呼吸系统X线诊断英文.ppt

呼吸系统X线诊断英文Section 1 The lungs1.The thoracic cage 胸廓The thoracic cage is in symmetry（对称）or not.The ribs and the other bones seen,appear to be normal,or in destruction（骨质破坏）,or malformation（畸形）,and deformation（变形）.The intercostal spaces（肋间隙）are symmetrical or not,broadened,or narrowed.Soft tissues seem normal or abnormal.2.The lungs(1)Location:If lesions are limited by boundaries of a lobe（肺叶）or a segment（肺段）,the location of the lesion is defined and described directly with the specific lobe or segment.If the lesion has a massive range and vague margin,it can be described according to the upper,middle or lower regions from top to bottom,and inner,middle or outer zones from inside to outside of the lung fields.Lung fields（肺野）and pulmonary zones（肺带）upper lung fieldmiddle lung fieldlower lung fieldInner pulmonary zonemiddle pulmonary zoneouter pulmonary zoneLung lobes（肺叶）and segments（肺段)superior lobe of left lung （左肺上叶）inferior lobe of left lung （左肺下叶）superior lobe of right lung （右肺上叶）middle lobe of right lung （右肺中叶）inferior lobe of right lung （右肺下叶）Lung lobes（肺叶）and segments（肺段)posterior 背anteromedial basal 前内lateral basal 外侧基底posterior basal 后基底 segment of superior lobe of left lung segment of inferior lobe of left lungapicoposterior 尖后anterior 前superior lingular 上舌inferior lingular 下舌posterior 背anterior basal 前基底medial basal 内侧基底lateral basal 外侧基底posterior basal 后基底 segment of superior lobe of right lung segment of middle lobe of right lung segment of inferior lobe of right lungapical 尖posterior 后anterior 前lateral 外侧medial 内侧Sizes of opacities can be described according to the number of intercostal spaces,lobes and segmengts and/or direct measurements.If a lesion is round,the diameter can indicate its size.(2)Sizes of opacities:(3)Shapes of shadows:miliary shape 粟粒状Spots or patches 斑点状或斑片状Single small nodule 单发小结节状Multiple nodules 多发结节状Mass 团块状Fog-like shadow 云雾状阴影Consolidation 实变Calcification 钙化Flocculent opacities 絮状阴影Stripe-like opacities 索条状影Cavity shadows 空洞影Honeycomb shadows 蜂窝状影Reticular shadows 网状阴影The margins of lesions can be manifested as fuzzy（模糊）,clear（清晰）,sharp（锐利）,smooth（光整）,irregular,radiating（放射状）,spiculation（毛刺状）,and etc.(5)Relationship between lessions and the surrounding tissues:Pulmonary atelectasis（肺不张）pulls adjacent mediastinum to the affected side.Lung cancer can infiltrate（侵犯）thoracic vertebrae（胸椎）and adjacent ribs.(4)Margins:3.The pulmonary hilum（肺门）：Hilar enlargement,decrease,nodules,mass,calcification,reationship with mediastinum,alteration of density,anddisplacement.4.The mediastinum（纵隔）:Observation should include location of the trachea（气管）,width of the mediastinum;location,size,shape,displacementof the heart and great vessels.5.The diaphragm（膈肌）:Assessment should involve shape of surface,and sharpness of the costophrenic angles（肋膈角）.Cases in the lungsCase 1.正常胸片正常胸片The thoracic cage remains symmetrical.All the seen bones are nothing remarkable.The trachea locates centrally without deviation.The lungs are clear,while the lung markings are natural and regular.Both pulmonary hila show neither enlargement nor decrease.The heart and great vessels appear normal in their position,size and shape.The diaphragm has a smooth surface with sharp costophrenic angles.Diagnosis:Normal in the lungs,heart,and diaphragm.Case 2.患儿患儿2y2y，咳嗽，咳嗽1 1周周The thoracic cage remains symmetrical.All the seen bones are nothing remarkable.The trachea locates centrally without deviation.The lungs markings become thickened in the inner and middle zones of bilateral middle and lower lung fields.Some scattered patch-like infiltrations mix with the thickened lung markings.Their margins appear vague.Both pulmonary hila show blurred,but not in evident enlargemen.There is nothing remarkable in the heart and great vessels.The diaphragm has a smooth surface with sharp costophrenic angles.Diagnosis:Bronchopneumonia.（支气管肺炎）Case 3.男，男，18y18y，咳嗽，咳嗽1 1周、发热周、发热2 2天天The thoracic cage remains symmetrical.All the seen bones are nothing remarkable.The trachea locates centrally without deviation.There is a large patchy homogeneous opacity in the right middle lobe with a slightly fuzzy margin.It covers the right pulmonary hilum.The rest of the lungs remain clear.The left pulmonary hilum has no enlargement.No suspected signs are found in the heart and great vessels.The diaphragm has a smooth surface with sharp costophrenic angles.Diagnosis:Pneumonia（肺炎）in the right middle lobe.Re-examination is suggested after treatment.Case 4.高热、咳嗽、脓痰高热、咳嗽、脓痰1010天天 There is a large round-like opacity in the posterior segment of the left lower lung with a fuzzy margin,in the size of 2.0cm3.0cm.A cavity can be found with an air-fluid level（气液平面）in the shadow,which involves the left pulmonary hilum and adjacent lung.Nothing is special in the heart,diaphragm and right lung.Diagnosis:A pulmonary abscess in the posterior segment of the left lower lung.Case 5.腮腺腺样囊性癌术后腮腺腺样囊性癌术后3 3年，复发年，复发2 2月月The thoracic cage remains symmetrical.All the seen bones are nothing remarkable.Multiple nodules with clear margins are dis-played diffusely in both lungs in different sizes.Both pulmonary hila show neither enlargement nor decrease.The heart and great vessels appear normal in their position,size and shape.The diaphragm has a smooth surface with sharp costophrenic angles.Diagnosis:Based on the history of adenoid cystic carcinoma,multiple pulmonary metastases are considered in bilateral lungs.医学资料仅供参考,用药方面谨遵医嘱