时态语态讲解及练习.doc

高二会考复习资料时态语态及一般用法时态和语态讲解及练习谓语构成时间状语特殊用法一般现在时：1)经常性或习惯性的动作2)现在的特征，状态 及能力 3)普遍真理, 格言警句 Be (am, is, are) do / doesalways,usually,every time,seldom, sometimes often, now and then, occasionally1)按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事2)在时间、条件、方式状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。特殊句型: Here comes ourteacher.(一般现在时表正发生动作) am / is / are done一般过去时：表示过去发生的，和现在无联系的动作或状态或习惯动作be (was, were) didyesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now was/were done一般将来时：将来某个时刻（或某段时间内）将来要发生的动作will/shall doam/is/are going to do am/is/are to dobe about to donext, tomorrow, in+时段，from now on, in the future, 1）一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.The machine wont work.(机器没法开动)2）be going to 表示说话前已经作出的主观的打算或计划，或用来表达有某种迹象要发生的事will do表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性be to do表示约定、或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。be about to do “正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。will/shall be donewould/should be donewas/were going to be done现在完成时:1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and it is clean now.)2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.have/has donefor+时段, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past()years, always, recently 特殊句型:1)Its the first time that(have/has done).2)It has been/is +时间段+since.This is the best film that I have ever seen.3)短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用, 如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词, 如diebe dead , leavebe away , come back be back , fall in love with -be in love with , marrybe married to , He has died. He has been dead 3 years.(He died 3 years ago.)have/has been done 时态、语态及一般用法：谓语构成时间状语特殊用法：现在完成进行时：have/has been doingall day long, the whole morning, for+时段表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(可能仍在进行， 也可能停了一会儿.) 1）How long has it been raining?2）Ive been sitting here all day.have/has been being done将来完成时表将来某时已发生的动作. The new building will have been completed by the end of August. will/shall have donebe going to have doneby +将来时间.有时也用来表揣测.They will have arrived by now.We worked together for a year. He wont have forgotten me.will/shall have been donebe going to have been done过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。He had finished his work by 2001.had done before, by, until, when, after, once by the end of +过去时间1）用于hardly when ;no soonerthan （一.就）等句子中。Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.2hope,think,expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。I had hoped to take my seat in all this noise without being found.我本希望乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）3)It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时have/has done）；It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时had done）。eg. It is the first time that Ive been here. It was the first time that he had ever spoken.had been done现在进行时：1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正在进行。 am/is/are doingthese days, nowadays,at present,at the moment,now1)下列动词用现在进行时可以表示将来很快要发生的动作，即一般将来时。如：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。 Were moving to the new building next week.2)下列副词always, continually , constantly, never 等常一般现在时连用，但若用于进行时则表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。 You are always forgetting the important things.3无进行时态的动词：表“存在、所有、知觉、认为，感情”等状态存在： keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , 所有： have ,belong to , possess, own , hold 知觉： sound,look /seem /appear,smell, 认识: understand, know, suppose, remember, 情感：like, love, hate , prefer, am/is/are being done过去进行时：1表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。The teacher came in when they were talking.was /were + doingat that time, then , this time yesterday last week, at 10 oclock last night Hope, want, wonder等的过去进行时用来提出请求，表示委婉的语气，实际表示现在的情况I was hoping you could send me some money stamps.( I hope)e, go , plan , expect, hope, intend, look forward to 等词可用进行时表达本来打算做实际没做成的事He was expecting to finish the work last month , but the machine went wrong.was /were + being +doneExercises:1.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 2. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 3. Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor?-Of course. What is it?-I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder 4. -_David and Vicky _ married?-For about three years.A. How long were; being B. How long have; got C. How long have; been D. How long did; get 5. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider 6. They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ on it as no good results have come out so far.A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working C. have worked; were still working D. have worked; are still working 7. When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.A. started;had already hidden B. had started; had already hidden C. had started; eas hiding D. was started; hid8. Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.A. arent; are B. arent; were C. werent; are D. werent; were9. If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.-What a pity! Tina _ here to see you.A. is B. was C. would be D. has been 10. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed 11. Where did you put the car keys？ -Oh, I _ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _ in.A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming C. remember; come D. remember; was coming12. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage.A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 13. Why dont you put the meat in the fidge?It will _ fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 14. The crazy fans _ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait 15. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?-No, I _. Did they have a big wedding?A. was not invited B. have not been invited C. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite16. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 第 4 页 共 4 页