英语动词时态语态课件.ppt

EnglishBasicTenses(时态时态)他他每天每天都来。都来。他他昨天昨天来了来了.他他已经已经来了来了.他他明天明天来来.汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来而非词的形态变化来表示动作的发生表示动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过谓语动词谓语动词时态变化时态变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态.Hecameyesterday.Hehascome.Hewillcometomorrow.Hecomeseveryday.语态语态时态时态主动主动一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时.过去将来时过去将来时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时v./v-s/esV-edwill+vwould+v.had+donehave/has+donehave/hasbeen+V-ingam/is/are+V-ingwas/were+V-ing语态语态时态时态主动主动将来进行时将来进行时willbedoing将来完成时将来完成时willhavedone导入之一：导入之一：Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?(using3sentencesormore,使用实意动词使用实意动词和系动词和系动词,注意动词形式变化注意动词形式变化)2.用法用法:1)经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频，常与表示频率的时间状语连用，如率的时间状语连用，如often,usually,always,everyday/year,sometimes,onSunday等。等。2)表示不受时间限制的表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理科学事实或客观真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.IstudyhardeverydayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesImissmyfamilies.一、一、一般现在时一般现在时(TheSimplePresenttense)1.结构结构:do/does3 3）汽车、飞机、会议等按）汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表时刻表将要发生的事。将要发生的事。Thetrainleavesatthreethisafternoon.Themeetingstartsat2:00p.m.4 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时般现在时代替一般将来时,即即主将从现主将从现。Ifit_(be)finetomorrow,we_(go)tothecountryside.Ifhe_(come)thisafternoon，we_(have)ameeting.iswillgocomeswillhaveExample:I_(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways_(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_(be)happyatthattime.spentplayeddidntwere导入之二：导入之二：Howdidyouspendyourchildhood?二、一般过去时二、一般过去时(TheSimplePastTense)1.结构结构:谓动用动词过去式谓动用动词过去式(V-ed)2.用法用法:在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。在的状态。常与表示过去时间的时间状常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用。如语连用。如yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。等。examples:He was in Beijing some years ago.She traveled in Europe last year.When I was at collage,I wrote home once a week.He wet to town,bought some books and visited his daughter last Sunday.He said he would go for a holiday when hefinished his work.犹如picture导入之三：导入之三：Howwillyouspendyourwinterholiday?IwillImgoingto三三.一般将来时.表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式 will/shall+will/shall+动词原形动词原形 be going to do be going to do be about to do be about to do be to do be to do begoingto有很强的有很强的计划性计划性，打算干什么，而，打算干什么，而will表示表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性临时性和偶然性。-Thetelephoneisringing.-I_answerit.A.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto-Alice,whydidntyoucomeyesterday?-I_,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didbegoingto可用来表达可用来表达某种迹象要发生某种迹象要发生的事。的事。而而will不能表示不能表示Lookattheclouds!It_rain.isgoingto3.beto表示因约定、计划，职责、义务表示因约定、计划，职责、义务要求即将发生的动作要求即将发生的动作,或或客观客观安排或受安排或受人指示而做某事。人指示而做某事。begoingto表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.Imgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.4 4beabouttodo表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，1)1)表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时不与表示将来的时间状语连用间状语连用。2)2)常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这就在这时，是并列连词时，是并列连词.构成句型：构成句型：be about to do when.Eg:I was about to leave when it rained.四四.过去将来时过去将来时(ThepastfuturesimpleTense)1.用法用法:过去将来时表示过去将来时表示立足于过去立足于过去某一某一时间时间看将要发生的动作看将要发生的动作或存在的状态或存在的状态,常用常用于宾语从句中于宾语从句中.2.结构结构:1)should/would+动词原形动词原形Theboypromisedhewouldworkhard.ItoldmyparentsIshouldreturnearly.导入之五：导入之五：Whataretheydoingnow?Theyareplayingbasketball.五五.现在进行时现在进行时 1表示表示说话时正在进行说话时正在进行而而尚未完成尚未完成的动作或状态的动作或状态Idontreallyworkhere.Imhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology_sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchangebe(am,are,is)+doing2.与与always，constantly(不不断断地地；时时常常地地)等等连连用用，表示表示赞赞成或成或厌恶厌恶的感情色彩。如：的感情色彩。如：他他总总是帮助是帮助别别人。人。Heisalwayshelpingothers.六六.过去进行时过去进行时(ThePastContinuousTense)1.结构：结构：was/were+doing2.用法用法:表示表示过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动过去某时或某段时间正在进行的动作或状态作或状态。常用的时间状语常用的时间状语attenyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while,atthattimeIfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She_ataradioshopatthetime.A.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked3.与与always，forever，constantly连连用用，表示表示赞赞成或成或厌恶厌恶的感情色彩。如：的感情色彩。如：他他总总是考是考虑别虑别人，从未考人，从未考虑虑自己。自己。Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers，neverthinkingofhimself.Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey.七七.现在完成时现在完成时(ThepresentPerfectTense)1.结构结构:have(has)+done2.用法用法:1).现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延现在完成时表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态续到现在的动作或状态,通常用于延续性动词通常用于延续性动词.常常与表示延续性的时间状语连用与表示延续性的时间状语连用,如如:sofar,uptonow,recently,since,for,overtime等等IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.Hehaslivedheresincelastsummer.时间线时间线现在现在过去过去lived延续到现在延续到现在:haslivedlastsummersince1.-WhendidhegotoAmerica?-Oh,he_theresincehalfayearago.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.was2.Shelly_CaliforniaforTexasand_thereeversince.YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico.A.left,workedB.hasleft,hadworkedC.left,hasworkedD.hasleft,worked比较一般过去时与现在完成时比较一般过去时与现在完成时 1).一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在一般过去时只表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态的状态,不涉及对现在的影响不涉及对现在的影响；现在完成时表；现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或状态示发生在过去的动作或状态一直延续到现在一直延续到现在,或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响或强调过去的事情对现在的造成的影响。MyfamilylivedinZhuhai10yearsago.（现在不在珠海了（现在不在珠海了)MyfamilyhavelivedinZhuhaifor10years.(目前还在珠海目前还在珠海)2).过去时常过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与而现在完成时通常与不确定的不确定的或或包括现在在内包括现在在内的的时间状语连用，或无时间状语时间状语连用，或无时间状语.I_(study)inZhongshanuniversityin2000.I_(study)inZhongshanuniversitysince2000.I_just_(buy)anapartment.(just表示不确定的时间状语表示不确定的时间状语）studiedhavestudiedhavebought八八.过去完成时过去完成时(ThepastperfectTense)1.结构结构:had+done2.概念：表示过去的过去概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|-过去的过去过去的过去过去现在将来过去现在将来 导入之八：Yougraduated(毕业毕业)fromJuniorMiddleSchoolinJuly2013.Youhadstayedtherefor3yearswhenyougraduated.Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.现在现在过去过去过去的过去过去的过去theendoflasttermhadlearnt时间线时间线用法用法(1)表表示示过过去去某某一一时时刻刻或或某某一一动动作作之之前前完完成成的的动动作作或或状状态态。句句中中常常用用by，before，until，when等等词词引引导导的的时间时间状状语语。如：。如：2.表示表示过过去未曾去未曾实现实现的愿望或打算的愿望或打算(“本想本想”;“本来打算本来打算”)。IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.1).Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_(runaway).2).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents_(begin)reading.Hewalkedinasifhe_(buy)theschool.hadrunawayhadrunawayhadrunawayhadbegunhadbought 3.I_totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasntabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped4.Helen_herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcomecc导入之九：导入之九：-Howlonghaveyoubeenstudyinginthisschool?-Almostthreemonths.九、现在完成进行时九、现在完成进行时主主语语+has/have+been+doing.表示过去某一时间发生表示过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在一直持续到现在还会还会继续继续下下去的动作（动作未完成），动词去的动作（动作未完成），动词必须用必须用延续性延续性动动词词。Hehasbeenworkinghereforthreeyears.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1990.-Isntithardtodrivedowntowntowork?-Yes,thatwhyI_toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时现在完成时:表到现在为止表到现在为止已经完成已经完成，或过去发，或过去发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示延续性；延续性；现在完成进行时现在完成进行时:往往强调往往强调仍将继续仍将继续下去的动作。下去的动作。Ihavewrittenaletter.（已完成）（已完成）Ihavebeenwritingaletter.（未完成）（未完成）过去过去现在现在时间线时间线havewrittenhavebeenwriting10将来进行时（将来进行时（willbedoing）表将来某一时刻，某一段时间正在进行的表将来某一时刻，某一段时间正在进行的动作。动作。Iwillbesleepingatthistimetomorrow.11将来完成时（将来完成时（willhavedone）表将来某一时间已经做完某事表将来某一时间已经做完某事Wewillhavelearnt1000wordsbytheendofthisterm.最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在时时现在进行现在进行时时现在完成现在完成时时现在完成现在完成进行时进行时often,always,usually,sometimes,onSunday,every,atweekends,onceinawhile,threetimesaday(right)now,atthismoment,atpresent,forthetimebeing,thisyear,always,for,since,sofar,in/over/duringthepast/lastfewyears,lately,recently,just,uptonow,uptillnow,already,yet,ever,never,twice,threetimes,before,allthetime,allthismorning,for,since,inthepastfewyears,最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般过去一般过去时时过去进行过去进行时时过去完成过去完成时时过去将来过去将来时时yesterday,last,thedaybeforeyesterday,ago,in2000,inthepast,theotherday,justnow,onceuponatime,at10lastnight,then,thismorning,atthattime/moment,thistimeyesterday,lastyear,always,by+过去时间，过去时间，bythen,bytheendof+过去时间，过去时间，bythetimeyoudidsth,.最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般将来时一般将来时将来进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成时tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,in2020,inafewyears,infuture,inthefuture,soon,next,anotherday,at10tomorrow,then,thistimetomorrow,nextyear,by+将来时间将来时间,bythen,bytheendof+将来时间将来时间,bythetimeyoudosth,Exercises1.Iusually_upat6:00,butyesterdayI_upat7:00andtomorrowI_upat6:30.