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Packet-Tracer-5.2实验(十四)-网络地址转换NAT配置.doc

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Packet Tracer 5.2实验(十四) 网络地址转换NAT配置 ———————————————————————————————— 作者: ———————————————————————————————— 日期: 13 个人收集整理 勿做商业用途 Packet Tracer 5。2实验(十四) 网络地址转换NAT配置 一、实验目标 · 理解NAT网络地址转换的原理及功能; · 掌握静态NAT的配置,实现局域网访问互联网; 二、实验背景 公司欲发布WWW服务,现要求将内网Web服务器IP地址映射为全局IP地址,实现外部网络可访问公司内部Web服务器。 三、技术原理 · 网络地址转换NAT(Network Address Translation),被广泛应用于各种类型Internet接入方式和各种类型的网络中。原因很简单,NAT不仅完美解决了IP地址不足的问题,而且还能够有效地避免来自网络外部的攻击,隐藏并保护网络内部的计算机。 · 默认情况下,内部IP地址是无法被路由到外网的,内部主机10.1。1。1要与外部internet通信,IP包到达NAT路由器时,IP包头的源地址10。1。1.1被替换成一个合法的外网IP,并在NAT转换表中保存这条记录。当外部主机发送一个应答到内网时,NAT路由器收到后,查看当前NAT转换表,用10。1.1。1替换掉这个外网地址。 · NAT将网络划分为内部网络和外部网络两部分,局域网主机利用NAT访问网络时,是将局域网内部的本地地址转换为全局地址(互联网合法的IP地址)后转发数据包。 · NAT分为两种类型:NAT(网络地址转换)和NAPT(网络端口地址转换IP地址对应一个全局地址)。 · 静态NAT:实现内部地址与外部地址一对一的映射。现实中,一般都用于服务器; · 动态NAT:定义一个地址池,自动映射,也是一对一的。现实中,用得比较少; · NAPT:使用不同的端口来映射多个内网IP地址到一个指定的外网IP地址,多对一。 四、实验步骤 实验拓扑 1、R1为公司出口路由器,其与外部路由之间通过V。35电缆串口连接,DCE端连接在R2上,配置其时钟频率为64000; 2、配置PC机、服务器及路由器接口IP地址; 3、在各路由器上配置静态路由协议,让PC间能相互ping通; 4、在R1上配置静态NAT; 5、在R1上定义内外部网络接口; 6、验证主机之间的互通性。 R1: Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z。 Router(config)#hostname R1 R1(config)#int fa0/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 192。168.1。1 255。255.255.0 R1(config-if)#no shut %LINK—5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO—5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config—if)#exit R1(config)#int s2/0 R1(config-if)#ip add 222。0。1。1 255.255.255。0 R1(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5—CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down R1(config—if)# %LINK—5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5—UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)# R1(config—if)# R1(config—if)#exit R1(config)#ip route 222.0.2.0 255。255。255。0 222.0.1。2 //配置到222.0。2.0网段的静态路由 R1(config)#end R1# %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show ip route Codes: C — connected, S — static, I — IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B — BGP        D - EIGRP, EX — EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2        E1 — OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP        i - IS-IS, L1 - IS—IS level-1, L2 - IS—IS level—2, ia — IS—IS inter area        * - candidate default, U — per-user static route, o — ODR        P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C    222.0.1。0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 S    222。0.2.0/24 [1/0] via 222。0.1。2 R1# R1# R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line。  End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#int fa0/0 R1(config-if)#?   arp                Set arp type (arpa, probe, snap) or timeout   bandwidth          Set bandwidth informational parameter   cdp                CDP interface subcommands   crypto             Encryption/Decryption commands   custom-queue—list  Assign a custom queue list to an interface   delay              Specify interface throughput delay   description        Interface specific description   duplex             Configure duplex operation。   exit               Exit from interface configuration mode   fair-queue         Enable Fair Queuing on an Interface   hold-queue         Set hold queue depth   ip                 Interface Internet Protocol config commands   mac—address        Manually set interface MAC address   mtu                Set the interface Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)   no                 Negate a command or set its defaults   priority-group     Assign a priority group to an interface   service—policy     Configure QoS Service Policy   shutdown           Shutdown the selected interface   speed              Configure speed operation。   tx—ring-limit      Configure PA level transmit ring limit   zone-member        Apply zone name R1(config—if)#ip ?   access—group        Specify access control for packets   address             Set the IP address of an interface   hello—interval      Configures IP—EIGRP hello interval   helper-address      Specify a destination address for UDP broadcasts   inspect             Apply inspect name   ips                 Create IPS rule   mtu                 Set IP Maximum Transmission Unit   nat                 NAT interface commands   ospf                OSPF interface commands   split-horizon       Perform split horizon   summary-address     Perform address summarization   virtual-reassembly  Virtual Reassembly R1(config-if)#ip nat ?   inside   Inside interface for address translation   outside  Outside interface for address translation R1(config-if)#ip nat inside ?   〈cr〉 R1(config—if)#ip nat inside R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)#int s2/0 R1(config-if)#ip nat outside ?   <cr〉 R1(config—if)#ip nat outside R1(config-if)#exit R1(config)# R1# R1# R1#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line。  End with CNTL/Z。 