2009年12月大学英语四级考试全真模拟试题.ppt

2009年年12月大学英月大学英语四四级考考试全真模全真模拟试题Contents1大学英语四级翻译简介大学英语四级翻译简介2翻译题的特点翻译题的特点3翻译的题型分析翻译的题型分析4常见问题和应对策略常见问题和应对策略5翻译标准、方法和步骤翻译标准、方法和步骤6真题分析真题分析1大学英语四级翻译简介大学英语四级翻译简介n现行四级考试的翻译试题采取汉译英的形式，为句子片段翻译，答题时间为5分钟。试题给出5个不完整的句子，每一句为一题，要求考生根据括号内的中文表达进行相应的翻译，将所缺部分补充完整。n主要题型为短句翻译和短语翻译，属于综合测试题，主要考察考生两方面的知识和能力：n一是对重点语法规则的掌握和应用能力；n二是对重要固定搭配的认知和实际掌握运用的熟练程度。2翻译题的特点翻译题的特点n四级考试的翻译部分具有以下三个特点：n1）翻译部分的难易程度相当于大英四级教材中的汉译英练习；n2）测试内容一般为英语短句的翻译，不涉及专业理论知识的新闻翻译、文学翻译、也不涉及专业理论知识的高科技翻译；n3）此部分名为翻译，实为完成句子，每句涉及15个左右的单词，但填入部分只涉及3-8个。3翻译的题型分析翻译的题型分析n从从2006年年6月月24日到日到2010年年12月，共有十次新四级考试。在新月，共有十次新四级考试。在新四级翻译考试中，很多核心考点反复重考。下面以历年真题为例，四级翻译考试中，很多核心考点反复重考。下面以历年真题为例，详细讲解四级翻译四大考点。详细讲解四级翻译四大考点。n考点一：四级核心词组考点一：四级核心词组 n考点二：倒装结构考点二：倒装结构n考点三：被动语态考点三：被动语态n考点四：虚拟语气考点四：虚拟语气n考点五：定语从句考点五：定语从句n考点六：状语从句考点六：状语从句n考点七：名词性从句考点七：名词性从句n考点八：分词做状语考点八：分词做状语4常见问题和应对策略常见问题和应对策略n1）常见问题）常见问题n理解和表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。理解和表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构；表理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构；表达关键在于用符合英语语言习惯的词语达关键在于用符合英语语言习惯的词语来表达。来表达。n2）应对策略）应对策略n考生要加强基础句法和词汇的学习，重考生要加强基础句法和词汇的学习，重视精读课后的汉译英练习，做到持之以视精读课后的汉译英练习，做到持之以恒。恒。5翻译标准、方法和步骤翻译标准、方法和步骤n1）翻译标准：准确、通顺、完整。）翻译标准：准确、通顺、完整。n2）方法：以直译为主，适当意译。）方法：以直译为主，适当意译。n3）步骤：）步骤：nA 首先通读并准确理解全句，判断句子是简单句还是首先通读并准确理解全句，判断句子是简单句还是复合句，弄清句子的主干和修饰成分，划分意群。复合句，弄清句子的主干和修饰成分，划分意群。nB 然后根据括号内的中文提示选择适当的词汇和表达然后根据括号内的中文提示选择适当的词汇和表达手段，特别要注意用英语的逻辑思维方式来安排句子手段，特别要注意用英语的逻辑思维方式来安排句子的语序，一定要结合整个句子进行翻译。的语序，一定要结合整个句子进行翻译。nC 最后进行审核，以便检查出译文部分在理解和表达最后进行审核，以便检查出译文部分在理解和表达上是否有问题、错误和误译，并作出及时的改正适当上是否有问题、错误和误译，并作出及时的改正适当调整。调整。6真题分析真题分析n考点一：四级核心词组考点一：四级核心词组 n考点二：倒装结构考点二：倒装结构n考点三：被动语态考点三：被动语态n考点四：虚拟语气考点四：虚拟语气n考点五：定语从句考点五：定语从句n考点六：状语从句考点六：状语从句n考点七：名词性从句考点七：名词性从句n考点八：分词做状语考点八：分词做状语考点一：四级核心词组考点一：四级核心词组n例例1:have difficulty/trouble(in)doing something（做某事有困难）（做某事有困难）已经考过三次，需要注意的是，已经考过三次，需要注意的是，in可以省略，后面要使用动词的动名词可以省略，后面要使用动词的动名词形式。形式。n1）2006年6月87题：Having spent some time in the city,he had no trouble(in)finding the way to the Museum of History（找到去历史博物馆的路）.n2）2009年6月87题：Soon after he transferred to the new school,Ali found that he had difficulty in catching up with his classmates（很难跟上班里的同学）in math and English.n3）2010年6月87题：Because of noise outside,Nancy had great difficulty(in)focusing/concentrating on her experiment(集中注意力在实验上).nn例例2:习惯表达：习惯表达：n It is asserted that 有人主张 nIt is believed that 有人认为nIt is generally considered that 大家(一般人)认为nIt is well known that 大家知道(众所周知)nIt will be said 有人会说nIt was told that 有人曾经说nIt is hoped that 希望 n It is reported that 据报道nIt is said that 据说 n It is supposed that 据推测nIt must be admitted that 必须承认nIt must be pointed out that 必须指出nIt will be seen from this that 由此可见nIt may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸张地说n考点二：倒装结构考点二：倒装结构n考过三次，需要注意的前半句与后半句时态应前后呼应。考过三次，需要注意的前半句与后半句时态应前后呼应。n1）大纲样题88题：Not only did he charge me too much/overcharge me（他向我收费过高）,but he didnt do a good repair job either.n2）2006年6月考题：The more you explain,the more confused I am(我愈糊涂).n 3）2008年6月91题：Not until he had accomplished his mission（直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.n4）2010年6月88题：The manager never laughed;neither did she lose her temper（她也从来没有发过脾气）.