初中英语语法八大时态.doc

初中英语语法八大时态
第一课时 一般现在时的用法
一、 概述
一般现在时表示习惯性、经常性、反复性的动作或存在的状态。“习惯性、经常性、反复性”是一般现在时的三大特性，它不表示特定时间内发生的事。
二、一般现在时的结构
时态的结构指的是动词的变化形式。一般现在时间有两种结构，一种是动词原形，用于主语为非第三人称时的情况；另一种为动词的第三人称单数形式，用于主语为第三人称时的情况。Eg1.We often get up early in the morning.
Eg2.My father often gets up early in the morning.
三、谈谈“主语为三单，其后动词s添”
在一般现在时中，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。可以简单叙述为“主语为三单，其后动词s添”。何谓第三人称单数？用一句话概括就是“非你、非我、非复数”，如he, she, it, my father, my mother, my sister, our English teacher, Tom, Mike, Liu Jia, China, my book, etc.
Eg3.He sometimes goes to school by bike.
Eg4.My father works in the hospital as a doctor.
四、动词第三人称单数变化规则
动词第三人称变化的规则与可数名词复数变化的规则相同。
规则一、一般在词尾加-s。
如：looks, puts. reads, sees, skis等。
规则二、以-o, -s, -x, -sh, -ch结尾的加-es。
如：goes, does, misses, passes, mixes, fixes, pushes, wishes, watches, teaches,等。
规则三、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加y才变，若是元音字母加y，则直接加-s。
如：fly　→　flies,　try　→　tries,　fry　→　fries,　copy　→　copies
buy　→　buys,　enjoy　→　enjoys,　play　→　plays,　say　→　says,　pay　→　pays五、一般现在时的句子转换
（1） 当句子中有be动词或情态动词时，则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成一般疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.例：
①陈述句：She is a student.
一般疑问句→ Is she a student?
否定句→ She is not a student.
②陈述句：I can swim.
一般疑问句→ Can you swim?
否定句→ I can not swim.
（2） 当句子中即没有be动词，也没有情态动词时，则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does（单数she,he,it）变成一般疑问句；在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t（I,you,以及复数), doesn’t（单数she,he,it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。例：
①陈述句：We get up at 7:00 every morning.一般疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.
②陈述句：She has a little brother.
一般疑问句→ Does she have a little brother?否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.
六、练习巩固
1.写出下列动词的三单形式
go__________ catch_________
brush（刷）_____ wash___________
do________ like________
have___________ watch________
drink ___________ fly___________
say_______ learn ___________
eat___________ read___________ sing__ ____ buy__________　　　　
study_______ stay __________
make __________ look ____
pass__________ carry ____
come__________plant(种植)______
teach_______ buy__________
2.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. We often___________(play) in the playground.
2. He _________(get) up at six o’clock.
3.__________you_________(brush) your teeth every morning.
4. What________ (do) he usually______ (do) after school?
5.Danny_______(study)English,Chinese,Maths,
Science and Art at school.
6. Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight at night, she often__________(watch) TV with his parents.
8. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
9.How many lessons_________your classmate________(have) on Monday?
10. What time_________his mother_________(do) the housework?
3.选择题
( )1. I ________to school at 7:00 in the morning.
A. go B. going C. goes
( )2. They _______books every day in the library.
A.reads B. read C. reading
( )3. The monkey________ eating bananas very much.
A.like B. likes C. liking
( )4. My father ________to read newspaper after supper every day.
A.like B. likes C. liking
( )5. I like watching TV, but my mother _________like it.
A. don’t B. doesn’t C. does
( )6. ____________ your father drink milk every day?
A.do B. are C. does
（　 ）7. We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow.
A. don't rain B. didn't rain
C.doesn't rain D. isn't rain
（　　）8. He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west.
A rose; set B rises; sets
C rises, set D rise; sets
（　　）9.Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens
C like; are listening D liking ; listen
（　 ）10. Jenny____ English every evening.
A has study B studies
C study D studied
一、单项填空。
1. Anna a child?
A.Does B. Do C. Is
2. you usually to school on foot?
A. Do, comes B. does, come C. Do, come
3. she usually to school on foot?
A. Do, comes B. does, come C. Do, come
4. she home at six o’clock every evening?
A. Do, gets B. Does. get C.Do, get
5. My mother like watcing TV, so she to bed very early every evening.
A. doesn’t ,go B.don’t, go C. doesn’t, goes
6.Mr Green usually newspapers after supper every day.
A. read B.reading C.reads
二、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.We often___________(play) in the playgound every day.
2. What        (do) he usually       (do) after school?
3. ________ Mike________(read) English every day?
4. The boy (sit) under the tree now.
5. ---What are you going to do? ---I (paint) the bookcase.
6. He (like) spring best.
7. ---Where the girl (come) from? ---She from Beijing.
8. We are . We come from (Chinese, China)
9. Jim (not like) coffee, but he (like) tea.
10. Do you want (some) meat today?
三、填入下列句子中所缺的单词。
1. Do you want apples oranges?
2. --- you come from? ---I from Italy.
3. --- the boy from? ---The boy from Shanghai.
4. the weather like in winter in Beijing?
5. seasons do you like best?
6. What is the climate in that country?
7. nationality you? I’m American.
四、改写句子。
1. She lives in a small city.    （改为一般疑问句）

5. He watches TV every day. （改为否定句）
4. They live in a small city.    （改为一般疑问句）

5. Anna watches TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）

五、改错
1. The dog is eatting bones.