(get)2.Listen!Someone_(knock)atthedoor.3.I_(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.4.Howoften_Andy_(surf)theinternet?5.Hefellasleepwhilehe_(read)abook.getwillgetgotisknockinghavebeendoessurfwasreading6.I_never_(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9._thestory_(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What_hismother_(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldputDidhappenwasdoing11.Ifit_(notrain)tomorrow,they_(go)fishing.12._yourmother_thepianoeverySunday?13.They_(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher_(start)teaching.doesntrainwillgoDoeshasworkedwontwalkedhadstartedplayJennyJenny_(be)aforeigngirl.She_(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_(move)toChina.Jenny_(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_(have)manyChinesefriendsand_(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny_(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.iscomesisdrawingmoveddidnthavefelthasstudieswillvisitOnegoodturndeservesanotherI _(have)dinner at a restaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tony_(work)inalawyers office years ago,but he _(work)atabanknow.He_(get)agoodsalary,but he always _(borrow)money from hisfriendsandnever_(pay)itback.Tony_(see)me and _(come)and _(sit)at thesame table.He _ never _(borrow)money from me.While he _(eat),I_(ask)himtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,he_(give)methemoneyimmediately.Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,Tonysaid,sonowyoucanpayformydinner!washavingworkedisworkingaskedsawcamehassatgavewaseatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed动词的语态动词的语态 (voices)(voices)动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。动词语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。动词谓语部分结构：动词谓语部分结构：be+v.pp动词时态语态一览表动词时态语态一览表(以以do为例）为例）时态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时do/does现在进行时现在进行时am/is/aredoing现在完成时现在完成时have/hasdone一般过去时一般过去时did过去进行时过去进行时was/weredoing过去完成时过去完成时haddone一般将来时一般将来时willdo将来完成时将来完成时willhavedoneam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone类别类别构成形式构成形式例句例句时时态态一般现在时一般现在时am/is/are+doneEnglish is widely used in the world.一般过去时一般过去时was/were+doneWe were asked to help them.一般将来时一般将来时will/shall+be doneA class meeting will be held next Monday.过去将来时过去将来时 should/would+be doneShe said those flowers should be watered.现在进行时现在进行时is/am/are+being doneThe blackboard is being painted now.过去进行时过去进行时was/were+being doneThose flowers were being watered when I left.现在完成时现在完成时have/has+been doneAll these flowers have been watered.过去完成时过去完成时had+been doneThe building had been completed before I arrived.主主动动形式表被形式表被动动意意义义Thesteelfeelscold.Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Theyogurtinthefridge_(已已经变质经变质）.hasgonebad1.连系动词连系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.构成系表结构构成系表结构,主动表被动。主动表被动。2.表示开始、表示开始、结结束、运束、运动动的的动词动词。如。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等等主主动动表被表被动动。Workbeganat7oclockthismorning.Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.3.need/want/requiredoing,beworthdoing,betoblame主动表被动主动表被动。Theequipmentinthecorner_(需要修理需要修理).requiresrepairingAIfeelitisyourhusbandwho_forthespoiledchild.A.istoblameB.isgoingtoblameC.istobeblamedD.shouldblameWhodoyouthink_forthefailureoftheirmarriage?A.toblameB.tobeblameC.istoblameD.istobeblamed CNyloncleanseasily.Thismaterialhaswornthin.Yourpenwritessmoothly.Therecorderwontplay.(这种布耐洗。这种布耐洗。)(他的书他的书没有没有销销路。路。)Theclothwasheswell.Hisbookdoesnotsell.4.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink.这类动词一般不单独使用这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。常有一个修饰语。Murtiple choice1.Thiscoastalarea_anationalwildlifereservelastyear.A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.namesA2.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedD3.Thenewsuspensionbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedB说明说明：bytheendof短语一般都与完成时连用。短语一般都与完成时连用。4.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencutC1、对於这个问题，关注很少。、对於这个问题，关注很少。Littleattentionwaspaidtothisproblem.2、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。、课堂上应该鼓励小组讨论。Groupdiscussionshouldbeencouragedinclass.3、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。、据报导，这里将修建一条新的马路。Itisreportedthatanewroadwillbebuilthere.4、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。、必须采取措施来防止河流受到污染。Measuresshouldbetakentostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.