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Packet Tracer 5.2实验(十四) 网络地址转换NAT配置
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Packet Tracer 5。2实验(十四)
网络地址转换NAT配置
一、实验目标
· 理解NAT网络地址转换的原理及功能;
· 掌握静态NAT的配置,实现局域网访问互联网;
二、实验背景
公司欲发布WWW服务,现要求将内网Web服务器IP地址映射为全局IP地址,实现外部网络可访问公司内部Web服务器。
三、技术原理
· 网络地址转换NAT(Network Address Translation),被广泛应用于各种类型Internet接入方式和各种类型的网络中。原因很简单,NAT不仅完美解决了IP地址不足的问题,而且还能够有效地避免来自网络外部的攻击,隐藏并保护网络内部的计算机。
· 默认情况下,内部IP地址是无法被路由到外网的,内部主机10.1。1。1要与外部internet通信,IP包到达NAT路由器时,IP包头的源地址10。1。1.1被替换成一个合法的外网IP,并在NAT转换表中保存这条记录。当外部主机发送一个应答到内网时,NAT路由器收到后,查看当前NAT转换表,用10。1.1。1替换掉这个外网地址。
· NAT将网络划分为内部网络和外部网络两部分,局域网主机利用NAT访问网络时,是将局域网内部的本地地址转换为全局地址(互联网合法的IP地址)后转发数据包。
· NAT分为两种类型:NAT(网络地址转换)和NAPT(网络端口地址转换IP地址对应一个全局地址)。
· 静态NAT:实现内部地址与外部地址一对一的映射。现实中,一般都用于服务器;
· 动态NAT:定义一个地址池,自动映射,也是一对一的。现实中,用得比较少;
· NAPT:使用不同的端口来映射多个内网IP地址到一个指定的外网IP地址,多对一。
四、实验步骤
实验拓扑
1、R1为公司出口路由器,其与外部路由之间通过V。35电缆串口连接,DCE端连接在R2上,配置其时钟频率为64000;
2、配置PC机、服务器及路由器接口IP地址;
3、在各路由器上配置静态路由协议,让PC间能相互ping通;
4、在R1上配置静态NAT;
5、在R1上定义内外部网络接口;
6、验证主机之间的互通性。
R1:
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z。
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#int fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192。168.1。1 255。255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK—5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO—5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R1(config—if)#exit
R1(config)#int s2/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 222。0。1。1 255.255.255。0
R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5—CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to down
R1(config—if)#
%LINK—5-CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5—UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R1(config-if)#
R1(config—if)#
R1(config—if)#exit
R1(config)#ip route 222.0.2.0 255。255。255。0 222.0.1。2 //配置到222.0。2.0网段的静态路由
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip route
Codes: C — connected, S — static, I — IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B — BGP
D - EIGRP, EX — EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 — OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS—IS level-1, L2 - IS—IS level—2, ia — IS—IS inter area
* - candidate default, U — per-user static route, o — ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 222.0.1。0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
S 222。0.2.0/24 [1/0] via 222。0.1。2
R1#
R1#
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line。 End with CNTL/Z.
R1(config)#int fa0/0
R1(config-if)#?
arp Set arp type (arpa, probe, snap) or timeout
bandwidth Set bandwidth informational parameter
cdp CDP interface subcommands
crypto Encryption/Decryption commands
custom-queue—list Assign a custom queue list to an interface
delay Specify interface throughput delay
description Interface specific description
duplex Configure duplex operation。
exit Exit from interface configuration mode
fair-queue Enable Fair Queuing on an Interface
hold-queue Set hold queue depth
ip Interface Internet Protocol config commands
mac—address Manually set interface MAC address
mtu Set the interface Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
no Negate a command or set its defaults
priority-group Assign a priority group to an interface
service—policy Configure QoS Service Policy
shutdown Shutdown the selected interface
speed Configure speed operation。
tx—ring-limit Configure PA level transmit ring limit
zone-member Apply zone name
R1(config—if)#ip ?
access—group Specify access control for packets
address Set the IP address of an interface
hello—interval Configures IP—EIGRP hello interval
helper-address Specify a destination address for UDP broadcasts
inspect Apply inspect name
ips Create IPS rule
mtu Set IP Maximum Transmission Unit
nat NAT interface commands
ospf OSPF interface commands
split-horizon Perform split horizon
summary-address Perform address summarization
virtual-reassembly Virtual Reassembly
R1(config-if)#ip nat ?
inside Inside interface for address translation
outside Outside interface for address translation
R1(config-if)#ip nat inside ?
