毕业设计论文-外文翻译—传感器技术的新进展.doc

英文原文：From X IA W e-i q iang, FAN Shang-chun Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument Advances in Sensor Technology Development The sensor technology is an important technical foundation of the new technological revolution and the information society, is a multidisciplinary science and technology, and is widely regarded as the source of the modern information technology 1.In recent years, sensor technology developmentFast, and made many new developments, in particular, has made a lot of progress in terms of gas sensors, biological sensors, vision sensors 2 - 3.Massachusetts Institute of Chinese scientist Zhang Shuguang research team led by means of a special solution to find the large-scale manufacture of the olfactory receptor 4; same MIT researchers used gas chromatography - mass spectrometry feelidentify gas molecules, developed a trace toxic gases react strongly miniature sensors 5; Russian scientists as raw material extracted from a common mushroom mixture, a resonant sensor with a piezoelectric quartz crystal canvery low levels of phenol in the detection of air ingredient Japanese scientists have developed quickly identify influenza virus nanosensors 7, nanotechnology is expected to quickly identify influenza virus, hepatitis B virus, mad cow disease pathogens and pesticide residues and other substances 6;the Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain, developed a new means;New microfilm DNA analysis sensors 8, this sensor is able to analyze the DNA chain time shortened to a few minutes or a few hours, intelligent instrument and sensor technology, space biology, intelligent sensing technology.Applications, a series of laboratory tests in a paternity test to detect genetically modified food also can determine the genetic toxicity of new drugs; National Institute of Standards and Technology Research Institute to develop an ultra-sensitive micro-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor, the micro-sensor andparallel microfluidic channels in a silicon chip on top of this technology to enhance the detection sensitivity of NMR to a new level, with a wide range of application prospects 9 in the chemical analysis. Our sensor technology compared with foreign countries, there is a big gap, but the last two years has also made some progress and breakthroughs, the birth of some new products, some of the major national Model Engineering application.Such as resource ringReality technology in the field of environmental monitoring and environmental risk assessment technology, fast online monitoring technology of Air Pollution Complex key gaseous pollutants and airborne fine particles and ultrafine particles fast online monitoring technology, marine technology collarDomain of marine water pollution parameters online monitoring technology and marine metal contaminants on-site and on-line monitoring techniques.HgCdTe infrared sensors have been used in Chinas Fengyun series satellites, oceanic satellites and Shenzhou series flyShip.Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics invented the small precision CMOS celestial sensor technology won the 2008 National Invention and Technology Prize 10.The development of these technologies highlights sensor technology showing toThe high-precision, miniaturization, micro-power consumption and passive, intelligent, high reliability direction of the trend, the following were discussed. The main direction of development of sensor technology to the development of high-precisionAutomated production technology continues to evolve, the requirements of the sensor is also continuously improve the requirements developed with high sensitivity, high accuracy, fast response speed, good interchangeability new sensor to ensure the reliability of production automation.In recent years, the worlds major the sensor research institutions using new theories, new methods, new techniques to improve the sensor accuracy achieved outstanding results.American scholars have found a new method to improve the sensitivity of the sensor 11, to take a systematic approach to the various design rules together with a consistent framework to improve the design of the sensor.They compared the traditional planar sensor (p lanar sensor) components with cylindrical single nanotube sensor (cylindrica l sing le-nano tube sensor)Components, the results show the smaller cylindrical sensitivity of the sensor is at least 100 times higher, which is sufficient to prove that the smaller the better the theoretical. University of California at Berkeley and the Berkeley Lab researchers create the worlds first fully functional nanotube device, the successful construction of a weighing gold atoms nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) 12.This device measured the gold atoms quality for 3125 10 - 22 g.The NEMS mass sensor consists of a single carbon nanotube, double wall, with all the electronic properties, and the increase in