英语总复习专题：八种时态总复习.ppt

初中英语动词时态复习初中英语动词时态复习 二、一般过去时二、一般过去时一、一般现在时一、一般现在时三、一般将来时三、一般将来时 四、过去将来时四、过去将来时五、现在进行时五、现在进行时 六、过去进行时六、过去进行时七、现在完成时七、现在完成时 八、过去完成时八、过去完成时 一、一般现在时一、一般现在时1.一般现在时的结构：一般现在时的结构：主语+动词原形+其它 I do my homework every day.主语+am/is/are+其它 I am a student.注意：当主语是第三人称单数时，动词要用第三人称单数形式。Jim does his homework every day.(does就是do的第三人称单数形式）规则规则动词原形动词原形第三人称单数形式第三人称单数形式一般在词尾加一般在词尾加-splayleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾结尾的词加的词加-espassfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的结尾的词，先变词，先变y为为i,再加再加-esstudycarryflystudiescarriesflies动词原形变为第三人称单数形式的规则：动词原形变为第三人称单数形式的规则：注意：动词注意：动词have的第三人称单数形式是的第三人称单数形式是has.2.一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法：1）表示经常性的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的副词连用。常用的频率副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never。频率副词在句中通常位于行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如:He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家去学校。2）表示现在的状态。例如：The boy is twelve.这男孩十二岁。3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：My sister is always ready to help others.我妹妹总是乐于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。5）表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。6）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back.他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job,they will talk with you in greater details.如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。I do my homework every day.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Do you do your homework every day?Yes,I do./No,I dont.2.改为否定句。I dont do my homework every day.Jim does his homework every day.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Does Jim do his homework every day?Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.2.改为否定句。Jim doesnt do his homework every day.二、一般过去时二、一般过去时1.一般过去时的结构：一般过去时的结构：主语+动词过去式+其它 I did my homework yesterday.(did就是do的过去式）动词原形变为动词过去式的规则：动词原形变为动词过去式的规则：注意：注意：不规则动词过去式参见九年级下册不规则动词过去式参见九年级下册P84。构成规则构成规则动词原形动词原形动词过去式动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-ed lookplayworklookedplayedworked结尾是结尾是e的动词在末尾的动词在末尾加加-dlikelivelikedlived末尾只有一个辅音字母末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加这个辅音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母y”的动词，先变的动词，先变“y”为为“i”再加再加-edstudyworrycrystudiedworriedcried2.一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,last week,an hour ago,just now,in 1982等连用。在一般过去时中，要表达“多少时间之后”，一般用after。例如：Where did you go just now?刚才你上哪儿去了？After a few years,she started to play the piano.几年后，她开始弹钢琴。2）表示在过去经常或反复发生的动作。常与often,always等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3）一般过去时也可与today,this week,this month,this year等表现在的时间状语连用，但这些时间状语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？I did my homework yesterday.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Did you do your homework yesterday?Yes,I did./No,I didnt.2.改为否定句。I didnt do my homework yesterday.三、一般将来时三、一般将来时 1.一般将来时的结构：一般将来时的结构：结构一：主语+will+动词原形+其它 I will do my homework tonight.在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I和we）时，常 用助动词shall。例如：Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?我们明天去动物园，好吗？结构二：主语+be going to+动词原形+其它 I am going to buy a car next year.2.一般将来时的用法一般将来时的用法：结构一的用法：1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2）表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。例如：Ill come and see you every Saturday next year.3）表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测。例如：I think shell go back home for supper.结构二的用法：1）表示主语进行某一行动的打算或意图。即计划，安排要发生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算做什么？2)表示说话人确信如此或有某种迹象表明某事即将发生。例如：Look at the dark clouds,there is going to be a heavy rain.看那乌云，快要下大雨了。I will do my homework tonight.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Will you do your homework tonight?Yes,I will./No,I wont.2.改为否定句。I wont do my homework tonight.I am going to buy a car next year.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Are you going to buy a car next year？Yes,I am./No,Im not.2.改为否定句。I am not going to buy a car next year四、过去将来时四、过去将来时 1.过去将来时的结构：过去将来时的结构：结构一：主语+would+动词原形+其它 I would do my homework.结构二：主语+was going to+动词原形+其它 主语+were going to+动词原形+其它 I was going to buy a car.2.过去将来时的用法过去将来时的用法：1）表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock.他说他会在九点之前完成工作。2）“was/were going to+动词原形”所表示的过去将来时,表示过去曾经打算做某事。例如：She said she was going to buy a car.她说她打算买一辆小汽车。I would do my homework.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Would you do your homework?Yes,I would./No,I wouldnt.2.改为否定句。I wouldnt do my homework.I was going to buy a car.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Were you going to buy a car？Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.2.改为否定句。I wasnt going to buy a car.五、现在进行时五、现在进行时 1.现在进行时的结构：现在进行时的结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词+其它 I am doing my homework now.