水轮机专业课程设计.docx

目 录一、水轮机选型及参数计算1.已知参数12.水轮机型号选择13.水轮机基础参数计算1二、水轮机运转特征曲线绘制1.等效率曲线绘制32.等吸出高度线绘制43.出力限制线绘制5三、蜗壳设计1.蜗壳型式及基础参数选择62.进口断面计算63.圆断面计算74.椭圆形断面计算8四、尾水管设计1.尾水管形式选择9 2.尾水管高度确实定93.尾水管各部分尺寸计算9 蜗壳平面图10 蜗壳单线图11 尾水管图12一、水轮机选型及参数计算1.已知参数装机容量580.00MW；装机台数4台；单机容量145MW； =84.5m； =68.00m； =73.00m； =71.2m水轮机安装高程580.00m2.水轮机型号选择=-20=-20=214.08（mkw）能够选择HL220型水轮机3.水轮机基础参数计算（1）计算转轮直径。水轮机额定出力： KW取最优单位转速71.0r/min和出力限制线交点单位流量为设计工况点单位流量，则（），对应模型效率暂取效率修正值，则设计工况原型水轮机效率，水轮机转轮直径为取标准值=5m该方案水头高于40m,故应使用金属蜗壳，则使用水轮机型号为HL220-LJ-500（2）效率 计算（3）转速n计算转速计算值介于发电机同时转速115.4至125（r/min）之间，但和115.4更靠近，故取水轮机转速n为115.4r/min（4）水轮机设计流量计算（5）几何吸出高度计算。在设计工况下，模型水轮机空化系数为，取。则取吸出高度。（5）水轮机工作范围检验 =1.05 (m/s)最大、最小水头所对应单位转速平均水头对应单位转速 在HL220型水轮机模型综合特征曲线图上，分别绘出，和为常数直线，依据图可得，效率在高效率区周围。所以该方案可行。二、水轮机运转特征曲线绘制1.等效率曲线绘制原型水轮机效率水轮机出力由附表9（12页）查出并计算出P得到下表H=68m n=69.97r/minH=71.2m n=68.38r/minH=73m n=67.53r/minH=84.5m n=62.77r/min PPPP0.820.8440.6373123.20.6479588.250.6583916.60.68109331.20.840.8640.6779608.740.6886566.370.6991191.610.7311.50.860.8840.7388745.70.7395082.740.7398711.370.78131352.90.880.9040.7896969.510.77102561.80.77106475.90.84144657.30.90.9240.86109280.50.85115722.40.8518.70.951672200.90.9241.11141048.11.1149758.41.09154060.20.951672200.880.9041.17145454.31.17155840.71.16160405.21.13194598.50.860.8841.22148314.71.22158905.41.22164969.71.17197029.30.840.8641.261497121.26160402.41.26166523.81.25205738.90.820.8441.3150889.11.31162907.21.31169124.21.29207407.72.等吸出高度线绘制由附表9（12页）查出相关数据。依据各工况点Hs 、P，绘出各水头下Hs=f（P）曲线。PH=84.5n=62.770.10.890.9140.8610.14149740.6-0.780.110.90.9240.9710.985170741.3-1.6250.120.880.9091.0311.83177378.4-2.470.130.8850.9091.112.675190481-3.3150.140.8720.8961.1513.52196291.2-4.16H=73n=67.530.10.8940.9180.848.76117954.40.60.110.920.9440.969.49138623-0.130.120.920.9441.0410.22150174.9-0.860.130.8910.9151.1310.95158158.2-1.590.140.8720.8961.1811.68161726.8-2.32H=68n=69.970.10.8910.9150.838.16104441.11.20.110.920.9440.958.84123329.70.520.120.920.9441.049.52135013.6-0.160.130.8950.9191.1310.2142812.5-0.840.140.8730.8971.1910.88146795.1-1.52 3.出力限制线绘制求出和和相对应水轮机出力、，将点（，）、点（、）连成一条斜线，此线即为水轮机出力限制线。QPH=730.9091.1616.13H=680.9141.14714.5三、蜗壳设计1.蜗壳型式及基础参数选择本电站水头在40m以上，故选择金属蜗壳，包角选为345。取，查表得蜗壳流速系数K=0.87取，计算得到，得，取0.2，计算得h=0.83m2.进口断面计算进口断面流量 （/s）进口断面流速 （m/s）进口断面面积 （）进口断面半径 （m）查表得D=7.75，K=0.15 （m）进口断面中心距 （m）进口断面外径 （m）蜗壳系数蜗壳常数3.圆断面计算rb13450.724.035.7930.692.2592532.9788.8693.097.0110.123300.694.035.5410.692.2028052.898.3543.016.929.92733150.664.035.2890.692.1448722.8017.8462.926.839.75343000.634.035.0380.692.085332.717.3462.836.749.57552850.594.034.7860.692.0240372.6186.8532.756.659.39462700.564.034.5340.691.9608292.5236.3672.666.559.2172550.534.034.2820.691.8955142.4275.8892.566.469.02282400.54.034.030.691.8278682.3285.4192.476.368.82992250.474.033.7780.691.7576192.2264.9572.386.268.632102100.444.033.5260.691.6844442.1224.5032.286.158.43111950.414.033.2740.691.6079412.0144.0572.186.048.223121800.384.033.0230.691.5276131.9033.622.085.938.008131650.344.032.7710.691.4428181.7873.1921.975.827.787141500.314.032.5190.691.3527191.6652.7731.865.77.556151350.284.032.2670.691.2561751.5372.3641.755.577.315161200.254.032.0150.691.1515641.4021.9641.635.437.06171050.224.031.7630.691.0364481.2551.5761.55.296.7918900.194.031.5110.690.9068351.0941.1981.375.126.4984.椭圆形断面计算当计算圆形断面半径 时，蜗壳圆形断面不能和座环蝶形边相切，须由圆断面过渡到椭面断面。圆断面计算中，当= 90时， ，即 = 90时，蜗壳形状已经是椭圆形，即应按椭圆断面计算。椭圆短半径：和圆相同面积：椭圆断面长半径, 椭圆断面中心距椭圆断面外径 计算结果以下表1900.18751.3535.96351.401471.294914.90486.30632750.15631.2164.85581.333221.06744.62725.96053600.1251.0683.7981.261460.82824.33545.59694450.09380.9072.79441.185240.574144.02555.21075300.06250.7221.85141.103130.300423.69154.79466150.03130.4950.98011.01284-0.00053.32434.3372蜗壳图绘制于10、11页四、尾水管设计1.尾水管形式选择大中型反击式水轮机组如采取直锥型尾水管，会带来大量挖深，考虑综合考虑经济性等原因，故本方案采取弯肘形尾水管。2.尾水管高度确实定依据 3. 尾水管各部分尺寸计算查水电站机电设计手册表2-17得2.64.52.721.351.350.6751.821.22肘管类型：标准混凝土肘管适用范围：混流式锥管段尺寸计算取 肘管计算出口扩散段b =（0.1 0.15） 取b = 0.12 B5 = 1.63 mR=（3 6）b 取R = 5b = 8.16 mr =（0.2 0.3）b 取r = 0.25b = 0.41 m 取 l = 2.0D1 = 10.0 m尾水管图绘制于12页