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将来进行时用法小结.doc

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(完整word)将来进行时用法小结 将来进行时用法小结 【口诀】 “将来某时(段)正进行,预计不久要发生.通常用在口语中,语气委婉顿生情.” 【用法】 将来进行时由“助动词will / shall + be + 现在分词"构成,具体用法如下: (1) 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如: I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。 Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months.下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。 (2) 在口语中常用来表示按计划或安排即要发生的动作。如: This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New York。 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。 At 7:00 this evening I will be watching the news programmes on TV。 今晚七时,我将正在收看电视上的新闻节目。 (3) 表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的事情或将来的某种可能性,说话人往往有“我料想"或“我估计"的含义。如: We believe that peasants’ life will be getting better and better. 我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。 If we don’t do so, we shall be making a serious mistake. 如果我们不那样做,我们就会犯严重的错误。 (4) 表示亲切或委婉的语气。如: When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面? 【注意】 在时间、条件等状语从句中,用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如: Be careful when you are crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。 If Tom is doing his homework when you come back, don’t disturb him, please. 你回来时如果汤姆正在做作业,请不要打扰他。 一般将来时用法小结 【用法】 “will / shall + 动词原形"构成的一般将来时,其被动形式为“will / shall + be + 过去分词”。 (1) 表示单纯的将来。如: Her elder sister will be thirty years old next month. 下个月她姐姐就30岁了. (2) 表示在说话时决定要去做某事。如: We are really lost。 I’ll stop to ask someone the way。 我们真的迷路了.我要停下来问问路。 (3) 用于“祈使句+连词+简单句”固定句式中.如: Go straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it. 直走你就会看到一座教堂,你不会错过的。 【注意】 1。 用“be going to+动词原形”构成的一般将来时。 (1) 人作主语时表示打算,“有计划要做”。如: My daughter is going to be a doctor when she grows up. 我女儿打算长大后当医生。 (2) 物作主语时表示目前有迹象表明将要发生某事,“有……的趋势(如天气变化)”。如: Look at the black clouds。 It's going to rain。 看那些乌云,要下雨了。 2. 用“be about to+动词原形”构成的一般将来时,“正要做……” (1) 表示即将发生的动作,在时间上指最近的将来,时间范围小一些。如: We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。 The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。 (2) 在含有be about to do的句子中,不能再加时间状语。如: Wrong: The medical team is about to start immediately.  Right: The medical team is about to start. 医疗队就要出发了。 3. 用“be to+动词原形”构成的一般将来时,计划性非常强,形式很正式,常常翻译成“应该”。 (1) 表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情.如: The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会. (2) 表示可能性,必要、责任、义务、禁止等。如: Her necklace was not to (couldn’t) be found. 她的项链找不到了。 The door is to be locked。 你要把门关上。 4. 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中,主句一般不用be going to,而常用will(第一人称用shall)。从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时:如: The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,足球赛将被推迟举行. 5。 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来.如: They will go home for the winter vacation as soon as they finish their exams. 他们一考完试就回家过寒假。 I can’t go to your birthday party unless my father agrees. 除非我爸爸同意,否则我去不了你的生日会。 【将来进行时与一般将来时的比较】 两者都表示将来的行为,但在用法上有所区别: (1) 将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作;而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。如: She won’t be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow. 明天8点她不在办公室开会。 What will you do at five tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午五点你将干什么? (2) 将来进行时常用来表示说话人设想已经安排好的事;而一般将来时表示临时决定。如: We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July. 七月份我们要去海边度假。 -Did you tell Julia about the result? 你告诉朱莉娅结果了吗? -Oh, no。 I will call her now。 噢,没有。我现在就告诉她。 (3) 将来进行时不表示个人意愿。如: They will be meeting us at the station. 他们会在车站接我们的。 (4) 将来进行时比一般将来时在语气上要委婉客气。如: When will you finish these letters? 你什么时候会处理完这些信件? When shall I be expecting you this evening? 今天晚上我几点等你? 过去将来时用法小结 【用法】 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即:过去将来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”的一种时态,常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。判断这种时态的依据是:要有表示过去的“动作”,而不是时间。如: I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海. I didn’t know if he would come。 我不知道他是否会来。 They never knew that population would become a big problem。 他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。 She didn’t tell me where she would go。 她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。 Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday. 贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。 但是,在一定的语境中也可于其他从句或句子中: It was a problem whether they would support us。 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟。太阳即将落山。 【构成】 ① 由助动词“would/should+动词原形"构成,常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事.would可用于各种人称;should主要用于主语是第一人称时.如: Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us。 不论何时我们遇到困难,他总会给予帮助。 He said he would come to see me。 他说他要来看我. He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。 ② 由“was/were going to+动词原形”构成,表示过去某时计划、打算、准备做某事。如: No one knew when he was going to come. 没有人知道他什么时候来。 