2018仁爱英语九年级期末复习纲要.doc

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九年级上期末复习纲要---英语
考试时间：1月底
一、考试知识点梳理及典型例题：
考点一：现在完成时的概念应用
1.结构:
①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（done）+其他
注意：have/has在该结构中是助动词，无实际含义，相应的句型转换使用have/has来变化
②否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词的过去分词（done）+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+动词的过去分词（done）+其他?
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+动词的过去分词（done）+其他?
2.概念：
（1）现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果（多从上下文，语义上判断有无影响，一般无时间状语）。
（2）表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态。（常与表示从过去到现在的一段时间的状语，如for+时间段；since+过去时间点/一般过去时的句子；since+时间段+ago连用）
【注意】have/has gone to, have/has been to不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而have/has been to可以。
3.标志词：for+时间段；since+过去时间点/一般过去时的句子；since+时间段+ago；yet/already/ever/never/before;these days等
做题技巧：找标志词和通过定义判断与动词与现在有无关系，翻译要准确（注意延续非延续动词，非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，见考点三）
典型例题：
1. Wow! You ______dinner! Let’s eat now. （2017年河北省中考题）
A. cook B. are cooking
C. will cook D. have cooked
2. Our foreign teacher, Andy, _______English since 2001.（2017年邯郸一模）
A. has taught B. is teaching
C. will teach D. teaches
3. Li Hong has_______ the army for two years.（2016年保定一模）
A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in
考点二：：before, just, never, ever, already, yet常用于现在完成时，用法如下：
副词
just
ever
never
already
yet
before
含义
刚刚
在任何时候，从来
从不
已经
否定句“还”
疑问句“已经”
以前
常用句型
陈述句
疑问句
陈述句
疑问句
否定句
陈述句
疑问句
肯定陈述句
否定句
疑问句
多种句型
常见位置
谓语动词前
谓语动词前
谓语动词前
谓语动词前或者句尾
句尾
句尾

注意：still“仍，还”；still不用于现在完成时中。
典型例题：
( )1.This is the most beautiful park I have _____ visited.
A.ever B.still C.never D.been
( )2.—Have you found your lost book_____?
—No, I haven’t.
A. already B.yet C.still D.once
( )3.—Have you cleaned your room_____?
—Yes, I’ve_____cleaned it.
A. already, already B.yet, yet C.already, yet D.yet, already
( )4 —Have you heard from him_______?
—Yes, I have. I’ve_______ heard from him.（月考题）
A. yet; already B. already; yet
C. yet; just now D. still; ever
考点三：考查since和for用在现在完成时中的用法。
现在完成时用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要继续下去。常与
for或since引导的时间状语连用。这时必须使用延续性动词。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years.
We’ve lived here since 2001.
△注意：since和for的区别
由于since和for引导的时间都是持续性的一段时间。
Since后接过去的一个时间点，也可以接“一段时间+ago”，还可以接从句。而for后只接时间段。
注意：
1.表示短暂性的动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时。
例：I haven’t bought anything for two months.
2.表示短暂性的动词完成时态不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但是可以把短暂动词变成延续动词。
eg:come-----be leave-----be away from
buy------have die------be dead
begin---be on borrow---keep
close------be closed fall ill-----be ill
catch a cold----have a cold get to know---know
marry----be married join-----be a member of\be in
I have come to Beijing for half a year.(F) I have been in Beijing for half a year.(T)
He has left home for over two weeks(F) He has been away from home for over two weeks(T)
典型例题：
( )1.—When did the Greens come to China?
—They_____ China for seven years.
A.have come to B.have been to C.have come in D.have been in
( )2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes.
　 　 A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
( )3.—How long has he_____from home?
—For eight days.
A. left B.been away C.be away D.leave
( )4. Li Hong has_______ the army for two years.（2016年保定一模）
A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in
考点四：考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

