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(完整word)复合句语法专项
复合句语法专项
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成.主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构,但主句是全句的整体,从句只是全局中的一个成分,不能独立.根据从句在全句中的不同作用,从句可以分为主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,定语从句和状语从句.其中主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词,因此统称为名词性从句。
一. 名词性从句:(用陈述句语序)
1. 主语从句:在复合句中做主句的主语。
引导主语从句的词有连词 that, whether(是否)(在主语从句中不作成分,不可以省略);连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose (其中who做主语,whom做宾语,whose做定语,what, which 作主语或宾语);连接副词when, where, how, why(作状语); 复合代词whatever(任何…….的事物,凡是……的事物=anything or everything that); whoever(任何人=any(the)person who)。
Eg。 That he will succeed is certain(他会成功是肯定的。)
是否他去那里还不知道_____________________________________
她说的话不真实__________________________________
谁打破了窗子玻璃还没有查出来___________________has not been found out.
她如何逃跑的仍然是一个谜_________________________remains a mystery.
他把钱放在什么地方有待查明_______________________is to be found out.
任何人来都欢迎。Whoever comes is welcome。
主语从句还可以用it 作形式主语,而把主语从句放在后边,作为真正主语。
Eg. It is not known who he is 不知道他是谁
他什么时候离开都没有关系It dosenot matter__________________
真遗憾他不能参加晚会 It's a pity______________________
很难说将需要多少钱___________________________________
二. 表语从句:在复合句总作主句的表语。
引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, as if/as though (不作成分,不可省略);连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose; 连接副词when, where, why, how.
Eg。 ①The question is that he is also short of money。问题是他也缺钱。
②那就是我要对你讲的。That is_____________________________
③一个人重要的是做什么,不是说什么。
The important is_____________________________________
④天看起来要下雨了
It looks ________________________________
⑤问题是谁能完成这项艰难任务。
The question is________________________________________
⑥结果是他错了。
It turned out that_____________________________
⑦看样子他好像是在撒谎.It seems that he is lying.
三. 宾语从句:用作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。
除谓语动词之后可接宾语从句之外,介词,不定式,分词,动名词以及某些形容词(如sure, glad, pleased, certain, afraid, surprised, satisfied等)的后面也可以带宾语从句。根据关联词的不同,宾语从句有三种类型:
⑴that引导的宾语从句
that引导宾语从句时只起连接作用,没意义,不作成分,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
Eg. 我确实感到他需要更多的经验。
I really feel that_____________________________________
这位老人总喜欢说她有一个好儿子.
The old lady likes saying that_______________________________
我确信他现在在家.I am sure (that)________________________
我担心他不能准时到。 I am afraid (that)____________________
He made it clear that he didn’t like the job.他说他不喜欢这项工作。
(这里it 为形式宾语,代替后边的that 宾语从句(做真正主语)),clear形容词为宾补。
我已经讲得很清楚,任何人不准在此处吸烟。
I have made it clear that__________________________________
⑵whether 或if 引导的宾语从句
whether 或if意思是“是否",另外,whether…or not是……。还是不……。
Eg。 I want to know whether/if she still lives there.
请告诉我你是否能来 Please tell me___________________________
⑶ 连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句
连接代词有who, which, what, whom, whose, 连接副词有when, where, how, why. 这类宾语从句一律用陈述语序。
她想知道我就喜欢哪一部电影。She wants to know_____________________________________
我对他做的事不感兴趣。 I am not interested in_________________________
我不知道他为什么没来. I don't know___________________________
⑷ I don’t think (believe, expect, guess, suppose)……否定转移到宾语从句中。
Eg. 我认为天不会下雨。I don’t think__________________________
我想他还没做完工作. I don't suppose__________________________
我相信他不会把钱借给你. I don’t believe________________________________________
四. 同位语从句:在复合句中作同位语的从句,叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词如idea, news, fact, promise, truth, hope, suggestion, doubt, demand(要求 ), word(消息)等名词后面,用以说明这些名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的词有连词that, whether(不作成分,不可省略); 连接副词how, when, where(作状语)。
Eg。 你听到玛丽不久就要回来的消息了吗?
Have you heard the news_____________________________?
You have no idea ______for her safety。
A. how anxious I have been B。 so anxious I have been
C。 how I have been anxious D。 I have been so anxious
The question _____________________________hasn’t been decided。
是否我们将建另一所教学楼。
在名次demand(要求), suggestion(建议), request(要求), proposal(建议),其后的同位语从句要用should+动词原形,被动语态时用should be+过去分词,这时should可以省略。
Eg。 推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。
The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow。
她拒绝了他单独做那项工作的请求.
She refused the demand that he (should) do the work alone。
名词性从句语法专项练习题
1. He asked_____for the violin.
A。 did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C。 how much did I pay D. how much I paid
2. No one can be sure______in a million years.
A。 what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
3. _____the 2000Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A。 That B。 If C。 Whether D. Whenever
4。 It worried her a bit ___her hair was turning grey.
A。 while B。 if C. that D。 for
5。 Go and get your coat。 It's ___you left it。
A。 where B。 there C. there where D. where there
6。 _____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present。
A. What B。 That C. The fact D。 The matter
7。_____we can't get seems better than ___we have。
A。 What; what B. What; that
C. That ; that D。 That; what
8。_____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A。 If B. Whether C.That D。Where
9。 –I drove to Zhuhai for the airshow last week.
—- I s that _____you had a few days off。
A。 why B. when C. what D. where
10。 I don’t doubt ____he can do the work even better than you expected.
A。 whether B。 that C. what D。 why
11. He gave a book to ___entered the classroom。
A. that B. who C. whoever D. whomever
12。 I wonder ___you would like to take part in the play.
A. that B。 that if C。 if D。 that whether
13. ____surprised me most was_____he was too late for the important meeting, for he was chairman of it.
A. What; that B.That; how
C。What; how D.That; why
14。 After______seemed a long time, he could stand it no longer.
A。 it B。 what C。 that D。 which
15。 That true value of life lies not in_____, but in____.
A。 which we get; what we get B. that we get; what we give C。 what we get; what we give D. that we get; which we give
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