Unit-6-section-A.ppt

CONTENTSCONTENTSB BBE E EA AADDC CCLead-inLead-inText ReadingText ReadingText Text Text UnderstandingUnderstandingUnderstandingTheme Theme ExplorationExploration Summary Summary Summary Less is More Tellthestory“SmashingtheCauldronsandSinkingtheBoats”(破釜沉舟)toyourclassmatesanddiscussitsmessage.InthelateyearsoftheQinDynasty(秦朝,221-206BC),XiangYu(项羽)launchedarebellion.AftercrossingtheZhangRiver(漳河),XiangYuorderedhissoldierstosinkalltheboatsandbreaktheircookingpots,leavingonlyathree-daysupplyoffoodforeachsoldier.Hewarnedthemthattherewasnowaytoretreat;theonlythingtheycoulddotosurvivewastoadvanceandfight.XiangYusboatburningstrategygavehismennochoicebuttogoforwardtofightwithskillandpassion.Afterninefuriouswar,theQinarmywasfinallydefeated.Less is More2Door closer,are you?Unit 6 Section AUnit 6 Section AFOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITYrival optionsThetextstartswithaquestionaboutwhatXiangYu,aChineseimperialgeneral,woulddowhenfacing_.(Para.1)TipsTipsTipsTipsWhy did General Xiang Yu order his troops tocrush their cooking pots and burn their sailingshipswhencrossingtheZhangRiver?(Para.3)TipsTipsTipsTipstoimposeonhistroopsanecessarysacrificetoachievevictoryovertheiropponents.toinspirethesoldiersbemoredeterminedandconcentratedonthebattles.PartIintroducesastoryofclosingdoorstoopen_aboutXiangYu.Facingchoicesofrivaloptions,hemadeanunusualdecision-orderinghistroopstocrushcookingpotsandburntheirsailingships.Bydoingthis,heclosedthedoorforretreatingfromtheenemysterritorybutopenedthewindowfor_.Part I (Paras.1-_)3windowsofopportunitywinningthebattleAccordingtoDr.Arielysbook,Predictably Irrational,whatmightbeaweaknessofhumanbeings?(Para.4)TipsTipsTipsTipsHisexperimentshowsthatpeoplejustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.PartIservesasatransitionfromtheancientstoryofXiangYutothe_ofthestudentsatMIT.Throughconductinganexperimentonhumans_,Dr.Arielyfoundthatpeoplejustcouldntbeartoseetheiroptionsvanishthoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemtoletgo.Part II (Para.4)modernstoryirrationalbehaviorWhatsthesignificanceofdoingtheexperiments?(Para.5)TipsTipsTipsTipsTheexperimentenabledpeopletoseewhyitsalwayssohardforthemtosay“NO”toanyopportunitythatcametothem.Ineverydaylife,peoplejustgiveexcusestokeepoptionsopen.Whatsthewinningstrategywhenplayingthecomputergame?(Para.6)Studentsshouldquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththehighestcash.Theyshouldabsolutelyignorethevanishingdoors.TipsTipsTipsTipsHowdidstudentslossmoneybecauseoftheirirrationaleffortstokeepthevanishingdoorsopen?(Para.7)Inthegame,anydoorleftun-clickedforashortwhilewouldvanish.Insteadofignoringthevanishingdoors,thestudentsrushedtoclickonthembeforetheyvanished,sotheylostmoneyintheend.TipsTipsTipsTipsPartIIImainlyfocusesontheexperimentconductedbyDr.Ariely.Hefirstexplainsthe_oftheexperiment,andtheprocessofthestudents_.Thenhepointsouttherealcauseofthestudents_.Finallyheemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsareactuallyclosingslowlyandwedontseethefuture_.Part III (Paras.5-_)9purposeandsignificancelosingmoneyirrationalbehaviorvanishingawayInthetext,whatdoesDr.Arielysuggestinordertobalanceourlife?(Paras.10-12)TipsTipsTipsTipsPeopleshould:prohibitoverbooking,reduceoptions,delegatetaskstoothers,giveawayideastootherstopursue.Part IV(Paras.10-12)PartIVsuggestshowwecanbalanceourlivesbyreducing_.such as prohibition of overbooking,trying to lessen the load,remembering the lessons of _ like Xiang Yu,and keeping those activities _.unnecessaryoptionsdoorclosersenrichingourlivesWhatisthemessagetheauthorwantstosendoutfromthistext?(Paras.13-14)TipsTipsTipsTipsPeoplecanobtainpleasureandsatisfactionbyfocusingtheirenergyandattentioninamoreconcentratedfashion.Theywillhavemorewithfewerbutcarefullychosenoptions.Part V (Paras.13-14)PartIIIconcludestheessay,andmeanwhileitraisesthequestionif_.Weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsofopportunityandhappinesstoopen.moreisbetterthanless Door closer,are you?Whenfacedwith_options,XiangYuprovedtoawonderfuldecision-maker.Hetookhistroopsmakinga_intoenemyterritory.Tohistroops_,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned,whichgavehistroopsonlyone_:towinthebattle.Thebattleturnedouttobeagreatsuccessonhisside.To be continuedrival raid astonishment option This story indicates that while closing thedoorfordoingsomething,peoplemayopenthe_forachievingsomethingmoresignificant.Throughconductinganexperimentonhumans_behavior,Dr.Ariely,found that manystudents in his experiment just couldntbeartoseetheiroptions_thoughtheyknewitwouldbenefitthemto_.Hethenemphasizesthatinlifethedoorsare actually closing slowly and we dontseethefuturevanishingaway.To be continuedwindow irrational vanish let go Tosolvethisproblem,peoplecanbalancetheirlivesbyreducing_optionsontheirownandkeepingthoseactivitiesthatwillactuallyenrichtheirlives.Toconclude,weshouldclosecertaindoorsinordertoallowtherightwindowsof_toopen.opportunity and happiness unnecessary 1.Inyouropinion,whatisanirrationalbehavior?Givesomeexamples.Itisanactionoropinionbasedoninadequateuseofreasonandlogic:Onceapriceisestablishedintheirminds,theywillcompareothersimilaritemswiththispriceBuyproductstheydontneedjustbecausetheygetsomethingforfreeinthetransaction.Dosomethingjustbecausesomeotherpeoplearedoingthesamething.2.Whatdoyouthinkmaycausepeoplesirrationalbehavior?IgnorancePeoplecanbetotallyunawareofasituationbeforeformingtheirownviewsandjudgments.EmotionsPeopletakeoffenseorgetangrybeforethesituationactuallyoccurs.StressItcreatesfeelingofanger,irritationandfrustration.BlindbeliefsTheyaretooconsciousaboutsocietyanditsreactionstothem.Moreoptions,lessfocusedconcentration.Morechoices,worsequality.Everythinghastwosides.Toomuchgreedendsupwithnothing.3.HowdoyouunderstandtheEnglishsaying“Lessismore”?6UNITThe endDoor closer,are you?