去时你该走了。你该走了。我们该睡觉了。我们该睡觉了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.Its(about)time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.第50页虚拟语气虚拟语气在在would(had)rather(宁愿宁愿)引导宾语从句引导宾语从句中中虚拟语气中几个特例虚拟语气中几个特例第51页1.would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.第52页虚拟语气虚拟语气4.一些介词短语一些介词短语,如如:butfor(要不是要不是),without,otherwise(不然不然),inthatcase(假如是那样话假如是那样话),表示含蓄条件表示含蓄条件,这时主句这时主句要用虚拟语气要用虚拟语气 Without/But for your help,we would not have made such rapid progress.虚拟语气中几个特例虚拟语气中几个特例第53页 有时为了表示需要有时为了表示需要,并不总是出现并不总是出现 if 引导引导条件句条件句,而经过其它伎俩来代替条件句而经过其它伎俩来代替条件句.1.I was ill that day.0therwise,I _(take)part in the sports meet.2.I _(give)you more help,but I was too busy.3.A man who stopped drinking_(be)dead in seven days.4.But for water,it _(be)impossible to live in the desert.would have takenmight have given would be would be 第54页虚拟语气时态判虚拟语气时态判定定第55页注意注意:假设条件从句谓语动词发生时间假设条件从句谓语动词发生时间与主句所假设谓语动词不一致情与主句所假设谓语动词不一致情况下虚拟语气况下虚拟语气(混合条件句，这时混合条件句，这时动作形式应依据它所表示时间加动作形式应依据它所表示时间加以调整。以调整。第56页假如我是你，我就听从他提议。假如我是你，我就听从他提议。If I were you,I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去从句表示现在，主句表示过去假如你听我话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。假如你听我话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在从句表示过去，主句表示现在假如这些天一直没下雨，我们现在能够进行假如这些天一直没下雨，我们现在能够进行工作了。工作了。从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行If you had listened to me,you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days,we should be going on with the works.第57页If you had followed my advice,you If you had followed my advice,you would be able to finish the work now.would be able to finish the work now.假如你当初听了我话，现在就能完成这份工假如你当初听了我话，现在就能完成这份工作了。作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I were you,I would have gone to her If I were you,I would have gone to her birthday party.birthday party.假如我是你，我就去参加她生日晚会了。假如我是你，我就去参加她生日晚会了。（从句（从句说说明明现现在，主句在，主句说说明明过过去。）去。）第58页If you hadnt lent me some money,If you hadnt lent me some money,I couldnt have bought the new I couldnt have bought the new house and most likely I would be house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous house still living in the dangerous house now.now.假若你不借钱给我，假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）第59页 1.假如过去天气好话，现在庄稼长得更加好了假如过去天气好话，现在庄稼长得更加好了 If the weather _finer,the crops _still better.2.假如你听了老师提议话，你现在就不会在医院里假如你听了老师提议话，你现在就不会在医院里了了 If you _ the teachers advice,you _ in the hospital.3.假如你身体情况好一些话，我们本可能会让你假如你身体情况好一些话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作去帮助他们工作 If you in better health,we _ you to go there to help their work.had beencould have allowedwould be growinghad followedwouldnt bewere第60页虚拟语气虚拟语气1.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.A.would have missed B.had missed C.would miss D.missed2.If I had known you were coming,I _ you at the airport.A.had met B.met C.would meet D.would have metMoreExercisesAD第61页虚拟语气虚拟语气3.If only I _ to my parents!(But I didnt.)A.listened B.had listened C.should listen D.would listen4.Tom suggested that Ann _ the house.A.sell B.sold C.shall sell D.would sell5.I wish this bus _ to the university.A.go B.went C.has gone D.had goneBAB第62页虚拟语气虚拟语气6.Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱),though his parents feed him very well.A.get B.getting C.got D.should get7.He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B.were C.was D.been8.I _ you some money,but I hadnt got any then.A.would lend B.would have lent C.could lend D.may have lentCAB第63页虚拟语气虚拟语气9.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?-No,butIwishI_.A.haveB.willC.doD.had10.Idontthinkitistherighttimethatyou_.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo11.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenDBC第64页PracticeFinishawritingpassage,accordingtotheChinesegiven.JimJim刚才做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走刚才做完左腿手术而被告诉一个月不能走动。