考点三：被动语态考点三：被动语态n考过六次考过六次n1）2006年6月91题：Though a skilled worker,he was fired by the company（他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis.n2）2007年12月91题：Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量）,not how much they can earn.n3）2008年6月87题：Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of new technology（能应用于新技术的开发）n4）2008年12月91题：The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor（直到一名医生偶然发现了他）.n5）2009年6月91题：The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of exercise（与缺乏锻炼密切相关）.n6）2010年6月89题：We look forward to being invited to attend the opening ceremony（被邀请出席开幕式）.考点四：虚拟语气考点四：虚拟语气n考过五次。最常考的考点有两个：n 一是require或suggest等动词+that引导的建议句型，后面应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略；n 二是从句使用if引导的过去完成时，主句使用would+现在完成时。n1）2006年6月89题：The professor required that we hand in our research report(s)（我们交研究报告）by Wednesday.n2）2006年12月89题：The victim would have had a chance to survive/of survival（本来有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time.n3）2009年6月88题：If he had returned an hour earlier,Mary wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain（就不会被大雨淋了）.n4）2009年12月87题：You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions（按照我的指令去做）.n5）2010年6月90题：It is suggested that the air conditioner(should)be fixed/installed beside the window（要安装在窗户旁边）.考点五：定语从句考点五：定语从句n1.that或which引导的定语从句n2008年12月考题：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems which/that they havent found answers to(他们至今还没有答案).n2.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句n2007年6月考题：The prevention and treatment of AIDS is a field where(in which)we can cooperate(我们可以合作的领域).考点六：状语从句考点六：状语从句n1.目的状语(常用连词so that,in order that,lest,in case,for the purpose)n2008年12月考题：Youd better take a sweater with you in case it turns/should turn cold/lest it should turn cold(以防天气变冷).n2006年6月考题：In order to support my University studies(to finance my education)(为了挣钱供我上学),mother often takes on more work than is good for her.n2.让步状语(常用引导词though,although,as,even if,even though,whether,whatever)n2008年6月考题：Leaving ones job,no matter what job it is/whatever job it is,(无论是什么工作)，is a difficult change,even for those who look forward to retiring.n2006年6月考题：Though a skilled worker,he was fired by the company（他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis.n2007年12月考题：I am going to pursue this course,no matter what sacrifices I will make(无论我要做什么样的牺牲).n3.时间状语(常用引导词when,while,as soon as,until,after,特别注意notuntil的正常结构、强调结构，以及until置于句首的用法)n2008年12月考题：The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor（直到一名医生偶然发现了他）.n2006年12月考题：Some psychologists claim that people may feel lonely when theyre away from home(出门在外时可能会感到孤独).n4.条件状语（常用引导词as long as,unless,provided that）n2007年6月考题：Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if its convenient for you(如果你方便的话)考点七：名词性从句考点七：名词性从句n(连词连词that,wh-疑问词，疑问词，what，whatever等关系代词等关系代词)n1.主语从句 n2008年12月考题：What most parents are care about/are concerned about/The concern of most parents(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.n2.