〈cr〉
R1(config—if)#ip nat inside
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#int s2/0
R1(config-if)#ip nat outside ?
<cr〉
R1(config—if)#ip nat outside
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
R1#
R1#
R1#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line。 End with CNTL/Z。
R1(config)#ip ?
access—list Named access-list
default—network Flags networks as candidates for default routes
dhcp Configure DHCP server and relay parameters
domain IP DNS Resolver
domain-lookup Enable IP Domain Name System hostname translation
domain-name Define the default domain name
forward—protocol Controls forwarding of physical and directed IP broadcasts
host Add an entry to the ip hostname table
name—server Specify address of name server to use
nat NAT configuration commands
route Establish static routes
tcp Global TCP parameters
R1(config)#ip nat ?
inside Inside address translation
outside Outside address translation
pool Define pool of addresses
R1(config)#ip nat inside ?
source Source address translation
R1(config)#ip nat inside source ?
list Specify access list describing local addresses
static Specify static local—〉global mapping
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static ?
A。B.C.D Inside local IP address
tcp Transmission Control Protocol
udp User Datagram Protocol
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192。168。1.2 ?
A.B。C.D Inside global IP address
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192.168。1。2 222。0。1。3 ?
〈cr〉
R1(config)#ip nat inside source static 192。168。1。2 222.0.1。3 //配置内网到外网的静态NAT映射
R1(config)#end
R1#
%SYS—5—CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R1#show ip nat ?
statistics Translation statistics
translations Translation entries
R1#show ip nat translations
Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global
--— 222.0。1。3 192。168.1。2 --— -—-
R1#
R1#show ip nat translations
Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global
-—— 222.0.1.3 192。168。1。2 ——— ——-
tcp 222.0。1。3:80 192。168.1。2:80 222。0。2.2:1025 222.0.2.2:1025
R1#
R1#show running—config
Building configuration。。.
Current configuration : 753 bytes
!
version 12.2
no service timestamps log datetime msec
no service timestamps debug datetime msec
no service password—encryption
!
hostname R1
!
.。.
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168。1.1 255.255.255。0
ip nat inside
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet1/0
no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
shutdown
!
interface Serial2/0
ip address 222。0.1.1 255.255.255.0
ip nat outside
!
interface Serial3/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet4/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface FastEthernet5/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip nat inside source static 192。168。1.2 222.0.1.3
ip classless
ip route 222.0。2。0 255。255。255。0 222.0.1.2
!
..。
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
!
end
R1#本文为互联网收集,请勿用作商业用途个人收集整理,勿做商业用途
R2:
Router〉
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#int fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add 222.0.2。1 255。255。255。0
R2(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5—CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
%LINEPROTO-5—UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up
R2(config—if)#exit
R2(config)#int s2/0
R2(config—if)#ip add 222.0。1。2 255。255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shut
%LINK—5—CHANGED: Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config—if)#
%LINEPROTO—5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial2/0, changed state to up
R2(config—if)#
R2(config—if)#
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#ip route 192。168.1。0 255。255.255。0 222。0.1。1
R2(config)#end
R2#
%SYS-5—CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R — RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX — EIGRP external, O — OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 — OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 — OSPF external type 2, E — EGP
i — IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 — IS—IS level—2, ia - IS—IS inter area
* - candidate default, U — per—user static route, o - ODR
P — periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192。168.1。0/24 [1/0] via 222.0.1.1
C 222。0。1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0
C 222.0.2。0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R2#
PC1:
Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1。0
PC〉ipconfig
IP Address。。。。。.。。。..。...。...。。.: 222.0.2.2
Subnet Mask.。..。.。.。....。.。。。...: 255。255.255.0
Default Gateway.。。..。。.....。.。。。: 222。0.2.1
PC>ping 192。168.1.2
Pinging 192.168。1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out。
Reply from 192。168.1.2: bytes=32 time=19ms TTL=126
Reply from 192。168。1。2: bytes=32 time=17ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=15ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192。168.1。2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 15ms, Maximum = 19ms, Average = 17ms
PC〉
PC1-WEB:
分类: Network
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