现在完成时
一般过去时
结构
have/has+done(过去分词)
Was/were/ did
时间状语
常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, so far, recently,in recent years,in the past few years, since+时间点, for+时间段等表示一段时间的状语连用。
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
如：yesterday, last week,
two years ago, just now,
in 2002，in the past等；
注意
不用when引导的疑问句连用,可以与where,why引导的疑问句连用
对一段时间提问用“How long”
可以与when引导的疑问句
连用
典型例题：
( )1. —How long have you been in Beijing？
—_____
A. Five years ago. B.Since five years ago. C.For five years ago. D.Since five years.
( )2.—Have you seen my brother?
—Yes. I _____ him in the library five minutes ago.
A.met B.have met C.meet D.have been met
( )3.—_____ you _____ your homework yet?
—Yes, I _____ it ten minutes ago.
A.Did, do, finished B.Have, done, have finished
C.Have, done, finished D.Will, do, finish
( ) 4. Wow! You ______dinner! Let’s eat now. （2017年河北省中考题）
A. cook B. are cooking
C. will cook D. have cooked
( ) 5.Paula is pleased that she _______ her lost watch.（2015年河北省中考题）
A. finds B. found
C. has found D. will find
( ) 6.Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher, ______many flowers and letters these days.（2012河北中考）
A. received B. will receive
C. was receiving D. has received
考点五：so引导的完全倒装句(Unit 1 Topic 2)
结构：so + be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语 表示“……也是一样”，意为“A如此，B也如此。”　
　　He is an honest boy, and so am I. 他是一个诚实的男孩，我也是。
He saw the kites, and so did I. 他看见那些风筝了，我也看到了。
He has been to Beijing. So have I. 他去过北京，我也去过。（现在完成时，其助动词是have/has）
注意：此句型只用于肯定句。否定句要用“neither/nor+ be/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语”。如：
—He cant’t speak Russian. 他不会讲俄语。
—Neither / Nor can I. 我也不会讲俄语。
辨析：so＋主语＋be/ 助动词/ 情态动词
此句型不是倒装句，只是单纯地重复前面一句的意思，表示“的确如此、就是这样”。
典型例题：
( )1.—Have your parents been to Russia?
—Yes. So _____ I.
A. do B.have been C.did D.have
( )2.—I have never visited a paper factory.
—_____
A.So have I. B.So I have. C.Neither have I. D.I haven’t now.
( )3.—David has made great progress recently.
—_____, and _____.
A.So he has, so you have B.So he has, so have you
C.So has he, so have you D.So has he, so you have
考点六：考查分数的表达法，其结构是分子为基数词，分母为序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s。
分数+of+名词 可数名词复数 谓语动词用复数
不可数名词 谓语动词用单数
典型例题：
( )1.There are sixty teachers in our school._____ of them are women.
A. Two third B.Two threes C.Two thirds D.Second three
( )2.In our class _____ of the students _____ girls.
A.third fifths, is B.third fifth, are C.three fifth, is D.three fifths, are
( )3. of land water.
A.Two third, is B.Two thirds , are C.Two thirds , is D.Two thirds, was
考点七：反意疑问句：结构：陈述句+简短问句？
前肯定，后否定
前否定，后肯定
考查反意疑问句中简短问句部分的时态和人称的单复数要与陈述句部分一致。
典型例题：
练： 1.The students have cleaned the classroom,_____?
　　 A. so they   B. don't they   C. have they   D. haven't they
2.He’s read this book before,________?
A. hasn’t he  B. doesn’t he C. isn’t he   D. wasn’t he
考点八：不定代词和副词
不定代词：不指明替代任何特定名词或形容词的代词。大多数不定代词在句中可以做主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

可数
不可数
许多
many
much
a lot of,lots of,plenty of
一些
some,any
a few
a little
几乎没有
few
little

每个
任何一个
全都
都不
另一个
指两者
each
either
both
neither
(the)other
两者以上
each/every
any
all
None/no
another

some-
any-
no-
every-
人
someone
anyone
no one/none
everyone
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody
物
something
anything
nothing
everything