2. My brother like beef.

3. They not walking over the bridge.

4. What are you do?

5. She doesn’t likes the winter.

6. He is swiming across the river.

7. It don’t rain in winter.

8. Do he come from England?

9. I comes from China.

10. The child crying.

11. What are the child doing?

六、用所给的词语组成句子。
1. she, does, like, steak, not, either
.
2. weather, like, the, what, today, is
?
3. weather, the, is, often, in, warm, the, of, south, couth, country, this
.
4. it, always, hot, is, summer, and, in, sometimes, rains, it
.
5. Jim, is, comes, from, and, French, France, he
.

第二课时 一般过去时
一、巧记一般过去时：
动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have,has变had；
谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。

否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添；
疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 不含be动词时
如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；
动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。 含be动词时
疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。

be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，be的过去时有四巧：
一是时间状语巧， 表示过去的短语要记牢；
二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；
三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟was／were；
四是疑问句式巧，was／were向前跑(提前)。
【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧
与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。
1. yesterday或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；
2. 由“last+一时间名词”构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；
3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；
4. 其它：just now等
5. 由某些表示过去时态的从句等。

【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单
数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。
例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning． 昨天早上我在教室里。
He was at school last Tuesday． 上周二他在学校。
They were over there a moment ago． 刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即：
主语 ＋ wasn't／ weren't ＋ 表语 ＋ 其他。例如：
I was not (＝wasn't) here yesterday． 昨天我不在这儿。
My parents were not (＝weren't) at home last Sunday．上周日我父母不在家。
【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：
Was(Were) ＋ 主语 ＋表语 ＋ 其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖ 前天你在家吗？
Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗？
疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语＋was／were．”；
否定回答用“No,主语＋wasn't／weren't．”。
例如：—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖ 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？
—Yes, they were． (No, they weren't．) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）
一、 单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)
( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday．
A． isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't
( )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖
A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were
( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now．
A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was
( )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖
A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after
( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖
—＿＿＿＿＿＿．
A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't
( )6. I cleaned my classroom ___________.
A with three hours B three hours ago
C in three hours D three hours before
( ) 7. I came _______ my house two days ago .
A back on B back to C to back D back
( ) 8 . ___________? He did some reading at home.
A What does your father do yesterday evening
B What does your brother do in the school
C What did your brother do over the weekend
D Where did your brother go last Sunday
( ) 9. What did you do ________ ? I went to the movies.
A next morning B over the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday
( ) 10. The koala sleeps _______，but gets up _________.
A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during night
C in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night
二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.
7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night.
8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.
9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.
三、翻译下列句子(20)
1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.
2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。
Jenny likes _________ __________. She _________ an English book last night.
3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。
Emma__________ TV every day. But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.
4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。
What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?
They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.
5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。
This morning Fangfang ____ ____ ____ ____ because his father _____ _____ ____ yesterday.
6. 你还有什么要说的？ What _______ would you like _______ _______?
7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。 Don’t forget ______ _______ _______ _______ the teacher.
8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？ Why _______ you _______ TV last night?
9. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。
When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground.
10. 他什么时候出生的？1980年。 ---When _______ he _______? ---_______ 1980.
四、改写句子：(20)
1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_______ there _______ orange in the cup?
4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?
5. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?
6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas______ _____RMB 10 on this book.
7. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）
________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?
8. I think she is Lily’s sister. （否定句。注意否定转移）____________________
9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）
Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.
10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问） _______ _______ he _______ ________?
五、 改错题(20)
1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________
2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________
3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________
4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________
5．Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________
6．Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________
7．I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________
8．He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________
9．Who find it just now ? ________________________________________
10.What make him cry (哭) just now? __________________________________
六、完形填空(10)
Tom did not like doing his homework，because he liked to do some 1 things after school．And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework．
Then one day，his maths teacher 3 at Tom’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right．He was very 4 and surprised（惊奇）．The next morning before class，he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him，“You got all your homework right this time．Did your father help you？”Sometimes Tom’s father helped him with his homework， 7 this time he didn’t help Tom because he 8 at home．So Tom answered，“NO，Sir．He Was busy last night，so I 9 to do it 10 ．”
（ ）1．A．others B．another C．the other D．other
（ ）2．A．made B．found C．looked at D．looked
（ ）3．A．laughed B．knocked C．looked D．saw
（ ）4．A．please B．pleased C．pleasure D．sad
（ ）5．A．to B．for C．in D．at
（ ）6．A．talked B．asked C．spoke D．said
（ ）7．A．and B．but C．so D．or
（ ）8．A．isn’t B．won’t be C．wasn’t D．can’t be
（ ）9．A．wanted B．mustn’t C．liked D．had
（ ）10．A．itself B．of them C．myself D．himself
七．写作(10)。 日记一则，字数50---60。 记叙一天的活动：
1．早晨起床，吃饭，上学；
2．上午的课程，并就其中一堂课进行描述；
3．午休的活动；
4．下午的课程及作业；
5. 晚上的安排。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第三课时 现在进行时

1.现在进行时的构成：Am/is/ are+ v-ing是现在进行时的构成形式
2. 动词加ing的变化规则：
1）一般情况下，直接加in