情态动词高考常考点讲解与分析附答案.doc

第十一讲：情态动词

一、常见考点：
1. can, must, may, should, might表示推测时的区别
2. can’t，mustn’t, may not, needn’t等否定形式的用法
3. should和ought to表示“义务”和“推断”的用法
4. shall和will 作为情态动词用时的用法特点
5. need 和 dare 作为情态动词和实义动词用时的用法特点
6. had better, used to 和would rather的各类用法特点。
二、 情态动词的基本用法：
1. can（could）
（1） 能...、会....(表示能力)
He can speak English better than you
注意：①be able to 强调经过努力、克服困难等完成某事；则was/were able to表示过去经过努力等成功的做成了某事；②could 表示原来具备某种能力，现在没有这种能力了
（2） 能够。。。、可以。。。（表示可能、许可）
“May I use your telephone?” “Yes, you can.” / You can’t park your car in this street.
注意：此时，can可以表示表示理论上的或逻辑上的，或偶尔发生的事情，或一时的事情或特有的事情。如：It can be windy on the top of the mountain./ she can be forgettable sometimes./ Tigers can be dangerous. /Jogging can be harmful for the health. The temperature can fall to -60℃.（气温可降至零下60℃）
(3) 请做。。。、得。。。（表示温和的命令）
I will do the cooking, and you can do the washing. 我来做饭，请你去洗衣服
（4）能不能。。。，要不要。。。（用于疑问句，表示客气的请求、提议）
Can you give me a lift to the station?
Can’t you lend me 10 dollars？请你借给我10美元吧？
（5）构成下列特殊句式：
①can not/ can never...too...或cannot...enough...“无论怎么。。。也不过份； 越。。。越好 ；非常。。。”
One cannot be too carefull. 越认真越好。
②cannot help doing.../ cannot help but do.../ cannot but do...”“禁不住；不由得；不得不”
When a close friend dies, you cannot feel but sad. 当一个密友死的时候 ， 你会禁不住伤心的.
(6) can 还可以用于一般疑问句和否定句表示推测？someone is knocking. Who can it be ? 而在肯定句中表推测要用must和may
2. may/ might
(1) 可以。。。（表准许、请求） eg: You may go home now, Susan. 苏珊，你现在可以回家了
(2) 但愿；祝。。。(表愿望、祝福；此时，句子要用倒装语序) May you succeed.祝你成功。
(3) 为了，为了能够（用于目的状语从句so..that.../ such....that....）
He works hard so that he may get good grade.
(4) 即使，无论（用于让步状语从句中） Whatever he may say, I don’t believe him.
(5) 构成句型 may as well do sth/ might as well do sth (不妨去做某事，还是做某事的好)
(6) May 的否定回答不用may，
---May I use your bike?
---No, you mustn’t/ You’d better not. / please don’t (肯定：Yes, please. / Certainly)
3. must
(1) 必须、得、要（表义务、必要性、命令）Animals must eat to live.(为了活下去，动物必须吃东西。)
---Must I washing the sidhes at once?
---No, you needn’t.. / yes , you must
注： mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”。Eg: You mustn’t play with the knife; you might hurt yourself.
(2) 必定（表必然性）。 Everyone must die. 每个人都必定会死。
（3）偏偏、偏要、硬要（表固执、不满等）：If you must know, I’m going to help him look for an apartment.如果你偏要知道，那我告诉你，我要去帮他找一套公寓。
（4）想必、一定、准是（表推测，只用于肯定句）。 He must be ill. He looks so pale.
(5) must 的否定回答用： No, you needn’t/ No, you don’t have to
4. shall
(1) 用于第一、第三人称，表示征求对方意见，请求指示等：Shall we go out for a walk?
注：may 征求对方的许可，而shall是征求对方意见
May I have a look?我能看一下嘛？？Shall I have a look? 要我看一下嘛？？
(2) 用与第二、第三人称，表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等：
eg：He shall be sorry one day, I tell you. 我告诉你，他早晚有一天会后悔的（警告）
Don’t worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon. (允诺)。
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. (决心)
（3） 应。。。/须。。/ 得。。(用于法律、规则等条文中)： The fine shall be given in cash.罚款应以现金
5. should
(1) 应该（表义务、责任） ：We should attend the meeting .我们应该参见这次会议。
（2）应该会、想必会、一定会（表预期）：The concert should be great fun. 音乐会一定很有意思。
（3）竟然、居然（表惊讶、遗憾）：I’m glad that your story should have won the first prize.