R1(config)#ip ?   access—list       Named access-list   default—network   Flags networks as candidates for default routes   dhcp              Configure DHCP server and relay parameters   domain            IP DNS Resolver   domain-lookup     Enable IP Domain Name System hostname translation   domain-name       Define the default domain name   forward—protocol  Controls forwarding of physical and directed IP broadcasts   host              Add an entry to the ip hostname table   name—server       Specify address of name server to use   nat               NAT configuration commands   route             Establish static routes   tcp               Global TCP parameters R1(config)#ip nat ?   inside   Inside address translation   outside  Outside address translation   pool     Define pool of addresses R1(config)#ip nat inside ?   source  Source address translation R1(config)#ip nat inside source ?   list    Specify access list describing local addresses   static  Specify static local—〉global mapping R1(config)#ip nat inside source static ?   A。B.C.D  Inside local IP address   tcp      Transmission Control Protocol   udp      User Datagram Protocol R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192。168。1.2 ?   A.B。C.D  Inside global IP address R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168。1。2 222。0。1。3 ?   〈cr〉 R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192。168。1。2 222.0.1。3 //配置内网到外网的静态NAT映射 R1(config)#end R1# %SYS—5—CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R1#show ip nat ?   statistics    Translation statistics   translations  Translation entries R1#show ip nat translations Pro  Inside global     Inside local       Outside local      Outside global --—  222.0。1。3         192。168.1。2        --—                -—- R1# R1#show ip nat translations Pro  Inside global     Inside local       Outside local      Outside global -——  222.0.1.3         192。168。1。2        ———                ——- tcp 222.0。1。3:80       192。168.1。2:80     222。0。2.2:1025     222.0.2.2:1025 R1# R1#show running—config Building configuration。。. Current configuration : 753 bytes ! version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password—encryption ! hostname R1 ! .。. ! interface FastEthernet0/0  ip address 192.168。1.1 255.255.255。0  ip nat inside  duplex auto  speed auto ! interface FastEthernet1/0  no ip address  duplex auto  speed auto  shutdown ! interface Serial2/0  ip address 222。0.1.1 255.255.255.0  ip nat outside ! interface Serial3/0  no ip address  shutdown ! interface FastEthernet4/0  no ip address  shutdown ! interface FastEthernet5/0  no ip address  shutdown ! ip nat inside source static 192。168。1.2 222.0.1.3 ip classless ip route 222.0。2。0 255。255。255。0 222.0.1.2 ! ..。 ! line con 0 line vty 0 4  login ! ! ! end R1#本文为互联网收集,请勿用作商业用途个人收集整理,勿做商业用途 R2: Router〉 Router>en Router#conf t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Router(config)#hostname R2 R2(config)#int fa0/0 R2(config-if)#ip add 222.0.2。1 255。255。255。0 R2(config-if)#no shut %LINK-5—CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up %LINEPROTO-5—UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R2(config—if)#exit R2(config)#int s2/0 R2(config—if)#ip add 222.0。1。2 255。255.255.0 R2(config-if)#no shut %LINK—5—CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000 R2(config—if)# %LINEPROTO—5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up R2(config—if)# R2(config—if)# R2(config-if)#exit R2(config)#ip route 192。168.1。0 255。255.255。0 222。0.1。1 R2(config)#end R2# %SYS-5—CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console R2#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R — RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX — EIGRP external, O — OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 — OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 — OSPF external type 2, E — EGP i — IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 — IS—IS level—2, ia - IS—IS inter area * - candidate default, U — per—user static route, o - ODR P — periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set S 192。168.1。0/24 [1/0] via 222.0.1.1 C 222。0。1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 C 222.0.2。0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 R2# PC1: Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1。0 PC〉ipconfig IP Address。。。。。.。。。..。...。...。。.: 222.0.2.2 Subnet Mask.。..。.。.。....。.。。。...: 255。255.255.0 Default Gateway.。。..。。.....。.。。。: 222。0.2.1 PC>ping 192。168.1.2 Pinging 192.168。1.2 with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out。 Reply from 192。168.1.2: bytes=32 time=19ms TTL=126 Reply from 192。168。1。2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=126 Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=126 Ping statistics for 192。168.1。2: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 15ms, Maximum = 19ms, Average = 17ms PC〉 PC1-WEB: 分类: Network
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