hardness.The one end of the carbon nanotubes can be freely, while the other end is connected to one electrode, and the distance relative to the electrode is very near.The DC power from the battery or solar cell on the pair of electrodes connected, cause it to some fluctuations in the resonance frequency of vibration.When an atom or molecule is stored above carbon nanotubes, the resonant frequency of this carbon nanotube will therefore the mass of the atoms or molecules to change, similar to the different weight diver would change the resonance frequency of the diving board. American Oak R idge National Laboratory using silicon micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor detected 515 fg (femtograms) of the substances, and to create a new world record 13.The use of only 2 LmLength, 50 nm thick silicon cantilever, by an inexpensive diode laser vibration.The researchers believe that the use of MEMS sensors in theory be able to detect any substances. British the Transense company launched a precision level millionth non-contact torque sensor Torqsense 14.This sensor is based on the principle of surface acoustic wave (SAW), the size of only 4 mm 2 mm 015 mm.45b fixed for measuring the torque of the shaft, the two SAW sensor and the shaft was continuously into / half-bridge 0 structure; When the shaft is subject to torque, a pressure receiving a tensile the consolidated two sensors frequency generating / Difference 0 or /superposition 0 signal to derive the respective torque or temperature signal. Epson Toyocom Corporation developed a? 10 Pa (about one ten thousandth atmospheric pressure) of high accuracy and high resolution of 011 Pa and a volume of 1215 ml, weight is 15 g small crystal absolute pressure sensor 15.Tuning-fork type crystal unit is used in the pressure detecting unit, whereby the oscillation frequency of high stability can be obtained, thus achieving the pressure sensor with high precision and high resolution crystal; on top of this using QMEMS technology developed a new original.pressure sensing structure, to make it possible to have both small and high performance.Taiyo Yuden developed a detection sensitivity of 10 - 9 (1ppb) gas sensor 16, because of its gas adsorption characteristics, Taiyo Yuden be called / of nanoscale gas sensor 0, and in October 2007show opening / CEATEC JAPAN 20070.The sensor 80Lm 500Lm dielectric film is formed on a silicon wafer, using a dielectric film after the adsorbed gas, the resistance value change of the dielectric film, in order to detect the gas.112 development to the miniaturization of various control equipment function more and more, the requirements of the various components of smaller is better, and thus the sensor itself, the volume is as small as possible, which requires a focus on the development of micro-sensors based on new materials and processing technology. French scientist, winner of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics Albert # Fil German scientist Peter # Green Berger found / giant magnetoresistance 0 effect 17 - 19, not only can produce more sensitive data read headThe increasingly weak magnetic signals and still be able to be clearly read out and converted into a clear current change.The breakthrough in the technology provides an extremely important technical support for the miniaturization of sensors.Hitachi Metals has developed the worlds smallest 3-axis acceleration sensor, external dimensions of 215mm 215 mm _AT_ 1mm volume of 6125 mm3 to varistor resin package.The package size smaller than similar products by 30% the volume and weight of 14 mg, 46% lower than similar products, with more than 20,000 gravitational acceleration impact resistance. Japanese scientists have also successfully developed the worlds smallest ultra-sensitive tactile sensor, the prospects for a wide range of applications in the field of medical devices.The sensor is embedded in the synthetic resin of approximately 011mm3 a diameter of 1 10 Lm, long of 300 500 Lm, the helical spring-like fine carbon coil element, carbon coil after the contact with the object, will be minor changes in pressure and temperature conversioninto electrical signals.Furthermore, the sensor can also sense / screwed 0, / 0, etc. of friction signal.113 micro-power consumption and passive sensor can not work without power, in the field or in a place far from the grid, often with a battery or solar power, the development of micro-power sensor and passive sensor is an inevitable development direction,In this way, you can saveEnergy and can improve the life of the system. German scientists have developed a sensor, the energy of the fluid (liquid or gas) can have through their own conversion into electricity, which means that the sensor can own / power generation 0, which would greatly facilitate the design and maintenance of the system.The conversion process is carried out in a fixed cavity into electricity, the media fluid (liquid or gas) through the heart as blood