典型例题：
( )1.As we know, _____of us likes pollution.
A. no one B.none C.someone D.nothing
( )2.—Mike, where’s today’s newspaper?
—Well, you don’t need to read it because there is _____in it.
A.something interesting B.nothing special
C.important thing D.anything new
( )3. _____is watching TV. Let’s turn if off.
A. Somebody B.Anybody C.Everybody D.Nobody
( )4.You don’ t have a drink. Can I get you_____?（2013年河北中考）
A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
( )5.There is______ wrong with my bike. Can you lend me yours?（2016唐山一模）
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
( )6.We have two computers at home, but _____works well.（2016年唐山一模）
A. none B. either
C. neither D. both
( )7.I asked two students the way to the post office, but_____of them knew.（2016年保定一模）
A. both B. either C. none D. neither
考点八：连词
1. and表示并列或顺承关系
or 表示选择关系,或者表示“否则”
while 表示对比，对照
词语
新增用法
备注
and
and, or连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句，后半部分是一般将来时的陈述句时，前半部分相当于由if引导的条件状语从句；
and可以不翻译；
or常译成“否则”
or
while
连接两个并列句，两个句子构成对比；
结构相似；
内容对比；
but
连接两个表示转折的并列句；注意与while(表对比)的区别；

典型例题：
1.It’s going to rain. You’d better take an umbrella _____ you may get wet.【长沙】
A. or B. and C. but
2.Eric arrived on time, ______ it was the rush hour. 【河北】
A. although B. because C. while D. unless
3.Diana isn’t here, ______ leave a message on her desk. 【河北】
A. or B. so C. and D. but
4.Don’t run in the classroom, ______ you may hurt yourself.【陕西】
A. and B. or C. but D. so
5.I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy.【北京】
A. or B. and C. so D. but
6. He likes football _____ I like baseball.  
A. although B. because C. while D. unless
7.—I am really sorry, ______I can’t go swimming with you this Sunday.
—It’s OK, we can go together next time.
A. so B. and C.or D.but
8. Victoria, hurry up! _______ we can’t arrive
there on time.（2016河北中考）
A. Or B. So C. But D. And

9.Hurry up, _______ we will miss the train.（2016唐山一模）
A. but B. and C. or D. so
2.

都
任何
都不
两者
both
either
neither
三者或以上
all
any
none

①both...and...意为“两者都；既···又···”（连接主语时谓语用复数）
e.g. Both Kangkang and Susanna are in that school.(连接主语）
e.g. I can both speak and write English. （连接谓语）
e.g.I can speak both English and French. (连接宾语）
注意：both...and...的否定用neither...nor
e.g. He can speak neither English nor French.
② neither...nor意为“两者都不；既不···也不···”。（两者都不）
e.g. Neither he nor I am from China. (连接主语，谓语动词与邻近的主语单复数保持一致）
e.g. I neither like playing computer games nor like watching TV. (连接谓语）
③either...or... 意为“或···或···；是···还是···；不是···就是···”（两者之一）
e.g. Either you or he goes to school by bike. (连接主语，谓语动词与邻近的主语单复数保持一致）
e.g. You can either go to school or stay at home.(连接谓语）
④ not only...but also...意为“不但···而且···”
e.g. Not only you but also he speak Japanese in our class. (连接主语，谓语动词与邻近的主语单复数保持一致）
e.g. Tom not only speaks English but also speaks Japanese at school.(连接谓语）
典型例题：
1. Not only my friends but also I _______ interested in football and Messi is our favourite star.
A, be B, am C, is D,are
2. ---Tim, how do your parents like pop music?
---_____ my dad______my mom likes it. They both prefer classical music.
A. Either...or... B. Neither...nor C. Not only...but also D. Both...and
3. ---Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai?
---I may live_______ in a hotel______in a friend’s house.
A. both;and B, either;or C,neither;nor D,not only;but also
4. We have two computers at home, but _____works well.（2016年唐山一模）
A. none B. either
C. neither D. both
5.I asked two students the way to the post office, but_____of them knew.（2016年保定一模）
A. both B. either C. none D. neither

