生产工艺英文版模板.doc

Pyrometallurgical:

Also known as dry smelting, the ore and the necessary additives together in a furnace heated to high temperatures, melting into a liquid to produce the required chemical reactions, thereby separating the crude metal, and then rough metal refining.

Hydrometallurgy):

Is acid. Base. Salt water solution, using chemical methods to extract the required metal from ore components, and then use various methods of electrolytic solution Preparation of metal, the main application of this method is difficult in low capacity of taste or slightly powdered ore.

Chapter I: Copper Production Technology

Copper raw material: 1> Natural Copper: 99% copper content, but very few reserves.
2 "copper oxide: number not more.
3 "copper sulfide: the most widely distributed, is the main raw material for copper.

Pyrometallurgical: calcination (roasting )----- melting (smelting) --- blowing (blowing) --- refining (refining)

Roasting: Remove some of concentrate sulfur, arsenic and other volatile parts of the impurities ------.> ___ sulfur concentrate smelting ----.> 1. Sulfur content is low, get blister copper, sulfur for a long time, the generated matte, copper (40% - 55%), 2. slag material: copper generally 0.4% - 0.5%.
Matte ---- --- à blowing by blister, copper 95% -98%, residue materials: containing lead, zinc, lead flue gas. Sulfur. Zn.
Blister-à refined by copper concentrate (99% -99.9%), slag: copper higher.

Wet Copper: roasting (roasting) --- leaching purification (leaching) --- Electrolyzation (electrowinning)
Sulfide copper concentrate (20% -30 %)--- roasting -> be soluble in dilute sulfuric acid, copper sulfate, sulfur from flue gas of lead, copper slag containing lead and zinc. Copper sulfate leach purification- ----- purpose to remove iron, then power integral method, by Ingredients: electric copper: 99.5% -99.95%, slag material: platinum metal with gold and silver, lead

Chapter II: lead smelting production process

Fire refining of lead: lead sulfide concentrate roasting ---- sintering - à be agglomeration of lead, lead 40% -50%, slag material: lead. Copper., Smoke containing lead and zinc. --- Lead Sinter changes into Crude lead through smelting reduction. lead about 98% .slag (slag): Some Gold and other metals of lead zinc, lead flue gas. --- Fire refining of crude lead à be refined lead (99.9%), slag material: Copper: 0.001% - 0.002%, Zn: 0.6% -0.7%.

Wet smelting of lead: lead sulfide concentrate roasting à lead sulfate --- --- Blast Furnace (blast furnace) by crude lead (98%), slag: copper (in the form of ice recovery of copper), zinc (smoke method recovery), blister - electrowinning refinery -> get 99.9% of lead concentrates, slag: platinum group metals including gold, silver, copper and zinc.

Chapter III: zinc production process

Fire Zinc:
--- Flash flotation concentrate. Calcination (flotation.roasting) by main ingredient, zinc oxide, flue gas sulfur, lead. Slag: copper with zinc. Zinc oxide - blast furnace (blast furnace) by Ingredients: Crude zinc, lead flue gas, copper slag compound. Zn,
Crude Zinc - Zinc Electrowinning be refined à concentrate, slag: copper not more than 2%, lead is not more than 3%.

Hydrometallurgy;
Zinc sulfide concentrates - are roasting à Ingredients: Zinc agglomeration, slag material: containing lead, zinc, lead and zinc sulfur from flue gas. --- Agglomeration of zinc leaching (leaching) of zinc sulfate solution by the slag material: zinc, lead. --- Is purified zinc sulfate solution (refining) emulsion in the lead of copper, zinc sulfate solution --- clean-à electrowinning of zinc concentrate (zinc concentrate)

Chapter IV: refined nickel production technology

Fire refining nickel;
Nickel sulfide roasting à Ni --- --- Blast Furnace Sinter à get low ice nickel, the total content of nickel and copper -25% 8% slag: Nickel. Zinc oxide, lead oxide. Low ice Nickel - blowing -> Ingredients: high ice nickel, copper and nickel 70% -75%, slag material: nickel. Copper and nickel matte - Mill Run à crude nickel (67% -68%) - electrolytic refining à Nickel concentrate (99.85% - 99.99%)

Wet Lian Ni:
Nickel sulfide - pressure acid leaching of nickel sulfate-à à-à crude reduction smelting of nickel -.> electrolytic refining -> Electric Nickel.

Chapter V: lead-zinc production process

Zinc oxide is the main stone extraction of lead. Zinc metal, one of the important basic raw material

--- Blast Furnace à ore was enriched ore, slag compound zinc (4.3% - 4.5%), lead (0.82% - 0.84%),

Rich ore - furnace blowing smoke -.> Java compound zinc (1.0% -1.5%), lead (0.1% - 0.15%). Ingredients: zinc oxide dust lead concentrate-à germanium

Chapter VI: brass factory production process

Brass is composed of copper and zinc alloy. If it is only copper and zinc on the composition of the brass called ordinary brass. If two or more from a variety of elements called special brass alloy. As the lead, tin, manganese, nickel, lead, iron, silicon copper alloy composed of
Pyrometallurgical copper is usually a few percent or the first few thousandths of the original ore, by dressing up to 20-30%, as copper concentrate, in the smelting furnace, reverberatory furnace, stove or furnace to create Flash matte smelting, melting output matte (matte) and then were blown into the converter to Make blister, and then in another reflection off the furnace after oxidation refining complex, or the cast anode plate electrolytic, 99.9% were grade of electrolytic copper.

归纳：Jeffery

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