flows through here like.Due to the Coanda effect, the flow of fluid is close to the conduit wall; continuous flow generated here periodic pressure fluctuations, to the piezoelectric ceramics, piezoelectric ceramic ultimately by the energy of the fluid is converted into electrical conduction by the feedback member.Generated electricity in the microwatt or milliwatt able to meet the energy demand of the loop running sensor to ensure the sensor reading and outgoing data. British Perpetuum and CAP-XX, Australia developed without battery driven wireless sensor terminal The terminal is equipped with a micro vibration can be converted to energy generators and double-layer capacitor.The vibration of the installation site can be used as energy, power generation, the surplus electric power can be stored in the electric double layer capacitor 23.114 to the intelligent development of increasingly complex with the development of science and technology, the function of the sensor.Its output is no longer a single analog signal, but after the microprocessor processing the digital signal, and some even with a control function.Technology development that the digital signal processor (DSP) will promote the development of many new next-generation products.The technology laboratory R & D of the San Jose Accen ture one is called / 0 of smart dust smart sensing system can automatically monitor and leaf-like objects combustion warning.Once the smart dust sensor point will be near each small dust sprayed into the trees, dust to locate and establish a wireless connection.When spotted possible anomalies detected, it will touch the the nearby dust size device to determine their access to information, and get multiple information from multiple sources, then the sensor will be able to judge a tree dangerous.Once the danger trigger sensor group through its wireless connection to send messages to woodland workers to monitor the sensor network.Ok i recently introduced ultra-small triaxial accelerometer module the ML8950, integrated sensor chip and control IC, the worlds thinnest package.Has detected a triaxial accelerometer function can also detect tilt and impact shocks.The controlling IC chip is fitted in the signal amplifying circuit, a control circuit, analog-to-digital converter, and temperature compensation circuit.Furthermore, it is the first with a digital interface triaxial accelerometer module, because it can be directly connected to the CPU, so without the use of analog to digital signal converter device can be embedded in the digital device.115 directly affects the reliability of the sensor to the high reliability electronic device antijamming performance, the development of high reliability, the wide temperature range of the sensor will be permanent direction.Improve the temperature range has always been a major issue in the scope of its work, most sensors are - 20 70e, in the military system requirements Operating temperature - 40 85e range, while cars boiler occasions require sensor temperature requirements are higher, so the development ofpromising emerging materials (such as ceramic) sensor.Honeyw e ll launch LG1237 absolute pressure sensor is an intelligent, accurate, stable measurement of the product within the pressure range of 015 to 1000 Pa, its service life of 25 years or 100, 000 hours.Product - 55e to 125e, the accuracy rate of over? 0103% F1S1, the device will be with a piezoresistive pressure sensor connected with the DSP of the microprocessor, and can withstand the live level acceleration and vibration.Institute of Precision Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University successfully developed an anti-shock 2000e instantaneous ultra high temperature silicon isolated high temperature pressure sensor.The sensors in the environment - 30 250e pressure measurement, pressure measurement to be completed by the of 1000MPa any of the following range, and can withstand the high temperature of 2000e instantaneous impact, to meet the high-temperature, high-pressure, high-frequency response and instantaneous temperature impact and other harsh environmentspressure measurement.The sensor is an effective solution to the technical problems of sensor failure pressure measurement and instantaneous temperature impact in the field of Chinas aerospace, petrochemical, automotive and other high-temperature environment.The development of biosensors In recent years, with the development of biotechnology, bio-sensor has also been a lot of development.And attaches great importance to the food industry, environmental monitoring, fermentation industry, medicine and a wide range of applications, such as for the detection of food ingredients, food additives, harmful toxins and food freshness 28 - 31.Environmental pollutants, continuous, rapid, on-line monitoring of foreign subcellular lipids fixed made of cellulose acetate membrane and oxygen electrode amperometric biosensor detection of acid rain acid mist sample so