考点九：被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态
构成：动作承受者+am/is/are+动词过去分词+by+动作执行者。
English is spoken by many people.很多人都说英语。
History is made by the people.历史是人民创造的。
English is spoken as the main language in American.
Spanish is spoken as the official language in Cuba.
△被动语态的句型总结如下：
①肯定句: 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by ~~).
The boy is called Jack.
②否定句: 主语 + be not+ 过去分词 + (by ~~).
The baby is not looked after by his father.
③一般疑问句: Be +主语 + 过去分词 + (by ~~)?
Is King Lear written by Shakespeare?
④特殊疑问句: 特殊疑词+ be + 过去分词 + (by ~~)?
What is this kind of sweater made of?
典型例题：
English is widely used around the world.
English is not widely used around the world.（改为否定句）
—Is English widely used around the world?（改为一般疑问句）
—Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.（回答）
Why is English used widely?
一般过去时的被动语态
was/were +过去分词
典型例题：
1. Hangzhou ________ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there. （2017年河北中考
A. knows     B. is known   C. was known    D. will be known
2. Emily is glad that she________ for her honesty at that meeting.（2016年河北中考）
A. praises B. praised C. is praised D. was praised
3.Everybody ______deeply after they heard the story. （2015河北中考）
A. moves B. moved C. is moved D. was moved
4.To my surprise, the famous athlete’s story________ differently in the newspaper.
A, was reported B, reported C, was reporting D, reports
5.---Mr.King_______ by the reporters yesterday.
---He’s great! He helped so many disabled people.
A, was interviewed B, is interviewed C, is interviewing
6.When Tim_______ why he was late for school, he just kept silent.
A, was asked B, asked C, was asking D, is asked
7. The pet dog is warm and loving. It ______as a daughter of my family.（2014河北中考）
A. treats B. treated C. is treated D. was treated
8. Annie ______to the party. She had a wonderful time with me.（2013年河北中考）
A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited
一般将来时的被动语态
基本结构：will+be+过去分词
典型例题：
1. If it isn’t fine this weekend, our spring field trip________.
A, is cancelled B, was cancelled C, will be cancelled
2. A new hospital _______ in my town next year.
A, builds B, built C, is built D, will be built
3. More money _______when we use both sides of paper.（2012河北中考）
A. will save B. was saved
C. has saved D. will be saved
考点十：用现在进行时表示将来
“am/is/are+doing”是现在进行时的结构，通常表示“现在”这是时间里“正在”发生的动作。但是表示暂时性动作的动词，通常情况下，用现在进行时表示将来。常用此方式表达将来的动词有come, go, arrive, leave, start, fly（乘飞机）, die等。这类词往往不用be going to/will的结构
典型例题：
1.—There is going to be an important meeting in Beijing next week. （模拟题）
—That’s right. And my boss ______for Beijing to attend it.
A. left B. was leaving C. is leaving D. leaves.
2.—Excuse me, where are you going tomorrow?（月考题）
—I_______Shanghai.
A.am leaving for B. am going to leave C. am leaving D. leave for
注意：leave, leave for的区别
3.---My car______. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?
---I’m sorry I can’t. I’m ________ London tomorrow morning.
A, is new; leaving B, has broken down; leaving for
C, broke; leaving for D, is expensive; leaving
4.---My father and I _______ Shanghai tomorrow.
---Have a good trip!
A, are leaving for B, am leaving for C, are leaving to D, are leaving
考点十一：疑问词+不定式结构
重难点：注意区分what to do 和how to do it的不同，该结构是一个省略了主语的简略结构，但是必须有谓语动词，如果谓语是及物动词，则必须接宾语；这就是为什么what to do（do的宾语为（what）正确，而how to do后面必须加it才正确；
典型例题：
（1）—Do you know_______?（月考题）
—At 8:00 a.m.
A. who to talk with B. when to have a meeting
C. what to do next D. where to go swimming

（2）These two watches are both nice. I can’t decide _______.
A. to buy which one B. which one to buy
C. how to buy D. what to buy

考点十二：定语从句
定义：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。
引导定语从句的是关系代词that, which, w