e15.Respirat0ry-System呼吸系统(ppt文档).ppt

组织胚胎学课件组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用七年制英文医学班专用中国医科大学中国医科大学基础医学院基础医学院组胚组胚英文教学组英文教学组 Chapter 15 Respiratory System1.Components-nose-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-lung2.Trachea and main bronchi three layers1)Mucosa:-epithelium:pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepithelium-lamina propria:CT,contain LC,PC,MC,BV,LVPseudostratified ciliatedcolumnarepi.ciliatedcell:columnar,ciliagobletcellbasalcell:-pyramidal,basally-located-undifferentiatedcellciliated cell orgobletcellbrushcell:-columnar,microvilli,-EM:RER,nog.-function:notveryclear,maybei.becomeintociliatedcellii.receivesensorystimuli-epitheliodendriticsynapsediffuseneuroendocrinecell:-less,pyramidal-EM:dense-coreg.-smallgranulecellneuroepithelialbody:cell+NF-Function:secret hormones to regulatecontractofSMandsecretionofglandi.5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin)ii.calcitoniniii.enkephalin*clearbasementmembrane2)Submucosa:LCT,withBV,LVandNtrachealgland:mixeddiffuseLTandLN*SIgA=secretorycomponent(secreted byepi.cell)+IgA(producedbyplasmacell)3)Adventitia:cartilagering:16-20“C”shapedcircularligament:elasticFSM-posterior part(membrane part):SM,elasticF,trachealgland3.Lung-paired organ,located in thoracic cavity1)General structure:-capsule:visceral layer of pleura-serousmembrane-CT+mesothelium-parenchyma:all branches of bronchiandalveoli(right3,left2)-interstitia:CT,BV,LV,N*branchi intrapulmonary bronchial tree(lobarbronchial tree,segmental bronchi and smallbronchi)D1mmD0.5mmbronchiolesterminalbronchiolesrespiratorybronchioles alveolar duct alveolar sac alveoli*pulmonary lobule:one bronchioles and its allbranchesandallalveoliconeorpyramidal-shaped:apexpointedtowardthe hilum and basal(1.0 cm in D)faced thesurfacemoreCTbetweenthem2)Conducting portionfromlobar bronchi to small bronchi-Regulationofsimplification:(gradually)mucosa:-epi.:becomethinner-gobletcell-laminapropria:thinner,SMsubmucosa:glandadventitia:cartilagecartilagedecreasingbronchiole:D1mm-continuoustochangegobletcell,Gland,cartilageordisappearsmoothmuscle,circularmucosaplicaterminal bronchiole:D 0.5mm-gobletcell,gland,cartilagedisappear-SM:form a wholelayerofcircumferentialSM-Wall:simple columnar epi.:twotypesofcellsAlayerofSMi.ciliatedcellii.secretingcell:Clara cellEM:dome-shapedapicalSERSecretingG:containsproteolytaseandoxidasefunction:dissolvethemucusbiologicalthansformationundifferentiatedcellciliatedcell3)respiratory portionrespiratory bronchiole-similartoterminalbronchioles:simpleciliatedcolumnarepi.smoothmuscle-place where connect with alveoli:gradualchangingsimplecuboidalepi.simplesquamousepi.lessSM,elasticFalveolar duct:20-60alveoliconnectwithit-wall:hardtosee-openingpartbetweentwoalveolisimplecuboidalepi.orsquamousepi.SM:single,EF-knob-likedstructurealveolar sac:-manyalveoliopentoit-noproperwall,noknob-likedstructurealveoli:-polygonal,withopeningsac-0.2mmin D,300-400 million/per lung,totalarea:70-80mm2-wall:epi.andbasallaminaalveolarseptum:CTwithBV,EFa.alveolur epi:-type I alveolar cell:LM:flattened,0.2um,N:roundEM:plasmalemmalvesiclestightjunctionFunction:constitutetheblood-airbarrier-type II alveolar cell:scattered,5-8/peralveolesLM:cuboidalorround,withroundNpaler-stained,foamycytoplasmEM:secretinggranules:Osmiophilicmultilamellarbody-0.1-1.0um-contains:phospholipid,glycosaminoglycanandproteinmicrovilli,mito,lysosome,RER,GolgiFunction:i.secretingsurfactantii.differentiatedintotypeIalveolarcellb.alveolar septum:CTEFFibroblast,macrophage,plasma cell,mastcellLV,Ncapillary:endothelium+basementmembrane*Blood-airbarrier:thestructurethroughwhich the gaseous exchange takesplace-0.2-0.5um-components:alayerofliquidtypeIalveolarcellandbasementMCTcapillaryendothelialcellandBMc.alveolar pore:10-15um-equalize(balance)the air-pressurebetweenalveoli-loberpneumonia-bacteriaorinflammatoryspreadthroughthepored.alveolar marcophage:monocytes-MPS-dustcell:macrophagewhichphagocytosecarbonorductparticles-heartfailurecell:whenlungcongested(edema),thealveolarmarcophage phagocytose RBC,digestthehemoglobinintohemosiderin(pigment)andaccumulatedthemwithinmacrophage