She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。 I was told that he was going to return home。 有人告诉我他准备回家。 此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事,或者在一定的上下文中有时可表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算:例如: It seemed as if it was going to rain。 看来好像要下雨. She was going to attend the concert last night, but she was too busy. 她昨晚本想去听音乐会的,但她太忙了。 ③ 用“was (were) about+不定式”构成,表示在过去看来正要做某事或表示过去即将发生的事情。如: I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我正要睡觉,他来看我了. The US said that the war on Iraq was about to start in a week. 美国说伊拉克之战将在一周后打响。 ④ 用“was (were)+不定式"构成,表示定于过去某时将要做某事。如: He was to meet her at 10 on the street. 他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。 也可以表示过去曾经计划要做的事,或者过去应当做的事,而且从现在的角度来看已经实现了。如: I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.  I was to play Juliet。  The expedition was to start in a week’s time. 如: 【注意】 ① 表示“往来”时空变化的短暂性动词,如“go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return, take off”等,通常用过去进行时来表示过去将来。如: He said they were leaving at seven. 他说他们将于七点动身。 He said the train was leaving at six the next morning。 他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。 She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。 ② 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时.例如: I didn’t know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know. 我不知道她什么时候来,但她来了我会告诉你。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn't work hard. 老师说,如果我不努力学习的话,就很难取得进步。 ③ was/ were to have done表示“本打算"、“本计划”或“本应当"做的事而没有做成或没有发生或被取消。如: I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he didn’t come.  We were to have been married last year。  We were to have left at 6 last night。 我们本来计划昨晚6点离开的。 【过去将来时典型错误例析】 1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。 误:We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting。 正:We didn't know whether he was going to speak at the meeting. 析:该句主句为过去时,且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作,所以从句要用过去将来时态。 2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。 误:The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up. 正:The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up。 析:在时间状语从句中,常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。 3。 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。 误:They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday。 正:They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday. 析:在条件状语从句中,也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。 4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈,她要买一些书。 误:Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books。 正:Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books。 析:过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成,但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。 5. 上次我见到你时,你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。 误:Last time I saw you, you had started to go to Tibet by train。 正:Last time I saw you, you were going to start to go to Tibet by train. I. 选择填空 ( ) 1. — What did your son say in the letter? — He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day。 A。 will visit B. has visited C。 is going to visit D。 would visit ( ) 2。 I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to come B。 is coming C。 will come D. was coming ( ) 3。 Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year。 A. took B。 would take C。 takes D. will take ( ) 4。 We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables. A。 are going to grow B。 were going to grow C。 will grow D. have grown ( ) 5。 She ______ to work when the telephone rang。 A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D。 is to go ( ) 6。 — The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn’t arrived yet. — Well, he said he _____ here on time. A. came B. would come C. can be D。 will be ( ) 7。 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____。 A. was going to cry B。 cried C。 began to cry D. was crying ( ) 8。 Li Ming said he _____ happy if Brian _____ to China next month. A。 as; come B。 was; would come C。 would be; came D。 will be; come ( ) 9。 Jenny said she _____ her holiday in China. A. spent B. would spent C。 was going to spent D. would spend II。 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1。 Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2。 She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long。 3. I wasn't sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year。 4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future. Ⅲ. 单选填空 1。 She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning。 2。 I wasn’t sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning. 3。 He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight. 4。 Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work. Key: I. 1—5 DDBBC 6-9 BACD II。 1. would visit   2. would not stay   3。 would come   4. would slow Ⅲ. 1. was leaving 2。 would lend 3。 would be 4。 would help - 4 -
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