他后悔假如前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今动。他后悔假如前一天晚上没有玩电脑游戏，今天早晨就能够早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到天早晨就能够早点儿起床，也就不会因为怕迟到而撞倒致使自己住院了而撞倒致使自己住院了。妈妈也因为儿子没有按妈妈也因为儿子没有按时睡觉而在责备他。同时时睡觉而在责备他。同时JimJim也在遗憾下周运动会也在遗憾下周运动会不能参加了，预想不能参加了，预想400400米冠军也不能得到了。米冠军也不能得到了。第65页PracticeCompletethefollowingpassagewiththeverbsinbrackets,usingtheSubjunctiveMood.第66页 Jim has just had an operation on his leg.He was told he would have to stay in bed for at least three months.Now he regrets what he did:The accident would not have happened if he had not been so foolish.He (not wake up)so late that morning if he _(not stay up)late the night before playing computer games.wouldnt have woken uphadnt stayed up第67页 Jims mother agreed:”If my son _(get up)half an hour earlier,he _(not ride)his bike so crazily.”Jims mother blamed Jim in front of the doctor,”If he _ _(follow)advice and gone to bed earlier,he _(spend)more time on his way to school and he _(not hit)a tree by the street.”had got upwouldnt have riddenhadfollowedcould have spentwouldt have hit第68页 “Yes,indeed,Mum”answered Jim in a low voice.“But you know if I _(not notice)the little girl crossing the street all of a sudden,I_(knock)her down.My leg_(not injure),and instead of me the girl _(take)to hospital.hadnt noticedwould have knockedwouldhave been injuredwould have been taken第69页 Lying in bed,Jim kept on saying“How I wish I_(be)more careful,Mum!”It was true that if this accident had not happened,Jim _(find)himself sitting in the classroom enjoying his class.And it _(be)possible even for him to win the 400-meter race in the sports competition if he _(join)them the next week.had beenwould foundwould becould join第70页so that 与与in order that 二者引导目标状语从句谓语部分应该用二者引导目标状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形动词原形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it.She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted.He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.第71页9.用用“may+动词原形动词原形”表示祝表示祝福，希望，此时福，希望，此时may须置于句首须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝你好运！祝你好运！May you be happy!祝你高兴！祝你高兴！May you do even better!祝你取得更祝你取得更大成就大成就 Long live the people!人民万岁！人民万岁！“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！愿上帝保佑你！”第72页 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句第73页非真实条件句中条件从句非真实条件句中条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大致有三种情况大致有三种情况:第74页1.条件暗含在短语中。如：条件暗含在短语中。如：W hat would I have done without you?(条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语without you中中)It would be easier to do it this way.(条件暗含在不定式短语条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中中)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.(暗含条件是暗含条件是but for your help)第75页This same thing,happening in wartime,would lead to a disaster.(条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中中)He must have the strength of a hippopotamus,or he never could have vanquished that great beast.(暗含条件是连词暗含条件是连词or)Alone,he would have been terrified.(暗含条件是暗含条件是alone)第76页2.条件暗含在上下文中。如：条件暗含在上下文中。如：You might stay here forever.(可能暗含可能暗含if you wanted to)We would have succeeded.(可能暗含可能暗含if we had kept trying)Your reputation would be ruined.(可能暗含可能暗含if you should accept it)I would appreciate a little of your time.(可能暗含可能暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)第77页3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，极难找出其暗含条件。法，极难找出其暗含条件。如：如：You wouldnt know.你不会知道。你不会知道。I would like to come.我愿意来。我愿意来。I wouldnt have dreamed of it.这是我做梦也不会想到。这是我做梦也不会想到。He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness.他将那事讲非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见他将那事讲非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样一样 第78页第79页