(doing就是do的现在分词）动词原形变为动词现在分词的规则：动词原形变为动词现在分词的规则：规则规则原形原形-ing形式形式一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-inglistenspendstaylisteningspendingstaying以不发音字母以不发音字母e结尾的动结尾的动词，先去掉词，先去掉e，再加，再加-inghaveprepareclosehavingpreparingclosing以重读闭音节结尾的动词，以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加个辅音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以以ie结尾的短单词，把结尾的短单词，把ie改为改为y,再加再加-ingliedietielyingdyingtying以以er结尾的动词，如是重结尾的动词，如是重读音节结尾，先双写读音节结尾，先双写r，再加，再加-ing。如不是重如不是重读音节结尾，就直接读音节结尾，就直接加加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering2.现在进行时的用法现在进行时的用法：1）表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。常与now,at present,at this moment等时间状语连用。例如：We are waiting for you now.我们正在等你。2）表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr.Green is writing another novel.格林先生在写另一部小说。（说话时未必在写，只处于写作的状态。）3）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与always,forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。4）表示渐变，这样的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。5）come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return 等动词可用于现在进行时，表示将要发生的动作。例如：Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon.火车要到了。I am doing my homework now.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Are you doing your homework now?Yes,I am./No,Im not.2.改为否定句。I am not doing my homework now.六、过去进行时六、过去进行时1.过去进行时的结构：过去进行时的结构：主语+was/were+动词现在分词+其它 I was doing my homework at that time.(doing就是do的现在分词）They were doing their homework at that time.2.过去进行时的用法过去进行时的用法：1)表示在过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作，通常与表示过去的时间壮语连用。例如：At this moment yesterday,I was packing for camp.昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。2)come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return 等动词可用于过去进行时，表示过去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.她告诉我她将去海南度假。3)在含有时间壮语从句的复合句中，表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生之后，另一个动作正在进行。例如:It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站时，正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。I was doing my homework at that time.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Were you doing your homework at that time?Yes,I was./No,I wasnt.2.改为否定句。I wasnt doing my homework at that time.七、现在完成时七、现在完成时 1.现在完成时的结构：现在完成时的结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其它 I have done my homework already.(done就是do的过去分词）Jim has done his homework already.注意：注意：不规则动词过去分词参见九年级下册不规则动词过去分词参见九年级下册P84。构成规则构成规则动词原形动词原形动词过去式动词过去式一般在动词原形末尾加一般在动词原形末尾加-ed lookplayworklookedplayedworked结尾是结尾是e的动词在末尾的动词在末尾加加-dlikelivelikedlived末尾只有一个辅音字母末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加这个辅音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplannedstoppeddropped结尾是结尾是“辅音字母辅音字母y”的动词，先变的动词，先变“y”为为“i”再加再加-edstudyworrycrystudiedworriedcried动词原形变为动词过去分词的规则：动词原形变为动词过去分词的规则：2.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法：1)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与already,yet,ever,never,just，before 等词连用。例如：Have you had supper yet?你吃晚饭了吗？You have already grown much taller.你已经长高了许多。2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并可能还要延续。往往和表示一段时间的时间状语（如：for一段时间，since+过去时间点或从句）连用。例如：It has been five years since he joined the army.他参军五年了。They have learned English for eight years.他们已学了八年的英语了。3.现在完成时需注意的问题：现在完成时需注意的问题：非延续性动词(如begin,borrow,lend,buy,close,come,die,finish,join,kill,leave,stop，receive等）不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：He has joined the army for five years.（错误）He has been in the army for five years.(正确)注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以延续的。I have received his letter for a month.（错误）I havent received his letter for a month.(正确)I have done my homework already.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Have you done your homework yet?Yes,I have./No,I havent.2.改为否定句。I havent done my homework yet.Jim has done his homework already.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Has Jim done his homework yet?Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.2.改为否定句。Jim hasnt done his homework yet.1.They got married ten years ago.（改为现在完成时）（改为现在完成时）They have been married for ten years.They have been married since ten years ago.2.I have bought this computer for three years.（改错）（改错）I have had this computer for three years.八、过去完成时八、过去完成时 1.过去完成时的结构：过去完成时的结构：主语+had+动词过去分词+其它 I had done my homework before you came here.(done就是do的过去分词）2.过去完成时的用法：过去完成时的用法：1)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的动作或存在的状态(即发生的时间是过去的过去)。常与“by/before+过去的时间”构成的短语或“before、when引导的表示过去的时间状语从句”连用。例如：We had learned more than 2000 words by the end of last term.到上学期末为止，我们已经学习了两千多个单词。The train had already left before we arrived.在我们到达之前，火车已经离开了。2)表示在过去某一时间点之前已经持续了一段时间的动作或状态。常与for/since引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here.我来这儿之前在美国住过两年。I had done my homework before you came here.1.改为一般疑问句并回答。Had you done your homework before I came here?Yes,I had./No,I hadnt.2.改为否定句。I hadnt done my homework before you came here.