我很高兴，你的小说居然赢得头奖。
（4） 一旦、万一（用于条件状语从句中）：If she should know the truth, she would be greatly depressed.万一她知道了实情，她将会非常失望
（5） 用于一些表示命令、建议、请求等动词后面的that从句中,如：suggest, demand, recommend,advise,且，should可以在这个that从句中省略。They demanded that she (should) leave at once.
（6） 究竟是、到底是（与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等）
Who should come in but my old friend Betty！我当是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂啊。
（7） 用于与将来事实相反的if条件状语从句中，此时省略if ， 还可以引起倒装
If I shoud be free tomorrow, I would go wth you .=Should I be free tomorrow, I would go with you.
6. will
(1) 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句：If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书。。。
（2）表请求，用于疑问句：Will you close the door? It is a bit cold.
(3) 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作：The door won’t open.(这门打不开) Fish will die out of water.
(4) 表命令、叮嘱： No one will leave the examination room before 12 o’clock.12点前谁也不得离开考场。
（5）表猜测：That will be the postman at the door. 门口想必是邮差。
7. would
(1) 常常、经常（表过去的习惯性动作）：We would stay up all night talking our future.
区别：used to ____________________________________________________________
(2) 老是、偏要（表示说话者的厌烦、焦躁）：That’s exactly like Susie. She would come to me just when I was busy.苏西就是那个样子，她老是在我忙碌的时候来找我。
（3）就是（不能）（用于否定句，主语一般是物，表某物一时的、暂时的特性）That door wouldn’t open.
(4) 表示客气的请求、建议；或婉转的表达个人的想法、看法：Would you mind if I open the window?
8. ought to
（1）表义务、应该，口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
(2) 表推测，暗含很大的可能： Han Mei ought to konw his telephone number.
9.used to
表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，现在不发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种：如I usedn’t to smoke.= I didn’t use to smoke.
10. have to (would rather+do)
have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.
11. need 和 dare
这两个词都即可用作情态动词， 也可用作实义动词。
① 用作情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句； 用作实义动词，主要用于肯定句（当然也可以用于否定句等）
② 用作实义动词：You needn’t do it yourself.=You don’t need to do it yourself.
I need to tell them the news.
③ need的主语是物时，其后的动词可以是：doing或to be done.
The table needs painting. = The table needs to be painted.
④ dare 在否定句中，用作实义动词时，其后的to可带，也可以不带。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
⑤ I dare say.... 为固定习语，意思是“我敢说。。。。”
三、 情态动词+have done的用法：
情态动词+have done一定表述的是过去的事情，且表示对过去发生的事情的推测、判断，或表某种强烈的语气（如惊讶、责备、赞叹等）
⑴ must + have done 表“过去肯定发生了某事”。The room is clean. Someone must have cleaned it.
注：绝对没有下面的形式：mustn’t have done.
⑵ may/might + have done 表示“过去可能发生了某事”，其中might 的语气要婉转些；但是主句中动词是过去时，一定要用might,如He said she might have missed the train.
⑶ could + have done,表示“过去本来能够做成某事，但是没有做到”:You could have succeeded.
⑷ can’t/couldn’t have done 表示“绝不可能发生了某事”：He couldn’t have taken all the medicine at a time.
⑸ should/ought to +have done, 表示“过去本来应该做某事，但实际上未做”
You are late again. You ought to have come one hour earlier.
⑹ shouldn’t+ have done/ 或oughtn’t to have done, 表示“过去不应该做某事而做了某事”
This is my letter. You shouldn’t have opened it.
⑺ needn’t + have done 表示“本没有必要做某事，而做了”
There was plenty of time, so she needn’t have hurried. 有充足的时间，所以她没有必要哪么急的。。
注：如果是对现在或将来的情况进行推测或判断，要用：“情态动词 + V-原”。
四、must 表示推测时：其反义疑问句的构成如下：
He must be a teacher, ______________?
She must have finished the work, _____________?
She must have finished the work last night, ______________?
She must have finished the work by the end of last month, ___________?
五：同步巩固训练:
基础训练：
1. -shall I tell John about it?
-No,you ___________.
A. needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't
2. Peter _____come with us tonight. But he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B.can C..may D.will
3. I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.
A. mustn't have spoken B.Shouldn't have spoken
C.needn't have spoken D.can't have spoken
4. I didn't hear the telephone.I _____ asleep.
A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been
5. -______ I open the door for you?
-No,thanks.I can manage by myself.