宾语从句n2007年12月考题：Many Americans live on credit,and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量）,not how much they can earn.n3.表语从句n2007年12月考题：In my sixties,one change I notice is that I am more likely to get tired than before(我比以前更容易累了).考点八：分词做状语考点八：分词做状语n2006年6月考题：Having spent some time in the city,he had no trouble finding the way to the History Museum(找到去博物馆的路).n2008年6月考题：Compared with the place where I was brought up(与我生长的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting.Unit 1n1.always concerned about the poor and the sickn2.advocate a reduction in/advocate reducingn3.has extended its influence n4.want to read digest of books by great authorsn5.for fear that he should be recognizedUnit 2n1.play indispensable rolesn2.was depressed about his failure in his examn3.they have acute plain about us to the policen5.deserve a good restUnit 3n1.departing for New Yorkn2.has been acknowledged as/to ben3.are competing with foreign countriesn4.make a pledge to struggle for the freedom of the countryn5.confronting/facing the new republic Unit 4n1.to accord with their theoryn2.they have ever undertaken n3.I feel really embarrassed about itn4.settle downn5.fulfilled/realized her amibitionUnit 5n1.actually derive from the Biblen2.ask for a receiptn3.found the treasure by accidentn4.is likely to acceleraten5.is in contradiction toUnit 6n1.was so particular about everythingn2.on behalf of his partyn3.for more/higher wages/for a wage rise n4.blocked the trafficn5.announced his resignation to staff member/announced to staff members that he would resign Unit 7n1.treat friends to dinners and moviesn2.But for their help,n3.keeping up with the rest of the classn4.(should)inform us immediately n5.people will objectUnit 8n1.was responsible for the death of the little girln2.on the contrary,it is very expensive.n3.miss the splendid opportunity.n4.denies having started the fire behind the store.n5.curious by nature.Unit 9n1.contribute to heart diseasen2.in a word,I cant speak too highly of him.n3.was cut off by the floodn4.My gross annual incomen5.are located in the city centerUnit 10n1.Ill see ton2.get over our present difficultiesn3.affected by the problem of weightlessness.n4.are now out of stockn5.misled me into thinkingUnit 11n1.are printed in bold typen2.to furnish our new housen3.are exposed to sunshinen4.pick up a lot of bad habitsn5.was reluctant to admit/reluctantly admittedUnit 12n1.Everyone should be entitled ton2.put up signsn3.She was so absorbed in her job/workn4.took effective measuresn5.are pouring intoUnit 13n1.are usually the first to be laid offn2.calling on an important customern3.ranked secondn4.calls for good choice of wordsn5.resort to violenceUnit 14n1.public health mattern2.rose/increased by 20 percent.n3.but if/as long as you hang on/insist onn4.may be sad in privaten5.may be spoiledUnit 15n1.bring about revolutionn2.insisted on/struck ton3.at regular intervalsn4.at monthly intervalsn5.Many new opportunitiesUnit 16n1.when it comes to Mathsn2.charging too much for the treatmentn3.regardless of the color of his skinn4.working to their full capacityn5.in favor of the proposal教学资料整理仅供参考，