A. Will B. May C. Shall D. Should
6. One ought _______ for what one hasn't done.
A.not to be punished B.to not be punished
C.be not to punished D.not be punished
7. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______escape.
A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to
8. I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I _______ for her.
A.had to write it out B.must have written it out
C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
9. A computer _____ think for iself; it must be told what to do.
A.can't B.couldn't C.may not S.might not
10. Tell Tom that he ____have the book next week.
A.shall B.will C.can D.would
11. If you really want yourself to be in good health.you must____always_____so much.
A.not;be smoking B.not;have smoked C.to not;be smoking D.not be;smoked
12. With so much work on hand,you ____to see the game last night.
A.mustn't go B.shouldn't go C.couldn't have gone D.shouldn't have gone
13. Someone is knocking at the door.Who __it be?
A.may B.must C.will D.can
14. -Look,it ____be Tom.
-No,it _____be him.He has gone to Beijing.
A.may,mustn't B.must,may C.must,can't D.can,may not
15. Don't be worried.The news ___ be ture.
A.may not B.mustn't C.needn't D.won't
16. "It's possible that Mr.wu is working now."
The sentence means ______.
A. Mr .Wu must be working now B. Mr . Wu can't be working now
C. Mr . Wu should work now D. Mr .Wu may be working now
17. You mother must be at home,_____ she?
A.mustn't B.doesn't C.isn't D.can't
18. - _____ I watch TV this evening?
- Yes,but you ______ finish your homework first.
A. Must;can B. May;must C. Must;may not D. Must,can't
19. -____I sleep here?
-No,you ___.
A. May;needn't B. May;mustn't C. Can;need D. May;may
20. -Must I turn off the light now?
-No.you ____.
A. needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.won't
21. You ___ so early.
A.need come B.doesn't need come C.needs come D.needn't come
22. We ____ them.They can do it by themselves.
A.need help B.don't need help C.don't need to help D.needn't to help
23. You'd better ___ in class.
A.not talk B.not to talk C.don't talk D.not talking
24. You ____ go with us now,or you will be late.
A.shall B.should C.would D.could
25. - Need I go to work now?
-Yes,you ____.
A.need B.can C.may D.must
26. Could you tell me if there ____plenty of rain in your hometown?
A.is B.would be C.are D.was
27. A boy was crossing the street in front of my car,and I _____ stop very quickly.
A.must B.have to C.has to D.had to
28. Xiao wang ____have been to Japan.He has never told this.
A.will not B.can not C.shall not D.may not
29. She _____have had a hard life since she looked much older than her age.
A.may B.may not C.mustn't D.must
30. He went home because his mother was ill.We ____have waited for him at the bus station for a long time.
A.needn't B.need C.must D.shall
31. You are late for class.You ____have come to school earlier.
A.shall B.must C.will D.should
32. Mr Wang is wet through.He ___caught in the rain.
A.must be B.must have been C.must has been D.must nave
(答案详解见最后面)
2007年真题：
1. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
—It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. [2007 全国卷I]
A. will B. would C. should D. must
2. —Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. [2007 上海卷]
—Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.
A. must B. should C. must have D. should have
3. The teacher _______have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. [2007 安徽卷]
A. should B. can C. would D. must
4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you___ take care of your luggage. [2007 北京卷]
A. can B. may C. must D. will
5. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it? [2007 福建卷]
A.can B.must C.should D.would
6. The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. [2007 湖南卷]
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
7. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. [2007 江苏卷]
—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
8. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You it in the wrong place. [2007 江西卷]
A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put
9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . [2007 陕西卷]
A.need rcpairing B.needs to repair C.needs repairing D.need to repair
10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her ther. [2007 陕西卷]
A.could B.must C.night D.should
11. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. [2007 上海春]
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
12. 一What does the sign over there read?
一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”[2007 四川卷]
A．will B．may C．shall D. must
13. —My cat’s really fat.
—You ______ have given her so much food. [2007 浙江卷]
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
14. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. [2007 重庆卷]
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t
15. —Turn off the TV, Jack.. ____ your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please. [2007 辽宁卷]
A.Should you be doing B. Shouldn't you be doing C. Couldn't you be doing D. Will you be doing
2008年真题
福建卷）24. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
（湖南卷）28. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _____ find the book by the
title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would
（江苏卷）35. —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
（山东卷）24. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
（江西卷）26. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
（辽宁卷）22. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
(全国II)17. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
（陕西卷）9. –What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?
--Well, it _________ be big--that’s not important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
(四川卷)10. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must B. may C. shall D. should
（浙江卷）11. You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
（北京卷）21. John promised hi